Prickly Pear Cactus Antioxidant Effects And Other Medical...
1. Prickly Pear Cactus Antioxidant Effects And Other Medical...
Crystal Farley
April 10, 2017
Desert Ecology
Prickly Pear Cactus Antioxidant Effects and Other medical benefits Prickly pear cactus is the
common name of many different species in the genus Opuntia and the species within can be less
than one foot tall up to seven feet tall. This cactus has large fleshy pads, and very large spines (2).
These edible plants have potential health benefits that have been explored in some research. These
plants have been shown to have antioxidant properties, and organ protective qualities, analgesic, and
anti–inflammatory properties. Many of these properties can be beneficial for humans because these
issues affect all people at some point in their life. The studies examined in this paper will examine
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fruits used to compare the compounds were different in color, one contained purple fruit, and
the other contained orange fruit. Both fruits had similar antioxidant activity, but the purple variety
had more active components. The active components in this fruit give prickly pear cactus the
antioxidant qualities that can benefit the body in ways that other fruits can. Another study that was
performed examined different prickly pear juices to examine potential antioxidant effects. The juices
picked were the most frequently consumed varieties: red–purple, white–green, and yellow–orange.
Methods used determined in vitro effects which only give a rough estimate of in vivo effects, but it
was determined that the compounds and how they interact give a better idea of how much of an
antioxidant the fruit is overall. In this study the researchers treated mice with a chemical that caused
oxidative stress, and given prickly pear juice in order to counteract the effects of the oxidative stress.
Blood analysis was used in order to examine the amount of protection the prickly pear juice had
given to the mice. The results determined that the red–purple colored juice was a better antioxidant
than the white–green and yellow–orange varieties indicating that the antioxidant properties may be
due to the polyphenols the juices contain since the red–purple variety is
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2.
3. Cactus Moth Research Paper
The Argentine cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum Berg (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was first
discovered in the United States in 1989 and has now become a major threat to ~31 species of
Opuntia cactus, nine of which are endemic and six of which have been designated as rare or
endangered. Since the initial finding of C. cactorum in Florida, the moth has spread along the Gulf
and Atlantic Coasts and now occurs as far west as Louisiana and as far north as North Carolina.
Following the termination of the sterile insect technique (SIT) in 2012, the efforts to control the
spread of the cactus moth have focused on population management through classical biological
control. Apanteles opuntiarum Martínez & Berta (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), the parasitoid
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4.
5. Scrubby Flatwood Background
Sandhill
Sandhill occurs in the uplands on crests and ridges of gently rolling topography. Sandhill is
characterized by an open overstory of widely–spaced longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), sparse
understory of fire–suppressed deciduous scrub oaks and a diverse groundcover of grasses, forbs and
low growing shrubs. Soil is deep, excessively drained, marine–deposited sand of the Lakeland
series. Rapid permeability allows for expeditious aquifer recharge with little to no runoff, however,
nutrients are easily leached, hence soils are generally infertile. In order to maintain open structure,
this xeric upland habitat requires frequent (3 to 5 years), low–intensity, growing season fire.
Species include a canopy of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Grasses, rushes and sedges include: wiregrass (Aristida stricta), muhly (Muhlengergia expansa),
toothache grass (Ctenium aromaticum), longleaved threeawn (Aristida palustris), beaksedge
(Rhynchospora spp.) and nutrush (Scleria spp.). Common forbs include yellow–eyed grass (Xyris
spp.), foxtail club–moss (Lycopodiella alopecuroides) and pipewort (Eriocaulon spp.) along with
insectivorous pitcher plants (Sarracenia spp.), sundews (Drosera spp.) butterworts (Pinguicula spp.)
and bladderworts (Utricularia
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6.
7. Santa Fe Research Paper
Visiting the neighboring island of Santa Fe on one of our safaris is a day delving into the starting
diversity of the Galapagos, both with its creatures and its geology. After breakfast we embark to the
dock in Puerto Ayora, and take an hour and a half journey to the island. Santa Fe is one of the oldest
of the bunch in the archipelago, with underwater rocks dating back 3.9 million years. Lava that
floated up from the ocean floor created the island, making it unique to its larger counterparts.
