5631 5635.output

* GB786039 (A)
Description: GB786039 (A) ? 1957-11-13
A means for the conversion of symbol sequences into groups of digits,
letters or other characters
Description of GB786039 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
786 O 39 Date of Application and filing Comwlete Specification: June
23, 1950.
No 37220/54.
Application made in Germany on Oct 1, 1948.
(Divided out of No 786,021).
Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957.
Index at accepta-nce:-Classes 40 ( 1), H 14 B( 14: 15), HU 1 H; 40 (
6), G(IG: 2 G: 3 K: 3 M); and 106 ( 1) C( 1 D: ZG: 3 B: 3:3 E: 4 C: 4
X: 5: 6).
International Classification:-G 06 fr G 08 c H 03 k.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
A means for the Conversion of Symbol Sequences into Groups of Digits,
Letters or other Characters I, GERHARD DIR Ks, of Moerfelder
Landstrasse 44, Frankfurt on Main, Germany, of German Nationality, do
hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be
granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
The invention relates to the conversion of symbols into groups of
digits, letters and/or other characters which the symbols represent,
and vice versa One use of the invention would be in association with
shorthand typewriters and the like so that the actuation of the usual
symbol keys results in the writing out by the machine of the complete
words and other matter for which the symbols stand, instead of merely
writing out the symbols themselves.
Another use of the invention is in the writing out by a machine, in
Roman letters, of matter put into the machine by the actuation of keys
representing Chinese, Japanese or other cryptic signs, thus dispensing
with the very complicated machines hitherto necessary.

The machine may also be used in the reverse way, namely for the
writing out in Oriental or other non-Roman characters of matter put
into it in Roman characters Again, the invention may be used to
accelerate tele-typing systems over telephone lines and the like.
According to the invention, a typewriting, printing or other writing
machine has an information storage device for signals representing all
the informations likely to be requited at an output means and an
address storage for address signals co-ordinated to the respective
informations, selective sensing means for such storages, input means
whereby symbolic or abbreviated matter put in releases co-ordinated
address signals, and a comparing device for comparing the address
signals from the input means with address signals in the said address
storage, said comparing device when the comparison is equal being
operative to control said' sensing means to sense the information
signals co-ordinated to the then compared address signals For example,
the operation of keys, switches or other input means for symbols,
abbreviations, or Oriental characters or the like actuates said
sensing means through said comparing device to select from the storage
signal sequences representing the symbolic or abbreviated matter in
its extended form, or as the case may be, representing the Oriental
characters in Roman form Such selected signals may then be delivered
directly to a printing, typing or tele-typing apparatus or may be
delivered to an intermediate storage before use.
The arrangement may be such that the simultaneous operation of a
number of keys or other input means representing the abbreviated etc
matter-put in releases address signals as code combination signals
which result in the actuation of the selective sensing means when
compared with the same combination signals in the storage, or the
sensing means may be actuated after the successive operations of the
input means for releasing code combination signals before or after the
operation of a control member determining the number of keys in the
combination Or, for example with the decoding of symbolized matter,
common abbreviations and the like, the selective sensing may be
actuated with each key depression The storage and selective sensing
means may for example be according to any of the forms set forth in my
co-pending Application for Patent No 37214/54 (Serial No 786,033).
The invention may include means for the writing out of the abbreviated
or symbolized matter as well as the extended matter, and may include
means whereby there is a visual indication of the matter put in by the
input means The invention may also be combined s 5 with a correcting
device as set forth in my co-pending Application No 37218/54 (Serial
No 786,037) and/or with an automatic carriage return and line
equalising means according to my co-pending Application No.
37219/54 (Serial No 786,038).

The accompanying drawing illustrates the carrying out of the invention
Fig 1 is a perspective view of an office machine which includes a
keyboard and a storage device and a printer operating under the
control of the storage device in accordance with the invention The
particular machine shown also includes means for making a complete
page visible, means for making single lines temporarily visible, means
for automatic repetition and correction of the text, a computing
device, storing tapes, and means for automatically varying the spacing
in a line and for equalising the length of the line; Figs 2 a and 2 b
are a circuit diagram of an electronic combination selecting and
comparing switch arrangement; Fig 2 c is a development of a signal
arrangement for said combination switch selecting means shown in Fig
3; and Fig 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a combined storage
means and other devices including a part of an electronic combination
switch selecting means.
As shown there is an automatic reproduction unit 1 slidably mounted on
the guideway 2, and there is also the keyboard 3 The reproduction unit
may be a printer, for example a dot and line printer of the type set
forth in my co-pending Application No 37201/54 (Serial No 786,022) or
any other suitable printing means, The reproduction unit 1 may be
small and the height of the reproduced image may be, in a practical
case, 4 25 mm.
corresponding to the height of a character.
It is mounted so as to slide horizontally on the bar 2.
The horizontal movement of the reproduction unit relatively to the
paper, or other record material, is provided by means of the movement
of the unit along the guideway 2, and such guideway may be moved up
and down, vertically along the guide rails 4, the unit thus being
moved to any part of the paper or other record material in the example
shown The same combination may naturally be arranged moving the paper
or other record material with regard to the reproduction unit, as for
instance in a usual typewriter.
The lateral movement of the reproduction unit 1 along the guideway 2
is effected in this case by means of a servo-motor 5 (controlled by
means of rotating fields or by synchronizing signals) Instead of this
device, a continuously effective magnetic relay or a wire pull may be
provided With the arrangement illustrated it is preferable to use a
servo-motor because of its universal and simple controllability The
guide bar 2 moves up and down along the guides 4 by similar means.
The sheet of paper to be printed or other record material is held by
means of a frame 6 as a full page, permitting a good control 70 and
simple correction, especially with several copies.
Housing or casing 7 contains the necessary accessories, including a
signal converter such as, for example, the converter set forth in my

75 co-pending Application No 37222/54 (Serial No 786,041).
The housing may also enclose devices for correction of the text, for
automatic carriage return and for spacing line justification, see 80
for example my co-pending Applications No.
37218/54 and No 37219/54 (Serial Nos.
786,037 and 786,038) respectively.
Computing and sorting devices may also be included in the housing 7 85
An aperture 8 is provided, displaying the matter being reproduced by
cathode ray reproduction, stroboscopic visual indication, or the like.
An electric coupling may be disposed in the 90 housing at 10, for
connection with other electric devices, e g, for tele-printing.
Signals may be transferred from or to the record means in dependence
on an equality or non-equality in a comparing device, corm 95 paring
signal sequences from the record means or another record means
operating in synchronism with it, with signal sequences from another
source, e g, signal sequences released by the operation of keys of the
keyboard 3 100 Such a comparing device may include a chain of gates,
each gate being controlled on the one hand by signals, sensed from the
record means, and on the other hand by the signals derived from
operation of the keyboard or 105 other input means, the said chain
providing a continuous signal path for operation of sensing and/or
recording means if the comparison in all the gates of the chain
reveals equality The said gates may be electronic tubes The signals
110 may be delivered to the comparing device in repeated changes of
sequence during each cycle of said cyclic relative movement and the
-repetition of the change of sequence may be a constant repetition 115
Each gate may control only two switching ways, the number of gates
required in the comparing device being equal to the number of
denominations required in a binary number to indicate any signal or
group of signals in 120 the signal carrier.
The signal storage may be regarded as made up of three parts; the
information part, an index part, and an address part The information
part has permanently recorded 125 signals in groups and for each group
there is a corresponding code combination in the address part which is
shown as a series of induction elements one for each element of the
code combination, and described more 130 786,039 after In the address
part of the storage the signals are in a number of tracks equal to the
number of code elements in the combination being used, each such track
having signal sensing means 70 The relay tube 15 is controlled by
means of control signals sensed by sensing head 26 sensing one of said
signal tracks which in the drawing is represented as one part of a
fivepart rotary induction member shown as a 75 development in Fig 2 c
Any other suitable form of selector may be adopted, e g, a contact
selector, an optical selector, other inductive selectors, a magnetic

