Observation Of Body Posture And Motion Essay

Observation Of Body Posture And Motion Essay
Abstract– In this paper, remembrance of body posture and motion is an important physiological function that can keep the body in balance and give the
confidence to person. There are many man–made motion sensors have also been widely applied in biomedical applications including diagnosis of
balance disorders and evaluation of energy outlay, calories consumption calculation. This paper reviews sensing components utilized for body motion
measurement. The working principles of a natural body motion sensor, pulse rate of heart, are first described. Here various components like
accelerometer, pulse rate sensor, ARM10 are then elaborated based on their characteristic sensing mechanisms. In this paper by introducing small,
low cost, better sensors with a wireless network, the novel project aim to provide a path towards more independent living for all kind of people and
play important role in basic research as well as hospital diagnosis.
Index Terms–Accelerometer, Pulse rate sensor, ARM10 microcontroller.
I.INTRODUCTION
When the body motion is derived then movement of multiple feature points attached on the body. Likewise there are many factors which are
responsible for human body posture. In society there are many cases which suffer from imbalance, negative attitude towards weight gain [1]. We know
that every person having different body index, according to that every one hopes that he or she will be fine and better body posture in society. Motion
sensing is a critical sensing
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Audio Authentication Essay
CHAPTER TWO
LITRATURE SURVEY
[1] Paulo Max G. I. Reis (2017) et al present that Audio authentication is an essential project in multimedia forensics stressful strong techniques to hit
upon and identify tampered audio recordings. In this text, a brand new method to detect adulterations in audio recordings is proposed by exploiting
odd versions inside the Electrical Network Frequency (ENF) signal in the end embedded in a questioned audio recording. These unusual versions are
due to abrupt segment discontinuities because of insertions and suppressions of audio snippets during the tampering task. First, we recommend an
ESPRIT–Hilbert ENF estimator alongside an outlier detector based at the sample kurtosis of the anticipated ENF. Next, we use... Show more content on
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Authors proposed a synchronization tech unique to recover geometrically attacked image via. Detection of desired image corner.
38
[4] Sayyed Mohammad Hosseini (2016) et. al. present that In this paper a new method for detection of camera tampering is proposed. Some examples
for camera tampering are: shaking the camera, movement of the camera, occlusion, and rotation of the camera. The tampering may be intentional or
unintentional. In the proposed algorithm, in addition to detection of the exact nature of tampering, the exact amount of tampering also can be detected
(i.e. the amount and direction of movement). This will help operator in diction making for management in surveillance system. The proposed algorithm
detect the shaking using current and previous frames, as well as by constructing a total background based on all frames and building a temporary
background based on last 10 frames. The proposed method employs the SURF feature detector to find interest points in both of two backgrounds and
compare and match them using MSAC algorithm. The transformation matrix can be obtained to detect the camera movement; camera image zoom and
camera rotate. Finally, using the method sobel edge detection the camera occlusion and defocus can be detected. The method also detect the sudden shut
downs in camera or

Examples Of Signal Detection Theory
S. S. Stevens, who was considered the World's first Professor of Psychophysics, proposed the Signal Detection Theory. The basic premise of this
theory states that perception is not a matter of sensitivity, but considered in terms of the environment in which the event occurred. Two critical
components of the Signal Detection Theory includes signal, which is considered as the desired "stimulus", and noise, which is the undesired
"stimulus", or the events in the environment. Within a signal detection task, there are in total four possibilities or outcomes. These outcomes depend
on the presences of a stimulus as well as a "yes" or "no" response. If the stimulus is present and the response is "yes", then the task outcome would
be considered a hit. If the stimulus is absent and the response is "yes", then the task outcome would be considered a "false alarm". If the stimulus is
present and the response is "no", then the task outcome would be considered a "miss". Lastly, if the stimulus is absent and the response is "yes", then
the task outcome would be considered a "correct rejection".... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sensitivity involves the intensity of the stimulus and the ability of the observers. It is defined by a sensitivity index, which is the function of the
strength of the signal. Sensory criterion, on the other hand, is defined as Decision Point or Response Bias–tendency to respond in a particular manner.
This depends on the expectation of signal and the observer's motivation. These components are expressed by "Receiver Operating Characteristics"
(ROC) curves, which d' is a value defining the amount of overlap between noise and stimulus. The larger the d' value, the more likely one is going to
detect the stimulus

A Research On Biometrics And Wireless Technique
Abstract– The main purpose of the paper is assembling and developing an iris recognition system in order to verify uniqueness of the human eye of
faculty in a college for attendance management system. This system based on biometrics and wireless technique solves the problem of spurious
attendance and the trouble of laying the corresponding network. Here biometric recognition is performed with respect to iris because of its unique
biological properties. The iris is unaffected by external environmental factors and remains stable over time. It can make the college staff attendance
management more easy and effective. This paper includes image acquisition, the preprocessing system, segmentation, feature extraction and recognition.
Keywords– Iris recognition; preprocessing system; segmentation; feature extraction.
I.INTRODUCTION
Traditionally college staff attendance management methods were based on physical key, ID card, password, etc. In all the above mentioned methods
there are high chances of keys getting lost, forgery or passwords may be forgotten. Due to these shortcomings and requirement for high level of
security have led to development of personal identification on next level using biometrics. Biometrics refers to metrics related to human characteristics.
It is used to identify individuals in a group that ae under surveillance. Within few seconds biometric recognition is able to compare thousands of
records. Biometrics are of various kinds. Iris, facial, fingerprint

Bottom-Up Processing
Curious about how your brain processes incoming signals sent from all the sensory organs? There are two ways in which the brain processes signals:
top–down and bottom–up processing. Top–down processing takes place when the brain only focuses on target signals and prior knowledge. Bottom–up
processing takes place when the brain perceives all incoming signals and combines each part into the total entity. The assumption has been presented
that distractor interference is a byproduct of the attention and a bottom–up process, but not a top–down process. Distractors are defined as noises in the
environment that makes it harder to detect the target signal. This research examined this assumption through an experimental process using letters and
digits ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This also supports another point from the lecture. It is harder to confirm evidence but easier to eliminate alternative explanations (Psych 240 lecture, 9
/07/16). Here, the researchers, based on their current results, could only infer that the top–down processing affects both target and distractor. There
could be other speculations that propose alternate explanations for findings in the future. Currently, this research study has provided enough evidence
to eliminate alternative explanations that the interactions are due to the change in category. The second experiment changed the font to show the
distinct differences between S, 5 and O, 0 and the results demonstrated the effect of incongruency was significant in both letters and