Arriving at Barrington Bay, a charming inlet protected by a cove and a series of small islands; we
disembark to the beach, walking past sea lions to the trailhead. From here, your guide leads you
along two paths, one that does a close loop to the bay and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Santa Fe is home to a healthy population of iguanas (numbering in the range of 7,000 at last count)
inclluding the Santa Fe Yellow iguana, and marine iguanas. Other residents include the Galapagos
hawk, and Blue–footed boobies. The island is also home to a reclusive number of Galapagos
tortoises. In 2015, the Galapagos National Park, the Galapagos Conservancy, and the Charles
Darwin Foundation released 201 tortoises on the island. Naturalists believe that Santa Fe once had
its own species of tortoise, and the renewed effort to reintroduce the tortoise to the island has proven
effective. In a 2016 survey of the island, the 165 reptiles that we found all appeared healthy and well
fed, indicating that the entire population was moving ahead. Once done exploring the island's trails,
we take a break for lunch on board the boat. The afternoon is reserved for snorkeling, swimming and
relaxing on the beach. Friendly sea lions line the shores and swim besides you when snorkeling.
Other under water creatures that are common to the area are sharks, rays, and colorful schools of
fish; darting in every direction after being startled by new faces and the movement of the
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8.
9. A Member Of The Zygophyllaceae
A member of the Zygophyllaceae (caltrop) family, the creosote bush, Larrea tridentata, belongs to a
flowering–plant family of more than 250 members worldwide, many of which are native to desert
regions. Creosote bush is abundant in three of the four North American deserts, i.e. the Mojave, the
Sonoran, and the Chihuahuan Deserts. In the United States, L. tridentata occurs in the states of
Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah.
Most Agassiz's desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii, regardless of the specific locality they inhabit,
live in a type of desert biome known as creosote bush scrub. Dominated by the creosote bush, this
ecosystem also features vegetation such as Ambrosia dumosa (white bur–sage), Ambrosia salsola ...
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While conducting research on desert tortoise burrows, a team of scientists documented 31 species as
commensals (Walde, Walde, Delaney, & Pater, 2009). However, it is likely that many more species
share the shelter of the tortoise's burrow.
With the "camphor–like" fragrance of the resinous coating on its leaves that volatilizes when rainfall
occurs, the creosote bush imparts a fresh, pleasant "smell of rain" to the parched desert ecosystems it
inhabits (Flores, 2013). On the contrary, the pesticide/wood preservative creosote oil is a petroleum–
based product that has nothing to do with the desert shrub creosote bush. Creosote oil is a toxic
substance distilled from coal tar and used to preserve railroad crossties, marine and foundation
timbers, and the like.
Identification
A slow–growing evergreen shrub with a wide distribution in the North American deserts, L.
tridentata is first and foremost a shelter source, providing shade and cover for numerous desert
organisms, both flora and fauna.
An extremely long–lived shrub, each individual plant may live as long as 100 to 200 years. The wild
creosote bush typically reaches a height of 3 to 8 feet (1 to 2.4 meters) with an equal spread.
The
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10.
11. San Clemente Island Essay
The study was carried out in San Clemente Island (SCI; 118° 30' W, 33° 00' N), the southernmost of
the California Channel Islands, located approximately 109 km west of San Diego, California (Fig.
XX). The SCI is under the administration and management of U.S. Navy and is not open to
civilians, except by the permission of the naval authorities. The island covers 14,764 ha (147.64
km2) area extending 34 km north–south and ranges in width from 2.5–6.5 km. The diverse
topography of the island (a steeply sloping eastern side and gently sloping marine terraces of
western side), is the result of tectonic and climatic dynamics (Raab and Yatsko 2009), which
produce a greater spatial variability in temperature, wind, rainfall, and fog (Moody 2000). The
island experiences an arid Mediterranean–type climate characterised by cool, wet winters and hot,
dry summers. It receives an average of 130 mm of rainfall annually (U.S. Dept. of the Navy 2002)
with most precipitation (95%) between November and April, the wet season (Yoho et al. 1999).