record on a storage, or the like 80 The selection of an information in
the storage requires a determination of the respective position in the
relative movement of the storage where the corresponding symbolized
address signals can be sensed, and 85 also a device comparing the
sensed, address signals with a signal frequency and/or combination
derived from an input means The sensing head 26 controlling the
electronic switch 13-14 is arranged over the said signal 90 path 30,
and sensing head 27 for the electronic switch 16-17 is over the signal
path 31, sensing head 28 of the next electronic switch (not shown) is
over the selector signal path 32, and so on 95 If the relay tube 15 is
not operative, the pentode 13 is blocked, whereas pentode 14 is open,
the working voltage of the screen grid of pentode 13 being developed
across the cathode resistances 33, 34 of the tube 15, 100 whereas the
pentode 14 is open as long as the tube 15 is not operative As soon as
the tube becomes operative, the pentodes 13 and 14 change with respect
to their opening, i e, pentode 13 is "open" while pentode 14 is 105
blocked, pentode 13 having received its working screen grid voltage,
whereas the cathode of pentode 14 has become positive with regard to
its suppressor grid potential.
Switch 22 has either position a or position 110 b depending on whether
the first element of the address combination, as determined by the
input means, requires a " current" (position a) or " no current "
position b) position.
Signals sensed from an information storage 115 area by sensing head
35, simultaneously with the sensing of the co-ordinated address
signals by head 26, will pass the switch 22 only if tube 15 is
operative, i e, if pentode 13 is open, and if switch 22 is in position
a, or if 120 pentode 13 is closed and switch 22 is in position b In
position b of the switch 22 no signal transmission from sensing head
35 is possible, in spite of pentode 13 being open, the necessary
continuity of the circuit for such sensed 125 information signals in
the comparing chain being interrupted by means of said switch 22.
The various possibilities for continuity and discontinuity in the
signal transmission circuit will be understood from the diagram at the
130 fully below When the input keys or other input means are operated,
address signals in a code combination are recorded in the index
storage This index storage is sensed and at the same time the code
combinations in the address part are being sensed When there is a
coincidence between a combination sensed from the address part and a
combination which has been recorded in the index storage, this
operates to sense the associated group of signals in the information
storage These sensed signals may be recorded on an output storage and,
once recorded on such output storage, they may, of course, be taken
off and used for any purpose desired, for example to operate a

printer.
Stored signals according to one system of representation (such as
shorthand-typewriter combinations or Oriental written characters) used
as address signals may control means for sensing information signals
according to another representation, so that for example a
transliteration from one alphabet to another may be effected, The
address signals may be signal sequences, say for instance according to
the binary system representing groups of characters such as syllables,
words and so on, as may be used for coding and decoding, e g, for
telecommunication or even for transformations into other sequences for
the same information in another system of representation, whereby even
such difficult tasks may be solved as the printing in Oriental
characters of words recorded in Roman characters.
Such address or control signals may also be part of the information
signals and may be selected to control the sensing or not sensing of
that group of the stored information in which they are included Such
selected address or control signals may be compared with other sensed,
stored or pre-selected signals, as described, and the result of the
comparison may control sensing or not sensing of the group of
information signals to which they belong Such address or control
signals may also determine to which part of the same or another
storage the said group of information signals is to be transferred
when selected and sensed.
In the converting device of Figs 2 a-2 b, a comparing device is shown
comprising electronic switches 13-15, 16-18, and 1921, and other
switches 22-24 These switches are in pairs, each pair comprising one
electronic and one other switch The number of groups of switches used
depends on the number of combination symbol elements necessary to
arrive at the number of combinations desired The switches are shown in
diagram form at the top left hand part of Fig.
2 a The de-coding, by means of which is determined which position the
desired information signals have in the storage means will be
described here786,039 top of Fig 2 a, where in each unit of the chain
of gates there are two switch elements, one of which, in the first
gate shown, is comprised by the electronic tubes, e g, the tubes 13,
14, 15, and the other of which may comprise relay switches operated by
keys in the keyboard.
Beginning from the left of said diagram, information signals entering
the chain at the sensing heads 35, 36, pass the first gate of the
chain if the electronic switch 13, 14 coincides with the selecting
switch 22 which may be pre-set and being for example in the upper
position 22 a Such coincidence takes place only during that time
period of the rotation of the storage when both the switches are in
the upper or (in the case shown) both in the lower position, that is

to say when pentode 13 is open in dependence on the tube 15 being
operative The signals sensed by signal head windings 35, 36 arrive at
the grids of the pentodes 16, 17 being connected in parallel via
capacitors.
The same switchable selection conditions obtain in each successive
gate in the chain.
For example in the second gate illustrated the pentode 17 being open
since tube 18 is operative and coinciding with the relay switch 23 in
the lower position shown, the signals are passed to the third gate of
the chain, and so on.
With a 5-stage binary selection device there are in each cycle of
operation 32 ( 25) possibilities of selecting different areas within
each track of the storage each area containing multi-column
information in for example 50-100 column positions If a sixth binary
stage is added to the selection device the number of selection
possibilities would be 64 ( 26) but the capacity of each such address
area would be reduced by one half because of the limitation imposed by
the minimum signal distances on the storage Further stages of
selection possibility may be chosen either for further sub-division of
the storage area or for selecting different tracks in the storage by
known selective multi-channel switching circuits.
For an easier understanding of the method of selection the tube 15 is
shown as a gas discharge tube operating at a frequency which opens
pentode 13 and blocks pentode 14 after a period corresponding to the
intervals between signals sensed by signal head 26 The information
signals induced in signal heads 35, 36 are always effective at a
position corresponding to the middle of such an interval.
Within the second group of pentodes 16, 17 controlled by tube 18 the
same process takes place, i e the signals transmitted by signal heads
35 and 36 are only further transmitted if tube 18 is non-operative, i
e when pentode 17 is open and the switch 23 is in position b.
According to Fig 2 c, the control of the alternate opening and
blocking of pentodes 13, 14 is shown by way of example as a signal
sequence illustrated diagrammatically at 30.
Pentode 13 is understood to be " open " during the period represented
by the upper half of the track 30 in each rotation and " closed "
during the period represented by the lower half, i e 70 pentode 13 is
open during the first 1800 of one operation, whereas during the next
1800 of a rotation pentode 14 is open At the next selection group,
pentode 16 is open and pentode 17 is closed from 0 to 900 and from 75
to 2700 in each cycle of track 31, whereas it is closed and pentode 17
is open from 90 to 1800 and from 270 to 3600 in each cycle.
This automatic opening and closing of the electronic switches during
each cycle brings 80 about the combination of automatically opened and

" blocked " switches with the pre-set positions a and b of the
switches 22, 23, 24 or correspending electronic or other relays,
switching panels, keyboard contacts or the like 85 To avoid a too
strong amplification of the signals produced in the sensing heads 35
and 36 transmission to the control grid of the next tube is provided
by means of a tapping of the respective anode resistor In the drawing,
only 90 the first two and the last of the chain of switches is shown.
There may of course be any number of selection groups in the chain
Thus, only those signals from the sensing heads 35 and 36 are 95
transmitted through the whole chain of selection group switches, when
the electronic switches, in combination with the position of the
pre-set switches establish a continuous circuit 100 At the moment at
which the combination of the switches 22, 23, 24 and so on corresponds
to the combination according to Fig 2 c the information signals run
through the chain to control further and preferably electronic means,
105 such as converters for dot and line-printers and the like as set
forth in my co-pending Application No 37222/54 (Serial No.
786,041), or control means for computers.
Fig 2 b shows additional optical and 110 inductive converters The
information signals running through the chain ignites the gas triode
37, by the discharge circuit of which the intensity glow lamp 38 (with
positive glow light) is flashing This glow lamp is comparable 115 to
that shown in Fig 2 of my co-pending Application No 37205/54 (Serial
No.
786,026) lying behind a glass disc containing in the fields
corresponding to the single combinations, the type character symbols
of the 120 different letters, being contained in the syllable or the
word, which is to be printed.
There is in accordance with such Application for Patent No 37205/54
(Serial No.
786,026) arranged a series of flash tubes in an 125 optical converter
or, with a corresponding mask arrangement, a single flash tube behind
an optical record means, containing in different areas symbols of the
different letters contained in a syllable or a word, which is to be
printed 130 786,039 hitherto been limited by the mechanical speeds
attainable With the present invention a 15element-combination may have
the same transmission velocities as are obtainable with the
7-element-combination despite mechanical 70 limitations The
15-element-combination allows of printing automatically about 30,000
different words or syllables, whereas the 7element-combination allows
of the printing of only 32 different characters By this invention 75
therefore relative high efficiences may be obtained without additional
mechanical means, the printer being simpler than with the usual
teleprinters.