A Lie In Pamela Meyer's Ted Talk
A lie is defined as a false statement made with deliberate intent to deceive; an intentional untruth; a falsehood. Why do people lie? What is the point
of lying? How can liars be spotted? With the help of Pamela Meyer, these questions were able to be answered.
The two points and statements that I found the most interesting that Meyer made during her "Ted Talk" was that 1 in every 10 interactions with a
spouse. Also, one in every five interactions that college students have with their mom has a lie. I do not understand how this number is that high. Your
spouse is supposed to be the person that you love the most and can be truthful about everything with. Many married couples state in their vows that
they would never lie to each other. That itself

Radar Intrusion Detection System ( Ids )
пѓ INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM (IDS): The IDS is a type of security management system for computers and networks. It gathers and analyzes
the information from different areas within the computer or a network in order to identify possible security threats, which may include both intrusions
and misuse[[98] , [99]]. It is installed between the firewall and personal computer or server as shown in figure 7. The moment the IDS detects the
attacks, an alarm is produced that informs the user of the undergoing attacks. It has three core parts– packet sniffing, detection and reporting.
Figure 7: Intrusion Detection System
According to the method of detection , IDS can be divided into: Anomaly and Misuse based detection. After the construction of the normal pattern the
data is classified into attacked data if it doesn't belong to normal data. Misused detection is used to detect the attacks in different ways. Anomaly based
detection often has high false alarm rate due to the changeful attack patterns. Its accuracy rate is low as compared to the Misuse based detection .The
accuracy rate of misuse based detection is high because the

Spectrum Scarcity Problem Of Wide Band
Abstract– Spectrum scarcity problems happen due to the spread of various wireless devices and technologies engaging static frequency access and to
cope up with this demand, Cognitive Radio is a solution of enormous outlook. This article discusses spectrum scarcity problem in wide band. To solve
high sampling rate problems in wide band, compressive sensing is done here.A wide band signal is passed through fading channels and then it is
estimated using в„“1 magic technique. Then receiver–operating characteristic curve of the evaluated signal is estimated.
Keywords: Fading channel,в„“1 magic technique, receiver–operating characteristic curve.
I.INTRODUCTION The expanding demand for wireless affinity and current congestion of unlicensed spectra has pushed the authoritative agencies to
be more hopeful in providing new paths to adopt spectra [1]. The reason behind this is the increasing interest of consumers in wireless services which
in turn is driving the evolution of wireless networks toward high–speed data networks [2]. The traditional path to spectrum management is very
immutable because each operator is acknowledged an exclusive license to operate in a certain frequency band. Though, with most of the useful radio
spectrum already designated, it is becoming enormously tough to find unfilled bands to either utilize new services or strengthen existing ones [3].
Main theme of the complete operation of Cognitive Radio (CR) systems

Feature Extraction : The Third Stage Of Medical Image...
II FEATURE EXTRACTION Feature extraction is the third stage in medical image processing application, after image pre–processing. In feature
extraction, the features like the shape, colour, texture are used to describe an image content[bio2].features can be short relevance or strong relevant
ones. Short relevant features give only little information about the image, while strong relevant features provide significant information about the
image. Finding these strong relevant features are time consuming and hence good techniques has to be developed. 2.1 Problems associated with feature
extraction Finding meaningful feature are important step because of the following reasons(a)it is important to find all the relevant features from the
various sub features which is time consuming.(b)every feature is meaningful with certain discriminations (c) It is not good to include too much
features which can worsen the performance of image classification A good feature contains information which distinguish one object from other
object[feature2]. A good feature has certain characteristics which are as follows: * perceptually important (as to humans) *Logically extraordinary (eg.
maxima) *Identifiable on different images *Invariant to certain type of changes *insensitive to changes Features are generally classified as : general
features ,which are independent features like colour,texture ,shape. Domain specific features which are independent features ,like human

Automation and Intelligence Have Changed Agriculture
Agricultural production has increased manifold due to the advent of automation and intelligence in various stages of a crop's life cycle. Introduction of
such processes has led to a significant increase in the output and reduction in the costs incurred in manual labour and other farm equipment. A scheme
where machine vision is implemented can be used to perceive the position of a fruit for harvesting. This technology has been used to develop both
land and aerial based systems for fruit detection and harvesting. Machine vision in harvesting is broadly based on visual cues and properties of fruit.
Machine vision based systems have an advantage as apart from recognition of colour, texture and shape of any object, numerical points for the object
are also defined.
The aim of fruit detection is characterized by the following desirable outcomes:
1.Detection of each distinct fruit.
2.Discrimination of the detected fruit from the other parts of the foliage.
3.Localisation of the fruit.
Since its implementation to crop harvesting and other agricultural practices, a lot of attention has been given to development in machine vision systems
to achieve the abovementioned outcomes. But, all of it has been limited to the field of research with very little commercial outlook. Though, research
outcomes may look bleak, it is a well–accepted fact that to achieve very good incidences of fruit detection a robust machine vision system is essential.
This in turn will develop into a robot

Performance Evaluation Of Biometric Verification Systems
3.5.4 Performance Evaluation The performance of biometric verification systems is typically described based on terms; the false accept rate
(FAR) and a corresponding false reject rate (FRR). A false acceptance occurs when the system allows an forger's sign is accepted. A false reject
ratio represents a valid user is rejected from gaining access to the system. These two errors are directly correlated, where a change in one of the
rates will inversely affect the other. A common alternative to describe the performance of system is to calculate the equal error rate (EER). EER
corresponds to the point where the false accept and false reject rates are equal. In order to visually comment the performance of a biometric system,
receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are drawn. Biometric systems generate matching scores that represent how similar (or dissimilar) the
input is compared with the stored template. This score is compared with a threshold to make the decision of rejecting or accepting the user. The
threshold value can be changed in order to obtain various FAR and FRR combinations. 3.6 Preference of Offline Signature Verification 3.6.1 Offline
(Dynamic): The signatures captured by data acquisition technique (Matlab Tool), includes the use of similar device like pressure–sensitive tablets. The
webcam that extract dynamic features of a signature in addition to its shape (static), it can be used in real time applications like credit card transactions,
protection of