Temperatures are relatively moderate throughout the year with average mean summer and winter
temperatures of 18°C and 14°C, respectively. Soil are predominantly clayey and fine loamy with
Vertisols morphology (Muhs et al. 2007). The Island vegetation was comprised primarily of
maritime desert scrub dominated by spiny and succulent plants (Cylindropuntia prolifera, Lycium
californicum, and Opuntia littoralis) and grassland dominated by introduced Avena
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12.
13. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Traditional Medicine
INTRODUCTION:
The skin or cutaneous membrane covers the external surface of the body. Skin contributes in
thermoregulation, serve as water repellant, and synthesize a number of useful compounds like
vitamin D and most importantly it act as a protective barrier between the external environment and
internal tissue [1]. According to medical dictionary, breaching of skin or underlying tissue due to
any accident, act of violence or surgery is called as wound [2]. Following an injury, the skin has a
tremendous capacity to heal. When skin get injured, the repair process entails removal of the
damaged tissue and laying down of a new extracellular matrix (ECM) over which epidermal
continuity can be reestablished [3]. To promote wound repair and regeneration, ... Show more
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ROS include free radicals such as superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals and non free–radical
species such as hydrogen peroxide etc are exacerbating factors in cellular injury and aging process
[39]. Various antioxidant natural remedies derived from plant such as polysaccharides from Angelica
sinensis, Aloe vera gel, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaf extract possess wound healing by
scavenging free radical and promoting collagen synthesis [40].
Antimicrobial activity
Microorganisms are believed to play a significant role in impaired healing of chronic wounds and
the development of infection–related complications [41]. Bacterial infection can cause sepsis occur
which impede the repair process [42]. A number of polyherbal preparations containing antimicrobial
action have been scientifically proved to possess wound healing activity for e.g. polyherbal gel
formulated from Terminalia arjuna, Centella asiatica and Curcuma longa reported to possess
antimicrobial and wound healing activities [43].
Analgesic
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14.
15. Wistar Essay
2– Materials and Methods.
The search was conducted in accordance with the internationally accepted principles for laboratory
animal use and care as found in the European Community guidelines (EEC Directive of 1986;
86/609/EEC). The approval from the Ethical committee at Faculty of Sciences, Féz, Morocco was
obtained.
2.1. Diuretic effects of the plant in rats
2.1.1. Experimental animals
Adult male Wistar rats with a body weight of 200 ± 40 g were used in the experimentation. The
animals were kept in a standard animal cage under standard temperature and light exposure, and
were exposed freely to water and food ad–libitum.
2.1.2. Collection of the plant
Cladodes of Opuntia–ficus–indica plant were collected from area surrounding Fez, Morocco. ...
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These effects were evident during seven days of experimentation. During acute administration of the
interventions, the result showed that the aqueous extract was more potent than both Lasix and the
gel during the first 24 hrs following the admin–istration (Figure 3).
4.1.2. Effects of the plant on the urine electrolytes and creatinine excretion on day eight
Effect of the interventions on urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and creatinine are summarized
in table 1. The eight day treatment with the aqueous extract and the gel of Opuntia–ficus–indica and
furosemide produced a significant increase in the urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and
creatinine, as compared to the control group.
4.1.3. Effects of the plant on the plasma levels of electrolytes, urea and creatinine
The administration of the aqueous extract and gel of Opuntia ficus indica for eight days did not
cause significant changes in the plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine, as
compared to the control. However, furosemide lowered serum potassium and elevated serum
creatinine (Table
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16.
17. Woodland Periods in North America
North America was a land of quite diversities from the east to the south. One of the early periods
was the Eastern Woodland period (800–200 BCE) which led to the mound emergence and when the
Middle Woodland period (c. 200 BCE– AD 400) started, the mounds became more significant for
ritual and spiritual meaning widespread (Scarre 681: 2013). Adena and the Middle Woodland
societies traded throughout the land such as the southern Appalachians and the Great Lakes. They
would trade artifacts like marine shells, whelks, and pipestones (ibid 682). Most of the Middle
Woodland artifacts were actually found in Ohio though it was evident that people would travel long–
distances to different destinations. During the Late Woodland period (AD 400–1000), mounds were
coming to an end in some areas as well as long–distance trades. Population didn't cease to grow and
stretched through the Midwest and Southwest. The villages that separated into owning more land
where it was farther from river access started to cultivate native plants but they only lasted a few
years (ibid 684). When the trading system of non–local materials started to die, weapons began to
emerge such as arrowheads, bows and arrows for hunting. Tension between villages rose which then
led to fighting and death which then also led to the formation of militarized groups by the end of the
first millennium (ibid 686). Chiefdoms also became a part of life around AD 1000 mainly due to
people seeking help from strong leaders in
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18.