Digit pulses may be used in the same way 80 instead of "current"-" no
current " combination elements If for instance the area of the
rotating or like storage means to be sensed corresponds to a
determined digit, this method may be used In the case of numbers,
consisting 85 for instance of five digits e g logarithm tables or
tables for other mathematical functions, or tables for deductions from
wages or the like it is also possible to use a chain of five
electronic and pre-set switches corresponding 90 to the pentodes 13,
14 and relay tube 15, these being controlled either by means of
inductive sensing means corresponding to those of the relay tube 18 or
by means of the deflection or a ray of light or the like, com 95 bined
with a photocell and a relay tube.
By adapting ten sensing heads and selecting the one corresponding to
the digit to be sensed, the relay tube 15 is operative only during
that moment at which the selected digit is sensed 100 Instead of
continuously " switching on and off " of the electronic switches
within all groups at each " single signal " the first selection group
(opening of pentode 13 and closing of pentode 14) may be switched on
for instance during the 105 whole first half of a rotation by means of
the excitation of tube 15 by one signal, and its extinction after a
cycle of 1800 by means of a second signal including a voltage pulse in
a second coil, controlling for instance an addi 110 tional pentode in
the circuit of the tube 15 to extinguish that tube.
Fig 3 also shows pulse generators 43 '-, with signal heads 4411 and 45
'-" used for justification purposes as described in my co 115 pending
Application No 37219/54 (Serial No.
786,038).
The information storage is sensed by sensing heads 47 '" which may
operate selectively as described in my co-pending Application No 120
37214/54 (Serial No 786,033).
For the operation of a Chinese or Japanese printing unit, which in
this combination may also teleprint by start-stop signal-systems, the
keyboard may be a usual typewriter keyboard 125 The Japanese or other
characters to be printed may be coded by typing their phonetic
rendering with common Roman letters, e g.
typing " LI-C Hu-WANG " successively The selection of the Roman
letters releases address 130 or otherwise indicated By means of the
arrangement of a mask with an additional concentric slot movable
sidewise step by step from the middle to the edge, line after line of
the symbols is represented Instead of this movable mask a rotating
mask with circular slots, staggered relatively to each other by one
step may be provided, or there may be a stepwise sensing in the
direction of rotation.
In correspondence with the symbols illuminated by means of the flash

tube 38, there is ignited one or another of the photodischarge tubes
390-D provided for the ten digit values and an additional
photo-discharge tube 40, provided one for an additional symbol giving
the indication the meaning of letters of the alphabet, as explained in
my co-pending Application No 37222/54 (Serial No 786,041) After the
ignition of these discharge photo-cells, which may also be normal gas
discharge tubes controlled by means of photo-cells, the process is
perfectly similar to the converting method described in said
Application No 37222/54 (Serial No.
786,041) These photo or other discharge tubes 39, 40 may also excite
printing signal sequences for dot and line printers cathode ray tube
indicating or the like, for example as described in my co-pending
Application for Patent No 37222/54 (Serial No 786,041).
In an inductive converter according to the said application No
37222/54 (Serial No.
786,041) the secondary windings of the converter coils may be excited
correspondingly by the signal sequences which are necessary for the
printing or other reproduction of the characters, etc represented by
the selected symbols.
To succeed in arranging the signal sequences for each character on
each rotation, character by character, in a continuous step-by-step
movement, a special discharge switch 41 is provided, the sensing coil
42 of which is shown in Fig 3.
Using this method of coding of combinations by means ef translation
into sequences of dot and line printing for instance, to accelerate
tele-printing on telephone-lines, the contacts a and b are switched by
means of the usual distributor, which is used in all teleprinters.
The relays are energized at the various positions of the distributor,
according to whether the distributor delivers a " current " or " no
current " pulse With a combination of usual structure, seven symbol
elements are necessary for each character, including a " start and "
stop " symbol A 15-positioncombination of the same type requires on
tele-transmission about double the time of the 7-position combination,
if the same limiting frequency is used.
The speed of tele-printing with the usual transmission channels and
with subaudio frequencies or the multiple transmission on or along
wires or the like has 786,039 signals which are compared with stored
address signals and, when equality is revealed the corresponding
stored signals for printing the Oriental characters are sensed and fed
to the printing device.
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* GB786040 (A)
Description: GB786040 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Means for sensing punched cards and punched tapes or the like
786,040 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June
23, 1950.
No 37221/54.
I J% 00 Etffi Application made in Germany on Oct 1, 1948.
(Divided out of No 786,021) <t Complete Specification Published:
Nov13, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 106 ( 1), C( 1 D: 2 F: 2 G: 3 B: 3 D: 4 A:
5), M( 1 B: 1 C: IE: 2 B: 4 A: 6 C:
20).
International Classification:-GO 6 f, k.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Means for Sensing Punched Cards and Punched Tapes or the like I,
GERHARD DIRKS, of Moerfelder, Landstrasse 44, Frankfurt on Main,
Germany, of German Nationality, do hereby declare the invention, for
which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement: -
This invention relates to means for sensing record members such as
punched cards, tapes and the like and to means for recording such
sensed data.
It is the object of the invention to provide apparatus for recording
on a magnetic signal storage device, data sensed from record members.
According to one feature of the invention, apparatus for recording
data sensed from a perforated record medium, in which perforation
positions are located at the crossing points of rows and columns,

comprises a magnetic storage member, cyclically-operating means for
recording signals thereon, said storage member having storage areas
corresponding to said columns, each storage area being divided into
storage positions allocated to characters which can be represented by
the perforations in the columns, the storage positions in all said
areas passing the recording means successively in each recording
cycle, means for sensing the perforations in the record medium column
by column in synchronism with the cyclic operation of the recording
means and a control circuit made effective by the sensing of a
perforation or perforations representing a character to record a
signal in the storage position representing the same character of the
magnetic storage.
According to another feature of the invention, apparatus for recording
data sensed from a record member, having perforation positions
arranged in columns and rows, comprises a rotatable magnetic signal
storage member, a recording head defining a recording track on said
storage member, the track being divided into storage areas, each of
which corresponds to a column and is sub-divided into storage
positions each of which corresponds to a character, means adapted to
sense the columns of the record member sequentially and in synchronism
with the passage of the corresponding storage areas past said
recording head, and means adapted to energise said head to record a
signal in a particular storage position of a storage area in response
to the sensing of a perforation or perforations representing the
corresponding character in the corresponding column.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference
to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig 1 is a schematic view
showing the sensing of a punched card row by row by means of a light
beam and rotating mirrors and recording of the sensed data on a
magnetic storage drum; and Fig 2 is a schematic yiew showing the
sensing of a punched card column by column, the card bearing data in a
combinational code.
Fig 1 shows the row by row sensing of a moving record card by a
scanning light beam and the recording of the sensed data by a magnetic
signal storage drum with a group of staggered recording heads Magnetic
signal storage devices, in the form of drums and discs, with a head
arrangement of this kind are described in detail in my co-pending
Application No 15773/50 (Serial No 786,021).
The terms "column" and "row " will be used throughout the
Specification with the following meaning: a column consists of a group
of positions on a record member at which a data indicating mark or
marks may be made to record a character, and a row consists of a group
of marking positions having the same significance For instance, in the
case of a punched record card, a column consists of a group of index

points used to represent an alphabetic character or digit In one form
of card, there are twelve index points " O " to " 9 " and "X" and " Y
" A digit is represented by a single hole at the appropriate index
point " O " to " 9," whilst an alphabetic character is represented by
two holes in the column In other forms of card, various combinational
codes are used to represent digits as well as alphabetic characters
For the first form of card, all the " O " index point positions form a
row, the " 1 " index point positions form another row, and so on.
A punched card 3 (Fig 1) is sensed row by row by a light beam 5 The
beam is scanned across the columns in sequence by a set of mirrors 2
which reflect the light from a source 40 Whenever the light beam
passes through a hole it is focussed on a photo-electric cell 4 by a
suitable optical system indicated schematically at 41.
The mirrors 2 are mounted on a drum which is secured to a shaft, which
is driven through a reduction gear from a shaft 8 The shaft 8 is
rotated by a motor 12 and carries ZO a magnetic storage drum 9 The
ratio of the gearing is such that the drum 9 makes twelve revolutions
for each revolution of the shaft 1.
The card 3 is fed continuously in the direction of arrow 6 by a
feeding arrangement synchronised with the rotation of the shaft 1 and
indicated diagrammatically by pusher 42 and cam track 43 The mirrors 2
are so arranged that each mirror is effective to scan the light beam
across one row of hole positions in all the columns The mirrors are
tilted to allow for the movement of the card which takes place during
the scanning of a row.
Also mounted on the shaft 1 is a switching device or distributor 20,
with a common contact brush 21 and a set of individual contact brushes
22 - Each of the individual brushes is connected to one of a
corresponding group of recording heads 13 a These heads are staggered
round a section of a circumferential line, so that they are each
capable of recording a signal in a circumferential track of the drum.
The track may be regarded as being divided into a number of sectors or
storage areas, each of which corresponds to one column of the card 3
Each such storage area is again divided into individual storage
positions.
Thus, if each storage area represents a decimal denomination, then
each storage position is allocated to one of the digits 0 to 9 The
heads 13 are arranged so that, when a storage area is beneath the
heads, each of the heads is aligned with the corresponding storage
position in that area This arrangement of heads and storage areas is
described in detail in my co-pending Application No 15773/50 (Serial
No 786,021).
The distributor 20, 21, 22 is effective to connect one head for
operation during each revolution of the storage drum 9 Thus, when the