Spotting A Liar Rhetorical Analysis
From viewing Pamela Meyers's video about how to spot liars, I have learned several tips that would help me identify whether a person is lying or
not lying. The two main ideas to spotting a liar is by body language and by speech. These two points are essential in the way a person expresses
themselves, and how they speak for themselves. According to Pamela Meyers, everyone has lied once before whether they were aware or unaware of
it. I agree that every person has lied once in their life, but I think it depends on the situation that they were put in, which may have been the cause that
made them commit a lie. This video relates to Business Communications since people are supposed to use a clear sense of expression when
communicating with other people through a professional business situation.
In my opinion, people are easier to be profiled by their usage of vocals depending on their pitch, grammar, speed, and clarity. Although body
language provides visual aid, and a faster depiction of identifying a person who may or may not be lying, it does not help all the time since body
language can be adjusted or it could be mistaken for a different meaning. In example of this, when I lie, the only thing that is super obvious and a total
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I confronted her to return the item, since I knew she had taken it. She avoided looking me in the eye, and she kept stuttering through her words.
When I asked her once more, the lady dashed to the door and left. Another experience of mine happened when I was still young. I was waiting all
day to celebrate my big birthday, but I had gotten so tired of waiting that I fell asleep. When I awoke, it was past ten at night and I was angry that
there was still no cake. I asked my parents, but they were avoiding eye contact and said that they had forgotten. When I kept trying to ask, they would
run the other way. After all of that, I got a big surprise with a yummy

Change Blindness And Its Effects On Blindness
Many studies and experiments have been conducted to explain why change blindness occurs and in what situations is change blindness more likely to
occur. Literature on change blindness is quite extensive, as it is an emerging area in psychology. A number of researchers have conducted experiments
into the key areas where change blindness has been found to cause consequential outcomes. These areas include the effects of change blindness on eye
witness testimonies, driving ability, and effects on autism. Literature on change blindness places an emphasis on methodology and this literature
review will focus primarily on this. According to Simons & Levin (1998) change blindness is the phenomenon that occurs when a person fails to detect
large changes between one viewed scene and another. Recent studies show similar findings and evidence as to the original literature into change
blindness. As stated by Rensink, 2002 (as cited in Davies & Hone, 2007), change blindness has been the subject of intensive research in recent years
beginning with studies in which researchers manipulated the content of abstract scenes.
Researchers do differ on their perspectives on change blindness depending upon their method approach and background or field; however literature is
largely in an agreed consensus as to what change blindness is and its effects on attention. Change blindness is studied by using the methodology of
change detection, which is where participants are shown two stimuli that are

Rectification Of Cameras Captured Documents Images For...
Rectification of camera captured document images for Camera–based OCR technology Abstract Due to the rapid progress in digital cameras industry,
camera captured documents becomes as another possibility or choice for document capturing and understanding for OCR applications. However, image
quality degradations arising from the image acquisition process have severe effect on these applications. The distortion results from digital camera may
take the shape of skew, perspective distortion or geometric distortion. We propose fully automatic preprocessing techniques to enhance the digital
camera captured images to improve the performance of OCR applications. Our algorithms depend on the features of the text lines and letters and do not
need any especial equipment. Experimental results on a real camera captured images demonstrate 10~15 % enhancement in current commercial OCR
packages. 1.Introduction Textual content in books, newspapers and articles have been traditionally digitized using scanners and read with the help of
optical character recognition (OCR). Recent technical advances in digital cameras have led the OCR community to consider using them instead of
scanners for document capture. Compared with the scanner, the digital camera is quite easier to use, being able to capture images from any viewpoint.
Cameras can be easily integrated with portable computing devices such as PDAs, cell phones, or media players. Together, these factors contribute to
the growing interest

A Hybrid Theory Of Power Theft Detection
A HYBRID APPROACH TO POWER THEFT DETECTION Abstract:
– Now a day's electricity theft is a major issue face by all electricity companies.
Since electricity theft directly affect the profit made by electricity companies, detection and prevention of electricity theft is necessary. In this paper we
are proposing a hybrid approach to detect the electricity theft. We will use SVM and ELM for our approach. Introduction:– As we know electricity theft
is a major problem for all electricity companies. This problem is not related to Indian companies only; other country's electricity companies also face
this problem. Electricity companies losses money every year due to theft. There are two types of losses namely transmission loss and non–transmission
loss, some research papers uses term technical loss and non–technical loss respectively. Transmission loss occurs while transmitting energy form
generation side to consumer's side. Non–Transmission losses occur due to wrong billing, false meter reading, electricity theft, etc. First two losses can
be prevented by taking proper meter reading and calculating accurate bill for electricity consume, but electricity theft is hard to prevent since no one
predict about which consumer is honest or dishonest. Still losses due to electricity theft can be reduce by detecting theft or fraud consumer and taking
actions accordingly. Figure 1. Ration of Electricity losses [1] Theft detection is done manually by inspecting consumers. This is

Corner Detection Are Useful for Computer Vision...
Corner detection and its parameters: position, model and orientation are useful for many computer vision applications, such as object recognition,
matching, segmentation, 3D reconstruction, motion estimation [2, 3, 4, 34.] indexing, retrieval, robot navigation and in our case edge tracking from
geometry design. This need has driven the development of a large number of corner detectors [1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.]. Other methods forcorner
detection are described in [14, 15]. These detectors compete with each other in terms of precision localization, accuracy, speed, and information they
provide. Model classification and orientation are the most interest information needed in process of edge tracking.
For some of these approaches, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Corner strength has been п¬Ѓrst deп¬Ѓned by Noble [12] from which a slightly diп¬Ђerent version has been proposed by Harris and Stephen [11]: (1.2)
The role of the parameter k is to remove sensitivity to strong edges.
The Plessey operator uses estimates of the variance of the gradient of an image in a set of overlapping neighborhoods. This detector, which produced
much interest, was extended by including local gray–level invariants based on combinations of Gaussian derivatives [17].
One of the earliest detectors [16], which was based on the Moravec operator, deп¬Ѓnes corners to be local extrema in the determinant of the Hessian
Matix, H=M.
The Kitchen and Rosenfeld operator [5] uses an analysis of the curvature of the grey–level variety of an image. The SUSAN operator [18] uses a form
of grey–level moment that is designed to detect V– corners, and which is applied to other model of corner.
The earlier Forstner [22] algorithm is easily explained in terms of H (Hessian Matrix). For a more recently proposed detector [20], it has been shown
[21] that under afп¬Ѓne motion, it is better to use the smallest eigenvalue of H as the corner strength function.
Recently, George Azzopardi and Nicolai Petkov [36] propose a trainable filter which we call Combination Of Shifted FIlter REsponses (COSFIRE) and
use for keypoint detection and pattern recognition.
2)Contour based methods
These methods extract contours and then