19. Essay about Coral Reefs
Coral reefs have been undergoing global degradation due to increasing natural and anthropogenic
impacts for at least the last half–century. The intensity and frequency of stressors, including global
climate change, have rapidly increased in number over recent years (Hughes & Connell 1999;
Hoegh–Guldberg et al. 2007; Pandolfi et al. 2011). Frequent disturbances such as
hurricanes/cyclones, predation outbreaks, diseases and mass bleaching events eat–away at the
percent of living coral cover and without recovery, the available space is colonized by sponges, soft
corals, and macroalgae. These alternative organisms are often competitive dominants in less than
ideal conditions (Norström et al. 2009). The transition is termed a phase–shift from ... Show more
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1993; Lirman 2001; Box & Mumby 2007), increased localized sedimentation (Nugues & Roberts
2003), interfering with the settlement of coral larvae through space preemption and/or biofilm
production (Birrell et al. 2005; Birrell et al. 2008; Box & Mumby 2007; Vermeij et al. 2009), and
allelopathy or chemically mediated competition (deNys et al. 1991, Morrow et al. 2011).
Macroalgae can cause physical stress (Quan–Young & Espinoza–Avalos 2006) decreased
photosynthetic abilities (Titlyanov et al. 2007), reduced fecundity (Foster et al. 2008), and harbor
potential coral pathogens (Nugues et al. 2004). The ability of macroalgae to competitively damage
stony corals also depends on the species of macroalgae (Maypa & Raymundo 2004; Birrell et al.
2008), and other compounding factors such as irradiance, sedimentation, dissolved nutrients, and
level of herbivory on the reef.
Over the past several decades the incidence of coral disease has increased, with striking correlation
to increasing macroalgal cover (Goreau et al. 1998; Harvell et al. 1999; Harvell 2004; Weil & Smith
2006). The enhanced need for disease research coupled with the massive advancements in molecular
techniques made the study of coral–associated microbes more efficient and less cost prohibitive.
Thus, we have recently recognized the significant role microorganisms play in the physiology of
both healthy and diseased corals. The term holobiont was coined to describe the dynamic
relationship
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20.
21. Best Weight Loss Pills Research Paper
Best weight loss pills for women Have you ever asked yourself this question: what are the best
weight loss pills for women? A lot of women have already asked themselves this question, and the
answer was not an easy to find. So many weight loss supplements on the market, so many women
want to lose weight, yet it's still all very confusing. When you add to this a fact that most of those
diet pills have side effects, the choice becomes even harder! But don't worry! I have prepared here
several important points for you to have in mind when looking for a weight loss pill: Ingredients
should be natural and without any dangerous components. Keep in mind that you should be using
real & unaltered form of main ingredient and not an extract (for example ... Show more content on
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For example a 6 months money back guarantee sounds very nice. Find out who the manufacturer is
and how long they have been around. You want company that has been around for at least several
years. How big is the user base of this diet pill? Of course, there should be many satisfied
customers. Try to search on various weight loss forums about this one. Medical evidence. Who
endorses this diet pill? Are they real doctors that honestly endorse a product or are they paid to say a
few good words about this product? Any medical research about effectiveness of a diet pill? Can
you actually download and see the actual research that has been performed on this diet pill or its
main ingredients? Also try to find out if a product has proper certification (for example Hoodia
Gordonii products must have CITES certificate, Organics Annex Certificate and Certificate of
Analysis). How much does it cost? The price of a diet pill is also an important factor. Keep in mind
that a good product comes with good price. Don't fall for "$9 for 60 pills" trap or similar. And don't
be afraid to pay a little more for good quality product. Ok, so let's see some suggestions for the most
effective diet pills for
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22.