light beam 5 is scanning the " 9 " row of the card, the head 13 ' is
connected by the brush 22 ', and similarly for subsequent rows of the
card.
Signals from the photo-cell 4 are fed to an amplifying pentode 15, the
output of which is applied to a gas tube 14 Thus each time a hole is
sensed, the gas tube 14 is fired The coil of an erasing head 17 is
connected in the cathode circuit of the gas tube 14 The volt 70 age
drop across this coil when the tube conducts is used to raise the
voltage on one grid of a pentode 16 A sensing head 18 senses a zero
mark, recorded on the drum, each time a storage area is aligned with
the group of 75 heads 13 ', and the resulting signal is fed to the
control grid of the pentode 16 The pentode will produce an output only
if a hole has been sensed and the head 18 has generated a signal This
output fires a gas tube 19, the 80 cathode of which is connected in
common to the heads 13 - Hence the cathode current will flow through
that head which has been brought into circuit by the distributor 20,
21, 22, and a signal will be recorded in the 85 corresponding storage
position Since the scanning of the card is synchronised with the
rotation of the drum 9, the storage area corresponding to the column
containing the hole will be beneath the heads 13 The use of the
erasing head and the sensing head for the zero mark is described in
detail in the above-mentioned Application.
It will be apparent that on the first rotation of the drum, the " 9 "
row of the card will 95 be sensed and the head 13 ' will be in
circuit, so that each time a hole is sensed the head will be energised
to record a signal in the " 9 " storage position of the storage area
corresponding to the column in which the 100 hole is located Signals
will be recorded in the other storage positions of the areas in
subsequent revolutions of the drum Since only ten heads are shown in
the drawing, it would be possible to record only ten of the twelve 105
rows, but two further heads may be connected in a similar manner to
allow recording of all twelve rows.
When using punched cards having combinations of signs, in such a way
that normally 110 five principal rows are needed signifying for
instance 0/2/4/6/8 to which an additional 6th row is added indicating
whether the digit value of the respective principal rows is to be
augmented by " 1 " or not, two lines are 115 sensed, namely that one
with the signification + 1 and the other the one of the five principal
rows having the signification " + 0, + 2, + 4, + 6, + 8," so that the
correct sum is obtained for each digit after the sensing and 120 the
computing of 6 rows, row by row, as described above.
In the case of such a combinational additive code, each entry due to
sensing a hole is treated as an additive in the manner described in
125 relation to addition in the above-mentioned Application Thus, if a

" 4 " hole were sensed it would be recorded as such in that revolution
of the drum If a " 1 " hole is subsequently sensed in the same column,
then that value 130 786,040 cards as described above Furthermore,
instead of holes in the tape or card, the data may be represented by
black marks on a white background or in other similar ways which are
well known in 'the art Hence the term "per 70 forations" is used to
include not only actual holes in a card or tape, but also the other
well known equivalent ways of recording data in rows and columns on a
record member.
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* 5.8.23.4; 93p
* GB786041 (A)
Description: GB786041 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Means for converting signals symbolizing information in one system of
representation to signals symbolizing the same information in another system
of representation
786,041 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification June 23,
1950.
No 37222/54.
Application made in Germany on Oct 1, 1948.
(Divided out of No 786,021).
Complete Specification Published Nov 13,1957.
Index at acceprance: -Classes 40 ( 1), HU 1 B( 9: HA: 11 X), H 11 H;
40 ( 7), T 1; and 106 ( 1), C( 1 D:
231: 2 G: 2 M: 3 B: 4 A: 6).
International Classification: -C Ohr GO 6 f G 08 c.

COMIPLETE SPECIFICATION
Means for Converting Signals Symbolizing Information in one System of
Representation to Signals Symbolizing the same 'Information in another
System of Represtentation I, GBRH An D DIRES, of Moerfelder
Landstrasse, 44, Frankfurt on Main, Germany, of German nationality, do
hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be
granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be
particularly described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to a coding or converting means for converting
signals symbolising information in one system of representation to
signals symbolizing the same information in another system of
representation and is applicable inter alia to the converting of
stored signals into impulse sequences for operating printing, typing,
visual indication and other means It may for example have the function
of converting symbols, representing letter characters or digits,
commands and the like e g " A "B ', " a ", ' b ", "c 1 ", " 2 ", CC l
","? ", into sequences of signals, which are adapted to control dot or
line printers such as those set forth in my co-pending applications
for Patents Nos 37201154 and 37203154 (Serial Nos.
786,022 and 786,024) Also, instead of converting symbols for single
figures, letters or other characters, the invention may have the
function of converting symbols according to the international
teleprinting system, into pulse sequences of signals printable on dot
or line printers, and of converting symbols for entire syllables,
words or series of words as in the abbreviating or stenographic
system.
The invention provides a means for convertinz stored signals having a
predetermined significance into pulse trains having the same
significance as the respective signals, comprising a means for
generating pulses by electromagnetic induction in any one of a number
of pulse positions independently of the pulse content of the other
positions to produce a pattern of pulses, different patterns of pulses
representing different characters, and a selecting means controlled by
the stored signal which is to be converted to determine in what
positions pulses are to be generated for the signal then being
converted.
More particularly the invention provides a single converter having a
cyclic operation, each cycle of which converts the signals for a
number of denominations or columns simultaneously or columnwise The
converter may operate to supply pulse sequences for the operation of
the printing elements of a parallel printer, or for linewise
illumination of a cathode ray screen, or otherwise, for a mosaic
representation of the character The converter may operate directly or
through an intermediate storage, and may for example be a contact

converter, an inductive converter, a cross-field system, or of an
optical character or otherwise Various examples are described in
detail below.
According to another feature of the invention, the signals to be
converted are arranged with co-ordinated groups, and are fed to the
converter as a signal identifying the group and a signal identifying
the position in the group.
One embodiment of apparatus according to the invention comprises a
means for converting signals representing printable characters into
pulse sequences for the operation of parallel printers on the said dot
and line principle, comprising a series of parallel printing levers
movable collec8 o tively through a series of printing positions,
electromagnetic means for each lever for effecting printing in any one
of such position, means which in each such movement produces pulse
sequences for all the characers, a selector for transmitting the pulse
sequences for printing any selected one of a pre-determined set of
characters by means of any lever, and signal input means detenrining
what pulse sequences shall be fed to each electro magnet by the
selector to effect printing of the corresponding characters by the
respective levers.
Representative examples of the invention are illustrated in the
accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig la is a diagram illustrating one arrangement for converting
signals by inductive means; Fig lb shows the arrangement of fields in
one part of the distributor shown in Fig la; Fig ic shows the
character 4 as an example of the mosaic printing and mosaic visual
indications; Fig Id is a perspective view of an inductive distributor
capable of operation according to Fig la; Figs 2 a and 2 b illustrate
the conversion of signals into pulse sequences by an inductive crossed
field system, and applied to visual indication; Fig 3 is an
enlargement of Fig 2 a, showing an application to parallel printers as
well as to visual indication; Fig 4 shows another example of inductive
distribution applied to parallel printing; Figs Sa and Sb show the
arrangement of mosaic characters in co-ordinated groups; Figs 6 a and
6 b illustrate the arrangement of input signals for such grouped
characters; Figs 7 a and 7 b illustrate one example of inductive
conversion of grouped signals; Fig 8 is a diagrammatic perspective
view illustrating conversion by rotating magnetic elements generating
pulse sequences; and Fig 9 illustrates an example of conversion by
magnetic sensing from a selective storage on a rotatable drum.
Referring to Figs la and Id the ihductive converter illustrated which
also may be used as a central converter for one column as well as a
central converter for multi-columns, has the pulse sequences for the
component elements of the dot-and-line digit or other character

obtained as follows In one or in a series of magnetic field systems,
of which one system is provided for each character, the magnetic
fields of pairs of coils influencing the respective magnetic field
systems are cut successively with a determined rhythm by one or
several magnetic yokes or the like One or more 70 windings per
character is or are applied to the coils and have to control a print
or not print at the corresponding parts of the character: The pulse
sequences for the printing levers are generated at the respec 75 tive
times bv magnetic coupling with the secondarv windings of the pair of
coils.
The converting device shown in Figs.
Ia-ld may be used as a connecting link for dot or line printers in
connection with 80 a computing apparatus, or with storage apparatuses
or the like The converting device consists of coils 2 ;', 26 '-9, 281
'-, and 29 6 disposed around the periphery of a toothed wheel
(magnetic yoke wheel) 85 31 (see Fig Id) The pitch of the teeth on the
wheel 31 differs by one tooth from the pitch of the coils in the sets,
so that a semi-circle of the toothed wheel has for example 1,0 teeth
whereas in the pitch of 90 the coil sets, an angle of 1620 (i e 9/,n
of %) is divided into 10 equal parts, realizing on rotation of the
toothed wheel to the left, first a momentary opposition for instance
of the edge of the tooth 27 O with 95 the edges of the cores 329 and
330 of the coils 2 ' and 26 .
During the next phase of the movement, the tooth 27 ' will pass the
edges of the cores 321 and 33 ' of the coils 2 A 5 and 100 261, and
durino the next moment the edge of the tooth 212 will pass the edges
of the cores 322 and 332 of the coil set 252 and 262 and so on In Fig
Id the first-mentioned position has just been reached dur 105 im the
rotation of the toothed wheel.
The coils are fixed mechanically by means of two pairs of brass rings
43 and 44 The rings of a said pair are fixed by means of grooves
turned 110 in the two side covering plates.
These rings are provided on their side with slots spaced with a pitch
corresponding to the pitch of the arrangement of the cils The coils
may therefore be easily 115 inserted in the slots of the brass ring>,
adjusted to the right position and fixed from the other side by means
of the second slotted brass ring.
Two rows of coils are provided The 120 front row has the task of
indicating the digit value field of the respective denomination
containing the signal indicating the stored digit in question, and
represented by successive sectors I, II 125 of the magnetic storage:3
S For further detailq of such a storage see nmv co-Dending Application
No 1537773 ( 50 (Serial jo.
786,021, The difference hetwen the pitch of the toothed wheel 31 and

