This document discusses different types of test items used in nursing education, including short-answer and essay questions. Short-answer items include fill-in-the-blank and completion questions that test for factual information. When writing short-answer items, the question should require a single unique answer. Essay items require students to develop their own answers and can test higher-level learning. Essay items can be restricted-response or extended-response. Scoring of essay items should be done anonymously using rubrics or ideal answers to ensure reliability and validity of scoring.