23. The Outer Banks Of North Carolina
Out of all the places in the world to visit, one might consider the Outer Banks of North Carolina
with the vast grassy nature preserves to the warm sand between your fingers and toes. A good place
to be with me would be a week at the beach, a place of healing and relaxation. On the beach, you
can live in bliss. There are many beaches all over the world that people enjoy going to for different
reasons; however, the Outer Banks of North Carolina has vibrant beaches where people can enjoy
their vacations at any time of day.
Located about 330 miles south of New York City is the Outer Banks, there is much more to do than
just lay around on one of the many beautiful beaches. The Outer Banks are barrier islands off the
coast of the U.S. state of North Carolina, separating the Atlantic Ocean from the mainland. Their
open–sea beaches, state parks and shipwreck diving sites make them a popular holiday destination.
The Outer Banks is a 200–mile long string of narrow peninsulas and barrier islands off the coast of
North Carolina and a small part of Virginia, beginning in the southeastern corner of Virginia Beach
on the east coast of the United States.
Reasons to visit the Outer Banks, in North Carolina would be the gorgeous beach, the wild horses
and the views of the historic lighthouses. In North Carolina, when the fresh breeze in the air hits you
in the early morning, then it 's time to start the day. In the morning, the waves are slow and calm,
rolling in and out to the shore. The
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24.
25. Biology Folio Form Four
TECHNOLOGY USED IN FOOD PRODUCTION
The efforts by Various Agencies to Diversity Food Production
ULAM
Ulam or vegetable salad consists of fresh leaves , fruits , and other plant parts which are eaten raw .
Examples of ulam include :
pegaga ( Centella asiatica )
[pic]
shoots of papaya
[pic]
kacang botol
[pic]
petai ( Parkia speciosa )
[pic]
kemangi ( Ocimum sanctum )
[pic]
Ulam is rich in mineral ions , vitamins and fibre . some of these plants are used in the preparation of
herbal medicines and drinks .
FACTS ABOUT pegaga , jering and pucuk kaduk !
Pegaga is now recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an herb thought to generate
26. intelligence in children than can help blood circulation and improve skin health . ... Show more
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They are low in cholesterol . Examples of freshwater fish are :
Tilapia
[pic]
Jelawat
[pic]
Haruan
[pic]
Methods used to improve the quality and quantity of food production
DIRECT SEEDING
[pic]
Direct seeding spring cereal at Dewald's farm near Davenport , WA
Direct seeding is a method in which the seeds are shown directly into the soil by using special
machines . The seeds are covered with soil as they are being sown . This method does not involve
the transplanting of seedlings and therefore results in less damage to the roots of the seedlings . The
plants achieve faster growth and this increases crop yield . Less water is also needed to irrigate the
fields . This method is widely used in the planting of paddy to obtain higher yields of rice .
HYDROPHONIC
[pic]
Hydrophonics is a commercial technique for growing certain crop plants in culture solutions rather
than soil . The roots of the plants are immersed in a solution which contains all the macronutrients
and micronutrients in the correct proportions . The culture solution is aerated to provide sufficient
oxygen for respiration .
[pic]
THE HYDROPHONIC METHOD
The nutrient solution is pumped into the container for a given period of time . The growing medium
absorbs the nutrient solution , and the nutrient solution is then allowed to drain away .
THE NEW DESIGN OF HYDROPHONIC GARDEN
[pic]
29. Opuntia Littoralis Research Paper
Meghan Culp
Ethnobotany Essay
Dr. Piechnik
April 1, 2015
Medicinal Uses of Opuntia littoralis Some background information about the Coastal Prickly Pear
cactus is that it is found along the coast of California, United States. Looking at the plant you notice
flat teardrop shaped 'leaves', I'll call them. You also can see round, pear–shaped fruit on the ends of
these 'leaves'; this is how Opuntia littoralis gets its name.
The common name of the cactus is the coastal Prickly–Pear. The scientific name of the cactus is
Opuntia littorali. The family is Cactaceae and the genus is Opuntia. Also, the species is littoralis
(Zeratsky).
There are a lot of medical benefits to consuming the coastal prickly–pear cactus. Such has a
treatment for constipation,
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30.
31. Response Surface Optimization Of Treated Turbid Water...
RESPONSE SURFACE OPTIMIZATION OF TREATED TURBID WATER USING BANANA
STEM JUICE.
