3. Embryology
3
It is a branch of science that is related to the formation, growth,
and development of embryo. It deals with the prenatal stage of
development beginning from formation of gametes, fertilization,
formation of zygote, development of embryo and fetus to the birth
of a new individual.
4. Embryonic Tissue
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Embryonic tissues are the tissues that form during embryonic
development, which is the process of growth and differentiation that
occurs from fertilization of the egg to the end of the eighth week of
pregnancy.
During embryonic development, the fertilized egg divides and
differentiates into the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm,
and endoderm. These layers give rise to all the different cell types and
tissues in the body.
Embryonic tissues can be classified into different types, including
epithelial tissues, connective tissues, muscle tissues, and nervous
tissues. These tissues form the basis of the developing embryo and
eventually give rise to the organs and systems of the body.
5. Embryonic Layer
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During embryonic development, the fertilized egg undergoes
a process of cell division and differentiation that results in the
formation of three primary germ layers:
Ectoderm: The outermost layer, which gives rise to the skin,
hair, nails, nervous system, and sensory organs.
Mesoderm: The middle layer, which gives rise to the muscles,
bones, cartilage, blood vessels, kidneys, and reproductive
organs.
Endoderm: The innermost layer, which gives rise to the lining
of the respiratory and digestive tracts, as well as the liver,
pancreas, and thyroid gland.
6. Inner Cell Mass
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The inner cell mass (ICM) or embryoblast (known as the
pluriblast in marsupials) is a structure in the early development of
an embryo.
Function of ICM: It is the mass of cells inside the blastocyst that
will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus.
7. What are stem cells?
A stem cell is a cell that has the ability to divide
(self-replicate) for indefinite periods often
throughout the life of the organism.
Under the right conditions, or given the right
signals, stem cells can give rise (differentiate) to
the many different cell types that make up the
organism.
That is, stem cells have the potential to develop
into mature cells that have characteristic shapes
and specialized functions, such as
heart cells
skin cells
nerve cells
7
11. 11
They are derived from embryos
&
Can become all cell types of the body
because they are pluripotent. E.g.
Muscle
Skin
Heart
Liver
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
12. Staining Technique for Embryonic Tissues
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Staining of embryonic tissues in humans can be done using
various techniques, including
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining
Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining
Oil Red O staining
Alcian Blue staining
Masson's Trichrome staining.
The choice of staining method depends on the research question
and the type of tissue being studied.
13. Current Research
13
Current research in embryonic tissues includes:
Stem Cell Research
Developmental Biology
Birth Defects
Tissue Engineering
Disease Modeling
14. Current Research
14
Researchers are studying the mechanisms controlling embryonic
development, the genetic and environmental factors that contribute
to birth defects, and the potential applications of embryonic stem
cells in regenerative medicine.
Embryonic tissues are being used to develop new methods for tissue
engineering and organ transplantation, as well as to model various
diseases and disorders for better understanding and treatment.
Understanding embryonic tissues is critical for advancing our
knowledge of human development and developing new treatments
for diseases and disorders
15. Embryonic tissues play a crucial role in the development of the human body, and
research in this field continues to advance our understanding of how these tissues form
and function.
The study of embryonic tissues, researchers have gained insights into the mechanisms
that control embryonic development, as well as the genetic and environmental factors
that contribute to birth defects and various diseases and disorders.
Embryonic tissues are being used to develop new methods for tissue engineering,
regenerative medicine, and organ transplantation. Continued research in embryonic
tissues holds great promise for improving human health and treating a wide range of
conditions. 15
