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South America - Andean Countries
1. Regions:
SOUTH
Brazil
Northern Tropics
Andean Countries
Southern Grasslands
AMERICA
2. Andean Countries
Mount Aconcagua (22,000’) is the tallest mountain in the The Andes
Western Hemisphere. Mountains are the
longest unbroken
mountain chain in the
world (5,500 miles
long and 500 miles
wide in places) and
second only to the
Himalayas in height.
Far Left: Cotapaxi (near Quito Ecuador)
Left: Chimborazo (tallest mountain in
Ecuador)
3. Andean Countries
The steep hillsides of the Andes Mountains are
conducive to growing different crops at different
altitudes.
A system of Vertical Trade has developed allowing goods grown
at higher altitudes to be traded with those from lower altitudes.
4. Andean Countries
Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile
The Andes Mountains split
this region into 3 distinct
environments:
Coastal Plain
Highlands
Tropical Lowland Forests The eastern slopes of the Andes give way to
Tropical Lowlands and the rain forests
of the Amazon River
Occupying the Coastal Plain of northern Chile, the Called the Selva
Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth
The Selva is home jaguars, monkeys, sloths
Winds blowing over the cold waters of the Peru
Current lose their moisture, and only dry air ever and toucans. However, this area is sparsely
reaches the land populated by humans
Because of the lack of moisture, perfectly preserved
relics are found here, including human mummies.
High plains between the cordilleras of the
Andes (6000’-16,000’)
Called the Altiplano (high plain)
5. Andean Countries - Ecuador
Capital - Quito
high town (9,000’) nestled between 2 Andean cordilleros
The EQUATOR runs through the country
Andean Culture
The Galapagos Islands
7. Andean Countries - Ecuador
Population
13 million
25% are of Indian (Andean)
descent; native language is Quechua; 50% are Mestizo
live in highlands and practice
subsistence farming.
10 % are of European descent and
own most large farms and
plantations, and have the most
political influence
8. Andean Countries - Peru
Capital - Lima
a coastal city
Center of the Ancient
Incan Empire
10. Andean Countries - Peru
Population
29 million
Nearly 50% are native (Andean) and
speak Quechua
Most of the rest are Mestizo who live in
urban areas or work for low wages in
factories that produce fish meal or animal
food or on plantations that grow sugar cane,
cotton or rice.
A small population of European descendants
own most factories and farm and retain most
of the political influence.
11. Andean Countries - Bolivia
named after Simon Bolivar who led a
revolution to overthrow Spanish rule in the early 1800s
Bolivia is a land-locked country of 10 million, most of Andean descent with
a varied climate - humid/tropical to cold/semi-arid
Capital - La Paz Lake Titicaca
(seat of government) The world’s highest navigatable lake at 12,500’
world’s highest capital at 12,000 feet
Also Capital - Sucre
(constitutional capital)
13. Andean Countries - Chile
name means “the end of the land”
Interesting Geography
Country is 2400 miles long but only
averages about 100 miles wide.
Capital
Santiago
Chile includes the island of Rapa Nui, also known as Easter Island.
14. Andean Countries - Chile
name means “the end of the land”
Population - 15 million
most live in the Central Valley, a fertile region of river
basins between the coast and the Andes Mountains
25 % are of European descent
(Spanish, British and German)
66% are mestizo
unlike other South American countries, there are
relatively few natives