Document Images Are Acquired By Scanning Journal
Document images are acquired by scanning journal, printed document, degraded document images, handwritten historical document, and book cover
etc. The text may appear in a virtually unlimited number of fonts, style, alignment, size, shapes, colors, etc. Extraction of text from text document
images and from complex color background is difficult due to complexity of the background and mix up of colors of fore–ground text with colors of
background. In this section, we present the main ideas and details of the proposed algorithm. Implementation of any system needs the study of features,
it may be symbolic, numerical or both. An example of a symbolic feature is color; an example of numerical feature is weight. Features may also result
from applying a text extraction algorithm or operator to the input data. The related problems of feature selection and feature extraction must be
addressed at the outset of any text recognition system design. The key is to choose and to extract features that are computationally feasible and reduce
the problem data into a manageable amount of information without discarding valuable information. Different methods used for text extraction from
document images (as shown in fig. 1) include: A.Feature Extraction Feature extraction involves the extracting the meaningful information from the
document image. The features are classified in to Global features and Local features. Features that are extracted from whole image are known as the
global features

Security Controls And The Utilization Of Technical And...
3.4.1 Control Methods
Security controls include the utilization of technical and nontechnical strategies (NIST, 2002). Technical controls are protections that are consolidated
into PC hardware, programming, or firmware such as access control mechanisms, ID, encryption techniques and intrusion detection program or
software). Nontechnical controls on the other hand are administration and operational controls that includes security approaches; operational
methodology; and physical and environmental security NIST, 2002). SunTrust Bank should implement technical controls with respect to how
information and data are being encrypted, what program is being utilized to identify any intrusion to their network and system and how customers
/clients are being verified. Concerning nontechnical control, SunTrust administration should provide appropriate security controls for every resources
and assets in the organization.
3.4.2 Control Categories
NIST classified both technical and nontechnical control techniques as either preventive or detective. Preventive controls restrain attempts by the
attackers to damage security strategy and policy such as access control authorization, encryption, and validation (NIST, 2002). Detective controls,
however, should caution of "violation or attempted violations of security such as audit trails, intrusion detection methods, and checksums" NIST 2002,
p.20). Hence, SunTrust bank should endeavor to enhance their intrusion detection system or IDS for

Horus The Sun God Research Paper
1
He Loves You
"I gotta tell you the truth. When it comes to bullshit... big time, major–league, bullshit you have to stand in awe. Of the all time champion of false
promises and the exaggerated claims... religion, no contest. Religion easily has the greatest bullshit story ever told. Think about it. Religion has
actually convinced people... that there's an invisible man... living in the sky. Who watches everything you do, every minute or every day. And the
invisible man has a special list of ten things he does not want you to do. And if you do any of these ten things he has a special place full of fire and
smoke and burning and torture and anguish where he will send you to live to suffer and burn and choke and scream and cry forever and ever til' ... Show
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Horus is obviously another anthropomorphized figure. Horus' life is a long list of myths that are strongly connected with the sun's movement in
the sky. Horus being known as the solar messiah (Or light) had an enemy known as Set. Set was represented the symbolism of the dark (Or night).
Horus and Set would battle every day. Horus would defeat Set every morning while Set would overthrow Horus in the evening sending him into
the underworld. Dark vs. light (Good vs. evil) has been one of the most used mythological duals ever known to man and is still used to this day on
many levels. Horus was born on December 25th of the virgin Isis (Mary). His birth was accompanied by the star in the east, three kings followed to
locate and adorn the newborn savior. He was a teacher at the age of twelve, at the age of 30 he was baptized by the figure known as Adup, beginning
his ministry. He had 12 disciples he traveled with while performing miracles such as healing the sick and walking on water. Horus was given many
names such as the Truth, the Light, God's Anointed Son, the Good Shepherd, and the Lamb Of God. After he was betrayed by Typhon he was
crucified on the cross for 3 days and then resurrected. Sound familiar? This story spans onto many other infamous gods of many other different
cultures such as Attis (Frigia, Greece) 1200 B.C, Krishna (India) 900 B.C, Dionysus (Greece) 500 B.C, Mithra (Persia) 1200 B.C. The list of these
different god's with same story goes on, and on, and on, leading us to the most recent solar messiah today, the Truth, the Light, God's Anointed Son, the
Good Shepherd, God's Sun, the Light Of The World, the Savior Of Humankind... Jesus

Fabrication Lies In Propaganda
There are many types of lies. The numerous kinds helps one to describe a specific sort with only a few words. This paper will examine more closely
one of these types, a fabrication. More precisely fabrication lies and their presence in propaganda, such as in a pamphlet produced by "The Flying
Squadrons of Speakers".
Fabrication lies are most clearly defined as lies that could be true, but the one who states them is not basing them on any real direct knowledge, they
may also be a falsification of the truth in a plausible way (1). What makes fabrication lies so interesting then, is that if the fabrication is in actuality an
accurate statement then the one who stated the fabrication is not in fact lying despite their intent to mislead. The definition ... Show more content on
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The Flying Squadron of Speakers (FSS) was an organization of citizens formed after the First World War to promote "The American way" through
oratory propaganda. In this paper a pamphlet produced by the FSS to attract new members will be analyzed. The most titillating aspect of this
pamphlet is that it is essentially a propaganda piece promoting the need for more propaganda. Its xenophobic pages concentrate on reminding its
readers that the immigrant must learn how to be an American, and that propaganda is the best way to do so.
The pamphlets most repeated fabrication is that all foreigners that have arrived on the shores of America are completely ignorant of the way of the
American, and thus sow
Anti–Americanisms, in particular Bolshevism and Communism (3, pg. 5). There can be no doubt that some immigrants did do this, but to imply that
all did is simply inaccurate, a twisted but still plausible to those panicked enough, take on reality. This example could also be classified as an
exaggeration lie, however because no evidence is cited to support the claim on the part of the FSS, it is clear that this statement was made without any
true knowledge of the situation, allowing this statement to also fall under the category of falsification. In contradiction to this claim only 0.038 percent
of the population was a member of the Socialist Party of America in 1919 when this pamphlet was published (4), (5). One could hardly claim that this
was an impending revolution as the FSS does. This suggests that the claims being made in this pamphlet are uneducated, without any tangible base in
the reality of the