the coils O 130 786 041 the figure, character or the like to be
represented, the sets of coils 28 -6 contain either a simple
connecting wire without effective inductive action, connecting the
input with the output of the coil, or a 70 determined number of
windings whose inductive effect is sufficient on excitation to provide
an effective output The Example illustrated in Fig la shows the
windings of the assembly of Fig lb, 75 namely the windings for the
digit " 4 shown in Fig lc.
A switch is 5 provided with seven contact positions 37 1-7 over which
moves a wiper arm 39 The several contact positions are 80 connected to
the respective windings in each of the sets of coils 28 -9 For example
contact position 371 is connected to the first (uppermost) winding in
each set position, 372 is connected to the second winding of 85 each
set, and so on In Fig la windings are shown only at those positions at
which for the printing of the digit " 4 " they would be energized For
the printing of other characters, other combinations of 90 wihdings in
each set would be energized.
The set of coils 281 contains, according to the diagram of Fig lb, the
energized windings for the first vertical row of the digit " 4 " The
two topmost fields of the 95 coil set 231 in Fig lb provide no
effective windings and are therefore marked by a stroke within the
coil, whereas the third to the sixth field indicated by a cross in the
vertical row provide an effective wind 100 ing and the seventh field
of those rows provides again no effective winding The second vertical
row of Fig lb is represented accordingly by the set of coils 282, the
third row by means of set of coils 283, 105 and so on.
The difference between effective and non-effective windings is shown
also in Fig la, where effective or energized windings are for instance
provided iii the 110 fields 3, 4, 5 and 6 of coil system 28 ' for the
first vertical row of the diagram shown in Fig lb The seventh field of
the first vertical rows of the diagram of Fig lb corresponds to the
last (ineffective) wind 115 ing of coil set 28 ' for the digit " 4 "
Coil set 282 contains the effective windings cor.
responding to the second vertical row of the winding diagram of Fig lb
of the digit " 4 " On comparison the further 120 set of coils 283 in
Fig la show also conformity with the following vertical rows of the
diagram in Fig lb for the digit "g 4 ".
The windings of the primary coils 28 125 are excited by means of the
current from the discharge tubes 360-9 The coils 28 are provided with
several windings for each of the tubes, which are associated with the
character to be represented, e g 130 has the advantage of alllowing a
great clearance between the coils in spite of the little distance
between the signals on the magnetic layer, especially if the coils and
the teeth are arranged on the entire peripherv of the stator and rotor

By means of this arrangement all the sectors of the storing tracks are
sensed successively in the course of one rotation of the storage,
because the sensing of a sector with all its field takes place during
the period between the passage of one edge of a yoke e.g of the tooth
27 of the toothed wheel 31 over the edges of the cores 320 and 33 ,
and the passage of the next edge of a yoke e.g the tooth 271 over the
edges 325 33 , all coil systems having been passed during this period
successively by the respective teeth 27 -0 of the toothed wheel 31.
Z O The sensing of the signals (e g computing signals) of the signal
carrier 38 is effected as follows The magnetic signals of the signal
carrier representing a diwit are sensed by means of the signal head 34
and are amplified by the pentode 35 The windings of the primary coils
250 9 are connected together in series within the plate circuit of the
pentode 35.
The excitation of all primary windings 025 takes place at the moment
at which the digit signal in the magnetic second passes under the slot
of the sensing head 34 The edge of tooth 270, svmbolized in Fig la by
a line, when facing the edges of the associated cores 32 and 33,
produces a relatively strong magnetic flow in that pair of cores,
which are magnetically connected at this moment by said tooth The
arrangement of the teeth and the connection with the sighal carrier is
realized in a manner to create an associative relation between the
magnetically connected pairs of coils 25 O and 26 -9 and the fields of
the signal carrier provided for the respective digits The amplified
sgnal can become effective therefore only in that one of the secondary
windings 26 which corresponds to the sector of the record 38 in which
the digit signal was sensed, i e.
corresponds in the last denomination of for instanee a stored number "
1058274 " to the digit " 4 ", and in the penultimate denomination to
the digit " 7 " etc The pulse induced in the corresponding secondary
winding 26 ignites the associated gas discharge tube 3,60-9, in the
case of the first example assumed the gas discharge tube 364.
Each of the sets of primary coils 28 'of the second series of coils in
the wiring diagram of Fig la and in the elevation shown in Fig lb is
provided with a plurality of windings being connected each with one of
the ends of the diseharge relays 36 According to the shape of 7,86,041
786,041 the digit " 4 " The windings having the same position in the
several coil sets 28 are connected in series, the free endings at the
input end of the coil series being jointly connected with the output
of the associated discharge tube 36 The other ends of the windings at
the output end of the last coils in series are connected with the said
switch contacts 3717.
A comparison of the horizontal rows of the diagram of Fig lb with the
coils 28 6 of Fig la show that the first windings of said coils 2816

collectively correspond to the horizontal row 1 of the winding diagram
Correspondingly the first winding of coil 281 is shown as an
ineffective winding corresponding to the stroke in the first field of
the first horizontal row in
Fig lb The upper winding of the coils 282 and 283 are effective
corresponding to the winding represented by a cross in the second and
third fields of the first horizontal row of Fig lb The three last
fields finally of this horizontal row are ineffecfive and are shown as
direct connections.
The control of a printer, without intermediate storage, will be
described at first in the following, the printer being for example
provided for one printing column and printing the character in
vertical direction and being arranged as a dot printer with 6 levers
controlled in parallel as in my co-pending Application No.
372011/64 This example is chosen because it gives the best possibility
to explain the principle of inductive converting Other variations of
the application of this embodiment will be shown subsequently.
The inductive converter works in such a manner that during the
movement of tooth 270 from the edges of a pair of coils to the edges
of the next pair eight stages of the rotation movement are necessary
to represent a letter, the first stage of rotation serving to admit a
sighal from the storage means representing the figure to be printed
and the next seven stages of rotation inducing the conversion of the
signals for the progressive imprinting on seven horizontal lines
disposed one beneath the other by means of six printing levers
operating vertically in parallel.
In this manner it is possible in every rotaton, to print one character
in every field.
The sector I of the signal carrier 35, each sector representing a
denomination, and sector I beinog the last or least significant
denomination is sensed during the first partial rotation After
amplification of the sensed signal " 4 " by means of the pentode 35,
an excitation of the gas discharge tube 364 is caused through the
inductive disstributor 25 -9 and 260 ', because by the time the sighal
" 4 " is under the sensing head,4 the yoke 27.
is opposite the (oils 2;-9-264.
In the course of the second partial rotation the switch arm 39 of the
stepping switch comes into steady contact, lasting 70 throughout such
partial rotation, with contact 371 The windings of the coils 281-6
which are connected in series with the switch 37, cause during this
second partial rotation an excitation of the 75 secondary coils 29 '
and 29 ' No signals are induced in the coils 291 45,6 the uppermost
winding in the respective primary coils 281456 being connected
directly and remaining ineffective The discharge tubes 80 402 and 403