J. C. Agunwamba1 M. I. Aho2, M. B. Iorwua3 and M. T.Tiza4
1Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
nwambaagu@yahoo.com
2Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.
aho_ped@yahoo.com
3Post–Graduate student, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi,
Nigeria. iorwuabemmichael@gmail.com
4Post–Graduate student Department of Civil Engineering, Career Point University, Kota, India.
tizamichael@gmail.com ABSTRACT.
The effectiveness of banana stem juice as a natural coagulant for treatment of turbid water was
investigated. The main parameter studied was Turbidity. Coagulation experiments using jar test was
performed with a flocculation system where the effects of Turbid Water pH, Retention time as well
as Dosage of Banana Stem Juice on coagulation was examined. A Three Level Factorial Design in
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Design Expert software was applied in the model
analysis. Consequently, most of the actual and predicted values closely agreed with various
regression coefficients. The characteristics of the Turbid water was determined with TSS at 222
mg/L, turbidity at 143 NTU and COD at 89.36 mg/L, BOD at 44.68 mg/L, DO1 at 11.7 mg/L, DO5
at 6.93 mg/L, pH at 7, Temperature at 27.3°C. Turbidity reduction using Banana Stem Juice was
achieved at pH 6.5 with percentage
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32.
33. The Secret Of Buying The Perfect Flower For Different...
ARTCILE 1_ EASY FLOWER_ 03_05_17 Decode the Secret of Buying the Perfect Flower for
Different Zodiac Personalities Flowers are like the beautiful creation of God that can bring a smile
and inner happiness for any individual. Totally amazing and special! To get the fresh and delicate
flowers is through good flower delivery services. Fortunately, there are so many fabulous blooms we
are blessed with. So, it can be a little hard to choose, which ones to fill your home with or to give it
to others as a token of love. Be it a birthday, dinner date, anniversary, or any special day, flowers are
like the fresh and sweet breeze to charge the day with positive vibes. But, you don't know what to or
what not to buy for your special ones. Well, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They love scented flowers like roses, lilies, lavender, sweet william (Dianthus barbatus), sweet pea
flowers, and much more. A sweet smelling bouquet is the best choice for Taureans! GEMINI: May
21 – June 21 Geminis are known as deeply expressive and introspective personality. They love the
bold color and soft flowers such as acacia (mimosa, wattle), nut–bearing trees, solidago (goldenrod),
Solanum (Winter cherries), ranunculus, maidenhair fern (Addiantum), and daffodil. Tropical exotic
flowers are best for them. CANCER: June 22 – July 22 Cancerians are the sweetest and caring
personalities. Surely, true charmers. So, nothing could be better than white flowers to sweethearts
like them. You can buy Passionflower, Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus), Ammi (Queen Anne 's lace),
ferns, delphinium, plumbago, hydrangea, and iris flowers. LEO: July 23 – August 22 Those born
under this sign are known to be the most creative people. Their birth flower is a sunflower, which is
a cheerful and bright just like Leo's personality. There are various florists who are known for
offering some of the most exotics flowers. VIRGO: August 23 – September 23 They are friendly and
perfectionists personalities. Unsurprisingly, the flowers attributed to Virgo are small and tidy flowers
such as narcissus, buttercups, and chrysanthemums. LIBRA: September 24 – October 23 A Libran is
keen on balance, fair play and according to
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34.
35. Pre-Archaic Transition Questions
EXERCISE 1 PART I – TEHUACAN VALLEY Look over the write–up (pp 2–3) on the different
phases of the Tehuacán Valley sequence (10,000 BC – 900 BC), which includes the Archaic period
(8000 – 1600 BC). Take note of changes in diet, settlement location, and technology through each
phase of the Tehuacán Valley sequence, paying particular attention to the Archaic period. Do you see
any significant trends or patterns in how things changed? Answer the following questions. 1. Briefly
summarize the changes in diet during the pre–Archaic – Archaic transition period, i.e., Ajuereado
through Coxcatlan phases (1 point). The diet from pre–Archaic to Archaic transition period changed
from foraging towards a more collecting dieting and using domesticated ... Show more content on
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As the diet moved to the plant–based the decrease in meat consumption fell from 70% to 30%, also
the type of meat consumed changed from larger game towards smaller, starting with antelope and
deer towards smaller deer and rabbits 2. Briefly summarize the changes in settlement location (1
point). In the pre–Archaic period sites in Tehuacán valley were small with only one to two hearths.
during the transition to Archaic phase, the sites grew sites with three to four hearths some being
even larger with more hearths in the El Ringo phase. Also in this phase, it was noticed that the cave
sites contained little animal bone. This would be due to the move away from animal based diet to a
plant based one Finally, into the Coxcatlán Phase, site continue to grow and become more complex
and larger, but still having the smaller scale
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36.