Roadside Construction Essay
Abstract
Due to the growing population and overly congested roadways, numerous of the roadside construction sites occur at night to reduce the problems of
traffic. These sites have continually shown problems caused by their unnatural lighting solutions. The essential problem brought to attention is that of
safety, caused by the poor vision, bright lights, shadows, and the glare created by the current lighting types being used. While looking at these different
forms of lighting, one will be able to see and understand which the best permanent solution for roadside construction is. Portable Towers, Balloon
Lighting, Headlights, Droplights/Floodlights will all be looked at as possible solutions, as well as the advantages and disadvantages ... Show more
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According to the Signal Detection Theory (SDT), in these events, I would be considered a miss. (Foley, 2010) I am driving through and because the
lighting is so strong or so poor, I miss the workers instructions and sometimes even the workers themselves. I also have seen sites where I can see
the workers fine but it seems like they cannot see the vehicles approaching, which will also be considered a miss according to the SDT, (Foley,
2010) which can be warning signs for a possible future serious accident and exponential problems. When one cannot see the workers instructions
clearly, it is very easy to mistake what they say, thus causing a false alarm. (Foley, 2010) According to the SDT, in this case would be a mistake what
you see or hear on the roadside due to the poor lighting conditions (Physical Stimulus) that cause one to perceive something incorrectly. (Foley, 2010)
The problem we are looking at now is the insufficient amount of lighting on roadside construction sites. Most of the time these construction sites have
workers working late at night well into the early morning, (Huckabee, 2009) which in this case is an example of top down processing. (Foley, 2010)
The physical stimulus, which is the lighting issue, is not sufficient to determine the perception of the light. The mental factors play an essential

Essay on Deception
Deception According to Hyman (1989) deception implies that an agent acts or speaks so as to induce a false belief in a target or victim. Deception
can occur in everyday life. Whether it is telling someone they look nice or not telling them that they look fat. This is an important process for
forming relationships and general social interaction. However, although this is useful for social interaction, it is a serious problem in other areas.
Deception can be a problem when people actively deceive in job applications, giving evidence and in court. Being able to detect whether a person is
lying or... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Police officers). A recent study by Mann, Vrij and Bull (2004) showed that when shown videotapes of real–life lies and truths and found that the
officers had an accuracy of 65%. This was found to be better than lab studies using, normal (non–trained) participants. Additionally, accuracy was
negatively correlated with popular stereotypical cues such as gaze aversion and fidgeting. However, although this suggests that human lie detection is
fairly accurate, earlier research has found the opposite. According to Wallace (1999), psychological research on deception shows that most of us are
poor judges of truthfulness. One may assume that this only applies to only ordinary people and not professionals. However further research shows that
'this applies to professionals such as police and custom inspectors, whose jobs are supposed to include some expertise at lie detection' (Wallace, 1999).
An early study by Kraut and Poe (1980) that custom inspectors showed accuracy scores rarely exceed 65% where 50% is the chance level. A later
study by Kohnken (1987) showed that police officers performed no better than chance when judging the truthfulness of witness statements (on video).
Furthermore, it was found that the more confident the officer was of their judgement, the more likely they were wrong. This

Classification Of Samples For Tds
Classification of samples for TDS
Prior to the sample analysis, 841 samples were collected from selling agricultural, animal, and aquatic products, and their processed form in markets of
nine major cities were classified with nonfat liquid, nonfat solid, fat liquid, fat solid, lipoprotein liquid and alcoholic liquid following the matrix and
figuration using food and nutrient data system of the ministry food and drug safety. The classified results are listed in table 1.
Method validation
The analytical method of 3–MCPD and 1,3–DCP was validated using linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The LOD
and LOQ was determined by the Equations LOD = 3.14 * Пѓ and LOQ = 10 * Пѓ, where Пѓ is the standard deviation of the specific sample spiked
standard solution. Moreover, the accuracy and precision (inter, intra–day) for the samples were determined.
The method validation results for the 3–MCPD analytical method were evaluated as follow. The LODs of 3–MCPD in various matrices ranged from
4.18 to 10.56 ng g–1. Moreover, the accuracy and precision were found to be ~90.38–122.46%, ~1.89–25.22% relative standard deviation (RSD),
respectively. In contrast, the LODs of 1,3–DCP following matrices were found to be the ~1.06–3.15 ng g–1. The accuracy and precision were
determined as ~91.24–113.40 and ~1.42–10.58% RSD. Meanwhile, all the3–MCPD and 1,3–DCP calibration curves in diverse matrices have higher
linearity than 0.99.
Determination of 3–MCPD and

Predictive Analytics : The Use Of Data Science For...
Essay Introduction To compete effectively in an era in which advantages are ephemeral, companies need to move beyond historical, rear–view
understandings of business performance and customer behavior and become more proactive(tableau). Predictive Analytics is the use of data science for
audience profiling. Generic audience profiling involves determining specific characteristics of your target audience and creating specific personas to
represent each type of person within your target audience. Predictive analytics is essentially the same process, but from a data perspective (koozai).
Predictive analytics can be used in wide areas in the industry, it's importance is not constrained to a particular domain and ranges from marketing,
telecommunication, retail, banking, etc. For example, the telecommunication industry has noticed a high customer churn since the switching costs are
slim to none. So telecommunication companies operating in this industry are looking for new ways to differentiate themselves from competitors in
order to retain customers. By using predictive analytics as a solution to this problem, they would be able to understand the customer needs,
requirements and retain them also allowing them to acquire new ones more effectively. With predictive analytics, companies can predict trends,
understand customers, improve business, drive strategic decision making and predict behavior. A company named Cox Communications, the third
largest cable entertainment and broadband

Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory: Early Detection Of...
Learning theory: I would use Bandura's "Social Cognitive Theory". He focuses on the acquisition of behaviors. He believes that people acquire
behaviors through the observation of others, then imitate what they have observed". (Moore, A., 1999). The theory also states that, people learn from
one another through observation, imitation, and modeling in a social setting. Teaching breast self–examination to a group of women in a gynecology
clinic class is perfect setting to apply Bandura's social learning theory. At first, I will teach them how important it is to do the self–breast exam in early
detection of breast cancer. Since breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women in the United States, early detection will increase

Segmentation And The Domain Independent Partitioning Of An...
Segmentation The important aim of image segmentation is the domain independent partitioning of an image into a set of disjoint regions that can be
visually differentiated, homogeneous and meaningful with respect to some characteristics or computed property such as grey level, texture or colour
to enable easy image analysis. Image segmentation is a useful tool in many realms including industry, health care, astronomy, and various other fields.
Segmentation in concept is a very simple idea. Simply looking at an image, one can tell what regions are contained in a picture. Is it a building, a
person, a cell, or just simply background? Visually it is very easy to determine what a region of interest is and what is not. Doing so with a computer
algorithm on the other hand is not so easy. How do you determine what defines a region? What features distinguish one region from another? What
determines how many regions you have in a given image? Discontinuity and similarity/homogeneity are two basic properties of the pixels in relation to
their local neighbourhood used in many segmentation methods. The segmentation methods that are based on discontinuity property of pixels are
considered as boundary or edges based techniques and that are based on similarity or homogeneity are region based techniques. We have intentionally
separated thresholding technique from region based due the usage of histogram and its simplicity. A lot of limitations are faced while applying
segmentation namely:

Face Recognition Using Orthogonal Locality Preserving...
FACE RECOGNITION USING ORTHOGONAL LOCALITY PRESERVING PROJECTIONS.
Dr. Ravish R SinghRonak K KhandelwalManoj Chavan
Academic AdvisorEXTC Engineering EXTC EngineeringThakur Educational TrustL.R.Tiwari COEThakur COE
Mumbai, India.Mumbai,India.Mumbai, India.ravishrsingh@yahoo.com ronakkhandelwal2804@gmail.comprof.manoj@gmail.com
Abstract: In this paper a hybrid technique is used for determining the face from an image. Face detection is one of the tedious job to achieve with very
high accuracy. In this paper we proposed a method that combines two techniques that is Orthogonal Laplacianface (OLPP) and Particle Swarm
Optimization (PSO). The formula for the OLPP relies on the Locality Preserving Projection (LPP) formula, which aims at п¬Ѓnding a linear
approximation to the Eigen functions of the astronomer Beltrami operator on the face manifold. However, LPP is non–orthogonal and this makes it
difficult to reconstruct the information. When the set of features is found by the OLPP, with the help of the PSO, the grouping of the image features is
done and the one with the best match from the database is given as the result. This hybrid technique gives a higher accuracy in less processing time.
Keywords: OLPP, PSO,
INTRODUCTION:
Recently, appearance–based face recognition has received tons of attention. In general, a face image of size n1 Г— n2 is delineating as a vector within
the image house Rn1 Г— n2. We have a tendency to denote

Using Correlation Method For Match Two Digital Images
MATCHING:
We have used correlation method to match two digital images. This technique is also known as template matching. It compares portions of one image
against another on a pixel–by–pixel basis.
Correlation is a measure of degree to which two variables agree, not necessarily in actual value but in general behavior .The two variables are the
corresponding pixel values in two images , template and source.
The matching process moves the template image to all possible positions in a larger source image and computes a numerical index that indicates how
well the template matches the image in that position.
Template is nothing but a small region of image. Correlation method is simple and hence can be analyzed appreciatively. There are two key features
which make it simple and they are: shift–invariant and linear.Shift–invariant means that we perform the same operation at every point in the image.
Linear means replacing every pixel with a linear combination of its neighbours.
The goal of this method is to find the correlated pixel within a certain disparity range that minimizes the associated error and maximizes the similarity.
SECTION V
RESULT AND FINDING
The authenticated result is the presented in this section.
Data set of TestEar localization Accuracy(%)
Images Reported in Proposed Method
Data Set 180195.8899.25
Data Set 280294.7398.50
Data Set 3107091.1195.61
1. The proposed technique breaks the derived edges of the profile face into a set of convex

Fmri, The New Aspects Of Deception Detection
fMRI, THE NEW ASPECTS OF DECEPTION DETECTION
INTRODUCTION
If deception becomes human behaviour, lie detection will play key role of proving their deceit. For a century, researchers studied significantly about
lying and deception as the human behaviour in scientific, philosophical and legal aspects (Ford, 2006) and attempted to create the instruments to detect
lies. Many techniques were developed to detect deception and determine the truth (Kleinmuntz and Szucko, 1984 cited in National Research Council,
2003).
In early of the 20th century, lie detection was invented by using physiological responses as indicators of deception, known as the polygraph (National
Research Council, 2003). Polygraph has been used in many objectives, for example, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, the definition of human deception will be demonstrated followed by the historical background of lie detection and development of the
polygraph. After that theoretical and drawbacks of polygraph are reviewed. Moreover, fMRI will be explained in scientific aspect. Finally, the
evaluation of fMRI on human deception and its benefits will be shown to complete the idea of the new aspect of detection deception.
What is the Human Deception?
Many researchers used to define deception in various definitions. For example, Mitchell, 1986 defines deception as "a false communication that tends
to benefit the communicator" which is a broad meaning and describes many acts as deceit. Nonetheless, there are many people who disagree with this
(Mitchell, 1986 cited in Vrij, 2008, 12). While, Vrij, 2008 defines lying as "an intentional act also implies that if two people contradict each other, this
does not automatically mean that one of them is lying" (Vrij, 2008, 14). Thus, it can be explained that perception depends on action's purpose of
communicator and also the perception of the receiver.
A History of Lie Detection and Development of Polygraph
In China, 1000 B.C., the lie detection was logically used for the first time. Suspects were tested by filling their mouths with a handful of dry rice and,
then, it is spat out. If