are therefore ignited in the course of this second partial rotation,
bv means of the said secondary coils 992 and 29 ', whereas the
discharge tubes 401 45,6 are not ignited 85 The magnetic coils 411-6
of the printer which has to be controlled or in a modified arrangement
with indirect control, the relays, are arranged in the discharge
circuit of the tubes 4016 the selective ienit 90 ing of the tubes
causing therefore the printing of the elements of a character
according to the first horizontal row of the diagram in Fig lb.
In the course of the third partial rota 95 tion, the same operation is
repeated with the position 372 of the switch arm 39, with the
difference howeverthattintthisease the second windings (which are
always shown as the second from the top) of the coils 10 28 cause the
control of the gas discharge tubes 401 for the digit " 4 " an
excitation being provided again in the second and third places only of
the second horizontal row of the diagram in Fig lb and 105
conseniuentlv, in the arrangement of the windings of the coils 281-6,
onlv in the second and third fields the gas discharge ftues 402,3
being ignited also in this ease, whereas the gas discharge tubes
401,4,5,5 110 are not ignited.
For each operation these gas discharge tubes 401-6 are operated
separately, the tubes being extinguished IW means of a contact swithli
42 after each partial 115 rotation said switch being, controlle l in
dependence on the rotating parts.
In the course of the subse Quent fourth partial rotation the third
horizontal line 120 to be printed is converted into printing signals
The excitation will take place in the position 37 ' of the switch arm
39.
which provides effective windings only in the coils 28 ' and 28 ',
whereas in the next 1 'a following positions no effective connections
exist Thuns, the pulses for one printing line after the other are
supplied by the converter to the discharge tubes 401 which, atfer a
seven-fold operation, have 130 with an effective winding in the
uppermost row The coils 28 456 are however provided with an effective
winding, and the coil 28 ' contains an ineffective winding, according
to the first vertical row of Fig 70 lb, and so on for the remaining
vertical rows With this arrangement the printing with seven printing
means which are operative in parallel is possible per partial rotation
75 It is easily comprehensible that maintaining the above described
arrangement of the windings, the operation of a line printer with only
one excitation for the printing magnet is possible, but naturally 80
with a corresponding diminution of capacity Such printing lever
apparatus are described for instance in my co-pending Application Noo
37203154 (Serial No.
7 b 5,028) In this case only one gas dis 85 charge tube 4 l( is

necessary, connected to the secondary coil 29 '', which may themselves
be connected in series For the reproduction of digits the arrangement
of the coils 28 and 29 may finally be executed go with ten parts, the
converter being thus effective containing for all the figures 0-9 "
one pair of coils respectively which receives the digits necessary for
one digit and contains the respective digit 95 windings.
Instead of the direct control of a singleline, one-digit, dot or line
parallel printer by means of said converting means, as has been
described, the con 100 verter may, for increased efficiency, operate
together with a storage means, for instance for the control of multi
column dot or line printers In this case there are two fundamental
possibilities for record 105 ing the resulting signal sequences In one
case the signal sequences of the first horizontal row of the diagram
of Fig.
lb on each sector (second partial rotation) are recorded on the
storage means By this 110 converting and storing, the gas discharge
tube 361 is ignited in accordance with the signal " 4 " in sector I,
and is extinguished at the end of this sector Thereupon, in sector II
the signal " 7 is 115 sensed and after amplification through pentode
35, aided by the primary windings 251 through the secondary winding
267, ignites the respective gas discharge tube 367 As during the first
rotation, the 120 switch arm 39 occupies still the position 371, the
signal sequences of the first vertical row of the digit " 7 " are
recorded in said storage during the first partial rotation (relative
to sector II) At the 125 passage of the sensing head 34 of pentode
over sector III, with the magnetic signal " 2 " during this first
rotation, the gas discharge tube 30 ' is ignited by means of the
amplifying pentode 35, tho 230 effected the printing of all signal
sequences for the corresponding character.
Subsequently the process may begin again, the signals of digit " 7 "
in sector II on the computing signal carrier 38 causing during the
first part of the second rotation of the toothed wheel 31 the ignition
of the gas discharge tube 367 causing the same process during the
seven following partial rotations as the process just extensively
described for the digit " 4 ", but releasing a sequence of pulses
appropriate to the digit " 7 ".
The current supply is not interrupted during the passage of the switch
aria 39 from one position to another the arm having switched already
to a succeeding contact before it leaves the preceding contact; the
current is therefore not interrupted and the gas discharge tubes 36 -9
are thus not extinguished during the switching of the arm 39 over
contacts 371 but are extinguished only when the switching and the
printing of the character are terminated.
To indicate that a difference may exist between the time period for

the operation of the mechanical printing arms, and the time period for
the igniting and controlling processes by means of the converter, the
coils are arranged on a half only of the stator shown in Fig Id During
a rotational process an accommodation to the movement of the printing
levers is thus obtained, whereas during the progression of the
printing levers movement no additional control is necessary because
the thyratrons or the like have already effected the control.
It is obviously possible, without changing the principle of the
procedure, instead of using vertically moving printers, printing
simultaneously horizontal rows of dots one beneath the other, to use
horizontally operating printers comprising (for characters as in the
present assembly, composed of elements according to Fig.
lb) seven printing levers printing horizontally in parallel In this
case seven pairs of coils 28, 29 would be provided instead of 6 coils.
On the diagrammatic design of Fig Id as many as ten pairs of coils are
provided, thus making it possible to convert by means of this
converter, patterns composed of nine lines and thereby permitting the
reproduction for example of both capital and small letters The
switching processes are the same but with the sole difference that the
mutual connection of the coil windings is provided according to the
vertical sensing of the wiring diagram of Fig lb, the coil 28 ' having
as before, no effective winding in the uppermost row but the coil 28 '
also not being provided 786,04 786,041 primary windings 2 2 and the
secondary winding 26 '.
The digit signals of all sectors provide therefore the recording of
the vertical row of the figures, letters or other characters, which
have to be printed with one continuous pulse line, the extent of which
corresponds to the dot printing line which should be printed during
the first printing line of a multi column printer according to my
co-pending Application No.
37203154 (Seral No 786,024).
In Fig 3 a of my co-pending Application No 37208/54 (Serial No
7-56,028) converted printing signal sequences for the expression "
multi-column printing unit by " are shown as stored on a drum If such
a drum were used with the present converter, during the first partial
rotational switch 39 would move to contact 372 In this case the same
cycle is repeated which has been described above for the recording of
the printing pulse sequences of the first row on the drum, except that
during this rotation the printing signal sequences of the letters of
the second vertical row of the diagram of Fig.
lb are recorded At the third rotation the printing signal sequences of
the third vertical row are recorded magnetically according to the
diagram of Fig lb.
The recording is effected by means of one or several sensing heads

controlled by the gas discharge tubes 40 -' First, the recording on
storage means by means of a signal head instead of the direct control
of the printer is described In this case the discharge tubes influence
a recording head If the recording head is moved step by step along a
path on the storage means, the printing signal sequences, for instance
for the said expresion " MultiCblumn Pr ' are recorded, as shown in
Fig 3 a of the said co-pending application These printing signal
sequences are all recorded after seven rotations and with the
step-by-step movement of the switch arm 39 over all the switching
contacts 3 X 1-7} and the movement of the signal head taking place
step by step along the drum Instead of the drum a tape storage could
be used The recorded signal sequences correspond completely to the
letters, which may then be represented either by printing, for
instance with a multi-column printer according to my said co-pending
applications, or by a multi-column visual indication by means of a
cathode ray tube, as is described below.
If a complete conversion into printing signal sequences has to be
effected during one rotation, seven recording heads are provided on
paths conveniently disposed side by side on the storage medium In this
case of parallel tracks and with multi-column dot or line printers,
seven series of coils 28 l and 29 " nad seven gas discharge tubes
401-7 are used, each controlling the recording per partial 7 movement
of the signal carrier, and they may also be used again, tracl by
track, to control the printer when the recorded signals are being
sensed.
Completing' the above description, the 7 conversion of signals by
means of a crossing field system will now be explained, with reference
to Figs 2 a and 2 b The ensuing description deals however with the
fundamental explanation of the con 8 & version of signals by means of
the crossing coil system In Fig 2 b the conversion and sebsequent
visual indication of the number -28 " is shown by way of example 8 '
The cathode ray in the cathode ray tube 44 moves linewise horizontally
in the direction of the arrow 45 shown in Fig.
2.b The movement, of this ray is synchronized with the movement of the
record 9 ( means a, which in this case is considered as a track on a
rotating magnetic record means, and bo that for each rotation of the
record means the cathode ray moves along one line That is to say, in
the first rota 9 ' lion of the record means the cathode ray would move
from the right to the left (Fig 2 b) in the top most line of a
seriesof lines passing thiough through ali the denominations capable
so being indicated 10 and, alter instant returning, would during a
second rotation of the record means again move from the right co the
left on the second line and so on, and in the last rotation of the
record means the cathode 10 ray would move from right to left in the