37. Montana Plants & Native Americans Essay
Montnana Plants & Native Americans
Since the beginning of the human race mankind has depended on the natural resources in their
environment for survival. They utilized the available flora to nourish their body, heal their wounds,
comfort their ailments and to create products to ease their daily lives. Many of the same plants
utilized thousands of years ago by the indigenous people have been integrated into modern day
medicines. The scientific interest and knowledge of plants for nourishment, healing, and practical
uses is called ethnobotany.
The multiple use of plants used for nourishment, medicinal purposes and practical use were ignored
by Lewis and Clark during their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You can them mix it with any kind of tobacco. It gives it good flavor and makes it mild." The berries
of the Kinninnick plant stay on the bush throughout winter and were eaten raw or fried. Kootenia
Indians would fry them in a grease until they popped like popcorn .The Flathead Indians dried the
leaves and pound it into powder and used it in foods.
The leaves of the kinnikinnick has medicinal properties. Harvesting time is best on a fall morning.
The leaves hydroquinones and are a strong antibacterial for urinary tract infections.
Tea made from kinnikinnick was used for kidney, bladder, and chronic cystitis or urethritis. The tea
leaves were used as a salve for rashes, skin sores, and a mouthwash for cankers sores. It also was
used as an eyewash, and in poultice form an application to treat burns, back pain and rheumatism.
The Kinnikinnick plant is an evergreen shrub that has trailing multi branched woody stems. The
bark is scaly and are reddish. The leaves are round at the tip which taper at the base and are one–half
inches long. The flowers are a waxy pink and grow in clusters near the previous years branches. The
late summer fruit ripen into red berries that are smooth, shiny, and pea sized.
All information on the Kinnikinnick plant were derived from:
Hart, J. Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples. Helena, Montana. Montana Historical Society
Press,1992.
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38.
39. Utilization Of Water Ethical Issue
Hi Aldi and Jenna, I appreciate that you shared about different ethical and legal issues relating to
water as a resource. This is really an important point that if the State is inefficient in proper
utilization of water, Federal Government should either find some alternative for proper utilization of
water or declare State of Emergency. The argument strongly support different water ethics concept.
But, this might create a situation where it changes from ethical issue to the political issue. The whole
idea to implement this requires to work on certain prerequisites. Regulating the equivalent use of
water at domestic level is a major ethical issue. Agricultural sector and industries requires high level
of water per day as compared to domestic
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40.
41. Descriptive Essay On A Rooftop Trip
What is a cliché solution that people say when a person's level of stress is at an all time high? Get
back in touch with nature. But why? What does "getting in touch with nature" do? Is sitting on a
park bench watching the trees blow supposed to magically bring your heartrate down? How is a
person supposed to lay in a hammock when they can't relax enough to stop chewing their
fingernails? Occasionally however clichés are cliché for a reason: they work. Even though my
experience didn't involve a park bench or a hammock, it did seem to melt away all my problems
like, well, magic. The idea of visiting a rooftop garden did not sound overly exciting to me on that
Tuesday morning in early June. My eyelids were droopy and my mind was trying to find its way
through a fog, but I dragged my feet through the Roe Center hallways with my fellow Bridgers to
the roof of Roe. I was not quite sure what to expect from the trip, so I was going in completely blind
(both as far as thoughts go and due to the fact that the sunlight was reflecting off my glasses). When
the doors swung open, I was instantly enthralled by the views around me. Stepping out onto the
rooftop patio and into the morning sun was refreshing and my senses were overwhelmed by
everything around me. I kneeled down to get a closer look at the plants and was surprised to see just
how many different plants could live in harmony in such a small space. Most of them were short and
stubby grasses of green and brown, thin enough so
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