Rate Of Car Collision
Abstract
As drivers age, their risk of being involved in a car collision decreases. The present study investigated if this trend is due, in part, to some risky
drivers having a collision early in their driving lives and subsequently reducing their risky driving after that negative experience. Accelerometers and
video cameras were installed in the vehicles of 16– to 17–year–old drivers (N= 254), allowing coders to measure the number of g–force events (i.e.,
events in which a threshold acceleration level was exceeded) per 1,000 miles and the number of collisions. Among the 41 participants who experienced
a severe collision, the rate of g–force events dropped significantly in the 1st month after the collision, remained unchanged for the 2nd month, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Groups aging from sixteen to seventeen (adolescence) tend to adventure in the area of alcohol and drugs. Which in fact can impair judgement and
decrease reflexes of motor skills. Consideration in the decreasing of risk for accidents may increase substance abuse which could result in a severe
accident. Adolescences is a phase where a individual goes through confusion and discovery of one's self. Many challenges come about that could
change peer pressure to be cause teens to show impression to want to drive fast. Ways to find the true rate of the collisions in future on could create
more categorical sub groups and increase the sample

Dna Testing And The Criminal Justice System
Convictions prior to the advancement of DNA testing in the criminal justice system were commonly found to be later wrongful and due to eyewitness
misidentification (Scheck & Neufeld, 2001). Hence, there has been increasing research by psychologists in eyewitness memory and particularly in line
up practices. In criminal identification, a simultaneous line up (SIM) is typically used and involves presenting the witness with all line–up suspects at
once with the offender (target) placed amongst other innocent suspects (foils) that resemble the offender (Wells & Olsen, 2003). With these conditions,
witnesses have a tendency to compare suspects with each other in order to determine the one that have the closest resemblance with the offender, a
process called relative judgement (Steblay, Dysart, Fulero & Lindsay, 2001). In the simultaneous line–ups with target present, there are more hits as the
closest resemblance is the perpetrator but while in target absent conditions, the closest matching foil is often picked and resulting in more false alarms
(Steblay, Dysart, Fulero & Lindsay, 2001). Therefore, to prevent the potential of misidentification, alternative line–up presentations have been
developed to inhibit relative judgement processes such as sequential line–up in Lindsay and Wells (1985). Sequential line–ups (SEQ) involves
presenting a line–up of photos in a sequential format and eyewitnesses can only view the photo once and must determined whether the photo matches
the

Comparative Analysis Of Adaptive Threshold Based Spectrum...
Comparative Analysis of Adaptive Threshold Based Spectrum Sensing Techniques in Cognitive Radio Networks
Abstract:–In the last two decades, the number of wireless communication users and its applications increasing rapidly. With this rapid growth there
exists spectrum scarcity. One of the best solutions to avoid spectrum scarcity is cognitive radio with its dynamic spectrum sensing. Cognitive radio is a
promising technology, which is used to sense the unused spectrum in an appropriate manner. Various methods have been proposed in the past, such as
energy detection, matched filter and so on [1 6 7]. Different techniques serve different purpose based on their advantages and disadvantages.
In this paper, the author suggests an approach of dynamic threshold to increase the probability detection of spectrum sensing. Spectrum sensing using
energy detection, matched filter detectors based on fixed threshold and dynamic threshold are simulated using MATLAB. The performance of energy
detection, matched filter detector is compared by plotting probability detection versus signal–to–noise ratio graph.
Keywords:–Spectrum Sensing, Cognitive Radio, Wireless Communication, Energy Detection, Matched Filter, Probability Detection and Threshold.
I. Introduction:–The recent trend in cognitive radio–related research has altered s great of deal of interest in spectrum sensing and detection of radio
users in the environment [5]. In general, the spectrum user signals are categorized into primary

Image Processing : Edge Detection
IMAGE PROCESSING ? EDGE DETECTION In image processing, Edge Detection is a fundamental tool based on mathematical methods to detect
points in a digital image at which there is a huge variation in the brightness between each other. These points are organized in a line of segments
which is called edges. The purpose of detecting those variations is to help analyze an image in the following aspects: discontinuities in depth?
discontinuities in surface orientation? changes in material properties? variations in scene illumination. In an ideal case, edge detection would form
perfect lines of the image. This would help specialists to have a very good idea of the real image without need many data (detailed information). It
would reduce time processing, and also it would filter information less relevant in the picture. 1 2 / 5 / 2 0 1 6 F i n a l _ P r o j e c t _ E d g e _ D e t
e c t i o n _ P a b l o B e r z o i n i In the figure above the edge detection method was applied. It is possible to see all the relevant information for us in
that image: a child holding a flower. The other information was lost, but it was not important for us. f i l e : / / / D : / M a i n / L a k e h e a d / E N G
I 5 6 3 1 F A _ B i o m e d i c a l / P y t h o n N o t e b o o ks / S u b m i ss i o n s / F i n a l P r o j e c t s / I _ S o u z a / F i n a l _ P r o j e c t _ E d g
e _ D e t e c t i o n _ P a b l o B e r z o i n i . h t m l 1 / 9 Edge Properties

Self Driving Research Paper
I see self–driving cars being phased in incrementally over the next few decades, and want to contribute to making them a reality. Nearly every aspect
of self–driving cars needs improvement, and is a potential treasure trove for research. I think my choice is complex enough to be useful, yet still
narrow enough to be completed in approximately two years.
One of the most frustratingly difficult problems for autonomous vehicles is obstacle detection and avoidance. For cars especially, the diversity of the
types of obstacles they may come across is what really breaks down even the most complicated detection methods. A very common example is a
machine learning system which has been trained on large sets of obstacle images; the first time it runs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first way is fusing the standard camera data stream with that of a forward looking infrared (FLIR) system. FLIR systems have been used for years
by the military to detect enemy combatants and vehicles via their heat signatures. The major advantage of this approach is that it works just as well, if
not better, during the night. While a standard camera produces a large amount of low–light noise, infrared cameras can produce high resolution images
which can be used for accurate obstacle detection. I plan to use the fused data for feature extraction with a suite of image processing methods, such as
Canny edge detection. Finally, I plan to use the extracted features to classify them with common methods such as neural networks or SVMs. I expect
this phase of my research to take one to one and a half years, because it relies on proven technology being used in a new