lowermost line of the series.
The distributing switch 46 moves synchronously with the further
distributing switch 47, and both move step-by-step in 11 l synchronism
with the rotation of the record means That is to say, after each
rotation of the record means the distributing switches move forward
one step.
Referring now to Fig 2 a there is a series 1 jj of yokes 27 rotating
mechanically, and connected with the said magnetic storage ineans
provided with the signal track a.
The yokes of the series 2 '> 9 are arranged staggered by steps equal
to a digit field on 12 the record means, the yoke 2 a 7 ' for instance
passing the cores of the primary coil 2 '9 and the secondary 2 6 ' at
the niomient at which the magnetic field " 9 " of the track a on the
record means passes 12 ' under the sensing' head 34, and the yoke 27
passes the cores of the respective coils 250 and 2 W as the field " O
" of the track a passes under the slot of the sensing head 34, the
yoke 27 ' passing thereafter the 1 X B ignited, a signal " 8 " being
sensed in sector I of the record means, and a magnetic flux of double
intensity is generated in the coils of first vertical row a, which are
marked in the drawing with a cross, 70 since the windings of the
vertical row a and the windings in the discharge circuit of the
discharge tube 368 are crossing within these coils these being the
only coils in row a in this digit In all the 75 other rows b, C of
this digit series of windings only a one-fold magnetic flux is
effected.
According to Fig 2 a each of the crossing systems 5 { 0-59 is always
provided in 80 each row with so many windings (insulated from each
other) as the outline of the character to be controlled by the system
requires Beginning from the bottom, cores 599 and 598 of the crossing
85 field system for the digit " 9 " have no windings at all The core
597 is provided with two windings insulated from each other the first
lying in the vertical row b and being connected with one end to the 90
distributor contact 46 b The second winding of this core (third
horizontal row from the bottom) is connected in the vertical row c
ending at the distributor contact 46 c The two windings represent the
95 anterior mosaic row of the outline of digit " 9 ".
Corresponding cores 596-5-4 each contains the windings in the rows ac
I/dg The core 59 ' contains the vertical windings 100 b/c/die/f, and
cores 591 and 59 contain no windings In this description, the
expression " no windings ", means " no effective windings ", and
includes connected windings not made effective; they 105 may exist
because of the simplicity of the fabrication of standardised coils,
and for the possibility of the variation of their use by different
connections when required.

All these coils in the cross-fields 59 110 contain a supplementary
winding connected into the discharge circuit of the discharge tube for
the digit " 9 ", namely tube 3 G 6 and insulated from all other
windings 115 No windings are provided on the cores 58 and 581 (first
and second horizontal rows of the crossing system 68) Core 582
contains the windings b/clel/, the cores 5836 contain the windings
connected in 120 the vertical rows afd/g Cores 587 contain windings in
the vertical row b/ole/f The last two cores 588 and 589 contan no
windings The cores of the crossing field system 58 for the digit " 8 "
each are 125 provided with an additional winding lying in the
discharge circuit of the discharge tube 368.
Each of the other crossing field systems
7 "-' O " is similarly provided with 130 cores of the coils 251 and 26
' at the sensing of field " 1 ", and so on.
If for example the number " 28 " has to be indicated, the magnetic
signal " 8 " on sector I of track a will excite the primary coils 25
-9 at the moment at which the yoke 278 passes between the primary coil
258 and the secondary coil 268, the discharge tube 368 being ignited
therefore at this same moment.
At the passing of the magietic signal 2 " contained in field 2 of
sector II, discharge tube 36 ' will be ignited, the yoke 2 i' lying at
this moment between the cores of the coils 25 ' and 262 Thus, during
the passage of each sector, that one of the ten discharge tubes 36 -9,
which corresponds to the digit of the signal contained in and sensed
from said sector, will be ignited and will remain ignited so long as
the same sector continues to pass the signal head.
The illuminating of the cathode ray tube to show the digits is
effected by means of the so-called crossing field system permitting
the production of a transformed series of signals The principle of
this system is illustrated with reference to Fig 2 a Windings are
provided on inductively excitable bodies 50-59 The bodies 60-69,
provided with ten teeth, which are inductively excitable too, are
arranged facing the bodies 50-59 Each of the bodies 50-59 is provided
with a plurality of windings, being differently connected
corresponding to the figure to be represented The vertically connected
windings have a different significance f rom the horizontally
connected windings.
In Fig 2 a the positive pole 48 is connected via distributor switch 46
to the windings of one or other of the vertical rows a,b,c,d k of the
series of cross coil fields 50-59, one series for each character to be
indicated, these windings in all the vertical rows terminating at the
negative pole 49 The distributor switch 47 is connected to the
deflecting plate 70 of the cathode ray tube 44 for vertical deflection
of the cathode ray Its contacts 471 lead to tappings of the resistance

73 which effect the vertical deflection of the cathode ray from line
to line.
During the first rotation of the record means the distributing
switches 46 and 47 are in the extreme left position a In this case the
windings of the vertical rows a-59 a in the cross field systems 50-59
are excited, as the distributor switch 46 connects the positive pole
48 to the distributor contact 46 a, and thereby to the vertical row a
of the said windings, terminating in the negative pole 49 Since within
the first sector, at the rotation of the record means, the discharge
tube 368 is Vi 86,041 windings in the same way as the two crossing
coil systems " 9 " and " 8 " described, the windings being connected
in vertical rows a /blc/dle Iflg and each coil system 9-0 O being
connected horizontally by an additional winding in the discharge
circuit of the co-ordinated discharge tube 36 ' , to define the
required digit where coils in horizontal and vertical rows coincide.
Each of the vertical row connections a/b/c/ct/e/flg is therefore "
crossed " by the supplementary windings connected into the discharge
circuit of the respective dicharge tubes 36 -.
Although no connection by actual contact exist between these vertical
and horizontal rows of windings it is possible to utilise this
crossing magnetically by means of a more intensive magnetic flow at
the crossing fields of two windings.
This fact may be very useful for the generation of reliable high
intensity pulses by means of this simple device, for the control of
other operations, for instance indicating operations and also
computing and printing operations, without the necessity of
supplementary amplifiers, sychronizing generators, or the like.
The difference between the one-fold and the doubled magnetic flux is
used for the control of the transforming or coding of the signals In
order to make this difference especially effective, all the coils
contain a constant complementary winding (not shown in the drawings)
by which a constant magnetic negative flux is biassed with an
intensity some degrees higher than the positive magnetic flux
generated within the core of a coil when excited in onie winding only
The negative bias of the magnetic flux is on the other hand far lower
than the doubled positive magnetic flux generated with the core of a
coil of which two windings are excited, and of which the core is
saturated Therefore, at the passing of yokes 71 between the primary
cores 50 'u- 59 ' and the secondary cores 60 '' 69 '-', only at these
places where the two windings are excited can an effective induction
in the secondary windings 60-G 6 t be generated Ten yokes 71 are
provided, which pass between the respective cores 5009-9-5900 and 60
'-'-69 '-', but in such a way, that yoke 71 passes the cores W O -'
and 60 '-9, whilst yoke 711 passes by the cores 51 -9 and 61 Q', yoke

712 by the cores 52 '-9 and 620-9 the yoke 713 by the cores 53 and 63
'-9, and so on.
Since during the passing of sensing head 34 over sector I of the
record means in the first rotation only the discharge tube 36 ' has
been excited, only the cores '5 S to 58 have the double excitation
required for the induction of voltage pulses within the secondary
coils 68 by which amplifier 72 is opened The amplifier feeds a pulse
to the control grid of the 70 cathode ray tube 44 so that in the upper
deflection line of the last (least significant) denomination, four
fluorescent-points appear (see Fig 2 b) whilst the cathode ray is
deflected horizontally in that line 75 by the deflecting plate system
70 in dependence on the tappings of resistor 73 connected to
distributor 47 As at the passing-over of the sensing head 34 to sector
II during the first rotation phase, i e 80 during the deflection of
the cathode ray in the top line, discharge tube 362 will be ignited
because of the sensing of a signal " 2 " in that sector, and four
fluorescent-points will appear as the 85 upper row of the shape of the
digit " 2 " (see Fig 'b) just as has happened earlier for digit 8 " in
the first denomination.
As the succeeding sectors of the record means are without signals, at
the switch 90 ing position of distributing switch 46, no further
fluorescent points will appear in the upper row on the cathode ray
screen These fluorescent points are marked black on the drawing
although in actuality 95 they are small bright points on a dark
screen.
In the second rotation phase, namely during the second rotation of the
record means, the same proceedings are repeated 100 but with the
difference that now the distributor 46 has switched over to the
contact 46 b, so that the windings of the vertical row b in coils
50-59 are pre-excited, and also the cathode ray has been 1-s deflected
downwards by one line Since within the first sector discharge tube 36
' will again be ighited, and in the second sector discharge tube 362,
in this position of the 110 distributor switch 46 and the deflecting
distributor 47 the cores 58 and 58 ' have a double excitation, and the
cores -523 and 5.2 ' are double excited for the respective
denominations Therefore, during this 115 second cycle of the movement
of the record means, the bright small fluorescent points in the
outlines of the digits 22 " and " 8 " appear on the cathode ray
screen, in the second deflection line 120 During the third phase of
the movement of the record means and at switch position c of
distributor switch 46 and deflecting switch 47, the bright fluorescent
points of these digit outlines appear 125 in the third deflection
line, and eventually, at the end of the seventh phase of rotation, the
complete number ' 28 appears in full size on the screen of the cathode