Advantage And Disadvantage Of Rspberry Pi
Visually impaired people face a lot of problems in their daily life. In order to make them live confidentially without the need of others we develop an
assistive technology. We propose a camera based tool which helps to read the text label from the products that are commonly in use. We first propose
image capturing method that is usually a camera used to capture the object whose label is to be read. Then feature extraction, every image has its own
features different from others. We use certain feature extraction algorithms like gradient conversion, sobeledge detection, canny edge detection etc.
Histogram might be applied to extract the image features. Finally speech output the processed image after recognition label text is output to visually
impaired people as speech output. Raspberry pi is used for this entire application.
Raspberry Pi is a credit card sized single computer which uses ARM1176JZF–s core system on chip is used to place all the necessary electronic
components on a single chip. It eliminates a single chip for CPU, GPU, and USB controller. RAM is compressed to mini size. Raspberry Pi needs an
operating system to start up. Advantage of using a raspberry pi is that it omits any onboard non–volatile memory used to store the boot ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Preprocessing method involves series of operation to enhance and make it suitable for segmentation. Main function of preprocessing is removal of
noise that is generated during image generation. Filters like min–max filter, Mean filter, Gaussian filter etc. may be used to remove noise. Binarization
process is used to convert grayscale image into black and white image. To enhance the visibility and structural information Binary morphological
operation is used. This involves opening, closing, thinning, hole filling etc. The captured image may not be perfectly aligned so, slant angle correction
is performed. Input image may be resized according to the need of

Nt1310 Unit 3 Activity 1 Summary
Activity 1 presents the challenge of detecting vehicles in front of a stereo camera and determining the distance to them using stereo data. The team
accomplished this by creating a disparity map from the two rectified images and then plotting a point cloud based on this data. A cascaded object
detector is then used to get regions of interest (ROIs) where vehicles are in frame. These ROIs are then used to extract the depth of the vehicle in the
point cloud. The result is a distance to the identified vehicle.
A.1 Computer Vision Function Descriptions
One frame from each camera is pulled into the program and then rectified based on calibration of each camera. The calibration process takes in the
camera calibration parameters of the cameras, the rotation, and translation of the second camera in relation to the first camera. After being rectified
based on the calibration, a disparity map is created. A disparity map is an intensity map that shows the measurements of... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For activity 2, the frame is run through a thresholding function that creates a binary image based on the histogram levels that are similar to that of a stop
sign. Any pixel that falls within the levels are then converted to a value of one and the rest are set to zero. The binary image is then put through
two morphological operators, open and close. The open morphological operator gets rid of smaller clutters of pixels as defined by the parameters
that are passed in to the function. The close morphological operator fills in clusters of pixels that are the shape of the parameter passed to the
function. In this case, the shape is an octagon just like a stop sign. The last step is to run the binary image through blob analysis to get the ROIs that
are of a specified minimum size. Once the ROIs have been found, they are passed into the cascade object detector for verification of

Greek Word Polygraph Essay
Everyone wants to know if this is actually something that can happen or can be proven. Can it be done unconsciously? Can a polygraph be beat
consciously? Although this test is conducted by trained professionals about compete clear subjects that turnout 99% accurate, can be beaten. The word
polygraph comes from a Greek word polygraphs which means to "sniff out bullshit". Polygraphs have been around since the 1920's a process known as
psychophysiological detection of deception. Devices that monitor a subjects physiological responses from stressed designed questions. Polygraph
theory dictates will show a spike in bodily functions such as blood pressure, respiration, galvanic skin condition, and perspiration. This article tells you
over 5 ways

The Truth And What Is A Lie?
In life you will come across many obstacles, some of these you may have caused, others you may have not. How do we determine which is which?
How do we determine what is the truth and what is a lie? In 1917, William M. Marston would say the polygraph test or lie detector as it is often
called. In the twenty–first century, it would probably be witnesses and physical evidence. Which is more accurate and efficient? Is it fair to determine
a person 's life sentence just by asking a few questions regarding whether or not they are lying? In this modern day, we not only need to focus on the
"victims" but the "criminals" as well. Not saying that we should cater to criminals, but give them a chance. The old saying goes that a defendant is
innocent... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You go into the police station and have to take a polygraph test. You are nervous, so you fail the test and they sentence you for this crime, you know
for a fact you didn't commit. Just because of the anxiety, you failed and now are in prison for a crime that you did not commit. Is this morally right
to determine a person 's future if it is not one hundred percent accurate? Authorities should prohibit the use of a polygraph test to determine a criminal
's punishment for a few main reasons. Polygraph tests are simply not reliable enough to determine a person 's punishment that can be life changing.
There are quite a few things that make a polygraph test tick and not all of them are as reliable as they may seem. There are a few different factors that
come into play when someone is taking a lie detector test. "William M. Marston invented the first lie detector in 1917," (Hammiett, 2016 p.1). His
attentions were great, and he thought that it would be accurate and efficient with no problems. "However, in 1923, the D.C. Court of Appeals stated
that there was not enough scientific evidence to support Matson's lie detector machine," (Hammiett, 2016 p.1). If there wasn't enough evidence, then
what makes us think that there is now? It is the same as it has always been and if the D.C. Court of Appeals says that there isn't enough scientific
evidence to support it, then we shouldn 't use something that is

Detection Of A Dependency Detection System
In this chapter, we review the related work in the following fields: 1) automatic service dependency detection, 2) attack prediction, and 3)
application–level DDoS attack protection. 1 Automatic Service Dependency Detection Previous work on service dependency detection include many
different approaches. In order to compare the previous work, we first introduce some desirable effectiveness criteria for a dependency detection
approach. Later, we use these criteria for reviewing and classifying the previous work. 1.1 Dependency Detection Effectiveness Metrics One can
expect several properties from an ideal dependency detection system. Dependency detection ideally should: be able to detect direct and indirect
dependencies; be able to handle... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the communication between service and is hidden from the system, the dependency detection system will not be able to build the entire information
flow path between service and service and may miss the dependency relationship. A dependency detection approach can be host–based or
network–based, depending on the data source it uses (network traces or system logs). Network based systems are generally easier to deploy. A
dependency detection approach can be application–dependent or application–independent. An application–independent approach works correctly in the
presence of unknown types of services. On the other hand, the application–dependent approaches need readjustments or reimplementations for different
types of services. A dependency detection approach may or may not provide a measure of confidence for detected dependencies. To have a confidence
level for each dependency detection approach can help the administrators to decide and choose their most important dependencies based on the most
reliable information. And finally, a dependency detection approach may or may not be susceptible to confusing correlation with causation. 1.2 Previous
Work NSDMiner[] is a passive correlation–based dependency–detection system. It looks only for local–remote dependencies by computing the
probability of the remote service being requested given the local service being requested. eXpose[] is another passive dependency–detection

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