ray tube 44 130 786,041 o 86,041 The persistence of vision in human
eyes, and the remanence of signals on fluorescent screen of the
cathode ray tube, have the effect that at the repeated runningthrough
of the cathode ray over the screen, and with bright fluorescent points
at the same spots, the digits " 2 " and " 8 " are seen clearly as
apparently continuous images on the screen.
The same effect can be used for other purposes for other characters
than digits and also for other purposes than visual indication, for
example for printing and for computing purposes It will be seen 1 S
that any number of the denominations of a number or a word can be
indicated at the same time by means of only one signal converter, the
various characters in the respective denominations being built up line
by line This arrangement therefore allows that a multi-denomination
transforming of symbolized magnetic or other signals corresponding to
the complete content of whole lines of characters is possible with the
use of a converter for only one denomination.
Other forms of converter or transformer may be employed instead of the
cross field system Also, instead of the characters in all the
denominations being built up line by line simultaneously, the
arrangement may be that the numbers or other characters are each
formed complete, one after another, that is to say first the character
in one denomination (e g the lowest denomination) and then the
character in the next denomination and so on.
It is possible also for one cathode ray to indicate a number of rows
of characters instead of one row only, the ray after scanning the
bottom line of characters in one row then being deflected still
further downwards to write the top line in the following row.
Fig 3 shows one way in which the printing of characters may be
realised with the same device which was described with reference to
Figs 2 a and 2 b for their visual indication The difference between
the two arrangements is the provision of a supplementary distributor
74 and a multicolumn-mosaic-printing unit 75, both of which are
controlled by means of the crossing field systems 50-59.
The pulse sequences generated in the secondary coils 60-69 and
amplified by means of the capacity-discharge circuit 6177 are, in the
case of printing, delivered to the primary coils 78 of the additional
distributor 74 instead of being delivered to the control grid of the
cathode ray tube 44 If both printing and indicating are to take place
simultaneously the control grid and the cathode of the cathode ray
tube are connected in parallel to the primary windings 78 of the
distributor 74.
The distributor 74 differs from the distributor of the crossing field
systems 50-
59 in that it is provided with only one 70 yoke 80 instead of a series

of yokes The windings of the secondary coils 79 of the additional
distributor are connected via a plug panel, or an interchangeable
control unit 81 and containing little dis 75 charge relays 82 (for
instance glow lamps with a cold cathode and a supplementary ignition
electrode-see Fig 4) to the control coils of the parallel printing
levers of the printer 75 This printer may, for 80 example, be as set
forth in either of my co-pending Applications for Patent Nos.
37201/54 and 37206/54 (Serial Nos.
786,02 W and 786,0127) In the example shown, the sectors of the
distributors and 85 the printing levers are connected in parallel by
means of the plug board 81, the digits of the magnetic pulses on
sector I being printed as the lowest denomination by the first
printing lever group, the 90 magnetic pulses on sector II as the
penultimate denomination by the second printing lever group, and so
on.
The printing phase shown in Fig 3 represents 5 lines of the number "
28 " 95 The same phase of visual indication will appear as bright
points on the screen of the cathode ray tube 44, corresponding fully
to those of the black dots on the paper 83 In this multi-column mosaic
100 printer the continuous movement of the paper 83 in direction of
the arrow 84 corresponds to the vertical deflection of the cathode ray
for the different lines on the screen of tube 44 105 The principle by
which it is possible to dispose the printing levers of the printer in
very strictly spaced relation, perinitting a very close contact of the
printing dots of the levers on the paper with 110 very high
frequencies as well as a reliable control by means of their coils, has
been described in my co-pending Application No 37206/54 (Serial No
786,027) The present invention allows of the conversion 115 of the
magnetic pulses of the storage means or the like, into pulse sequences
adapted to build up mosaic characters both for visual indication and
for printing This mosaic printing is possible if 120 the printing
levers can follow with the rhythm of their up and down movement the
pulse sequences of the pulse-converting device of the crossing field
system.
A similar arrangement is shown in Fig 125 4 differing from the one
previously described only by the use of a single coluoinin mosaic
printing unit 85 having 1 printing levers 86 which are controlled by
the respective coils 87 9 In Fig 4 the 130 780,041 track of the
storage means (track a), the sensing head 34 and its amplifier 88, the
primary coils 250 ', the yokes 27 '-9 the secondary coils 26 and the
discharge tubes 36 are absolutely identical with the arrangements
shown in Figs la-3, but the crossing field systems 90-99 differ in
that the vertical connection of the windings in the different rows
a-h, is such that the outlines of the digits represented are rotated

by 900 ' with respect to the arrangement of the coils in the systems
50 -59 of Figs 2 and 3 The yokes 71 ', the secondary windings 6069,
and the capacity discharge circuit 76 and 77 are again identical with
those in Figs 2 and 3 In the arrangement of Fig.
4 however the control of the capacity discharge circuit is effected
via an amplifier 89 The primary coils 78 9 and the secondary coils 79
-9 of the additional distributor 74 are similar to those in Fig 3 with
the sole difference that according to the modified arrangement of the
crossing field system 90-99, the set of yokes 80 and the ten-fold
arrangement of secondary coils 79 ', the discharge tubes 82 _U, are
excited with another rhythm.
The single column mosaic printer 85 contains ten printing levers 861-1
' only with the printing points 1 G 00, and the paper 8-3 is moved
past said printing points 100 in direction of the arrow 84 Instead of
moving the paper 8 3 relatively to the printing levers 86, these
levers may be moved in relation to the paper, with the same effect.
The process is similar in principle to that described above with
reference to Fig 3 On each rotation of the rotating record means the
printing points 100 are moved downwards into printing contact with the
paper once in responce to any signals on the record means While with
the process described with reference to Fig 3 the mosaic pulses
corresponding to one horizontal line were printed simultaneously for
all sectors of the storage means, the ignition of the discharge tubes
36 -9, being changed from sector to sector during one rotation of the
storage means or the like, in the arrangement shown in Fig 4 the gas
discharge tube is ignited in the first of ten rotations of the record
means and is extinguished only after the completion of ten rotations,
the mosaic character outline of one column or denomination being
written entirely during one ignition of one of the discharge tubes 36
-9, that is to say during ten rotations of the record means.
If the outlines of the characters are printed denomination by
denomination from the left to the right-hand side as shown by the
movement of the paper 83 in relation to the printing points 100 of the
printing levers 860-10, the storage means will be sensed beginning
with the highest sector, i e the most significant sector, the sensing
finally ending with the 70 sensing of sector I.
In each rotation, the distributor 46 switches from one row to another
of the rows a-k of the vertical rows of the crossing field systems
90-99 If for 75 instance the lowest denomination " 8 " representing
the digit of a magnetic signal " 8 on sector I of the storage means is
to be printed, the discharge tube 36 ' is ignited by sensing head '34
via 80 amplifier 88, primary coil 25 and secondary coil 26 ' connected
magnetically by means of the yoke 278 in the series of yokes 27 i
these yokes being staggered each by one field as described above In 85

Fig 4 the ignition of tube 36 ' is indicated by a closer hatching of
the tube symbol.
As at the crossing points between the excited windings of the vertical
rows a-7 k" and the horizontal additionally 90 excited windings, an
increased magnetic flow is created in the co-ordinated cores 98 9 of
the crossing field system " 8 ", voltage pulses are produced in the
relative secondary coils 68 -9 each time a 95 more strongly excited
core is passed by a yoke 71.
The relay tube 82 ' is ignited by means of this distributor 74 when
the secondary coil 79 ' is excited, relay tube 821 isignited 100 on
excitation of secondary coil 791 relay tube 822 on excitation of
secondary coil 792 and so on The first vertical row of the digit " S "
was written mosaic-like by printin, points 100, when the printina'
levers 105 862, 863, 86 and 860 had moved downwards, the windings of
the row a of the crossing coil system 98 having produced voltage
pulses, namely through the secondary coils 6823 6, by which, via
amplifier 110 89 primary coils 780 and secondary coils 792, 793, 793
and 796, by which the relay tubes 822,250 were ignited and controlled
the associated printing coils 872, 872, 87 and 870 115 During the
printing phase shown in Fig 4 the second vertical row in the digit " 8
" has just been printed, the distributor 46 having switched to the
vertical row b of the rows " a-k " In the next 120 position c of the
distributor 46, the double excitation will take place in this vertical
row c in the cores 980 98 and 956 the respective relay tubes 82, 823
and 82 ' being ignited via, the secondary coils 79 ', 125 7 X 92 and
796 exciting the co-ordinated printing coils 870, 87 " and 570 Thus
all different characters can be printed by the mosaic-like
arranoemient of the dots on the paper, from single magnetic signals,
130 a O 786,041 one for each character, in the second means 38.
While the above description dealt with the conversion of digits into
signal sequences adapted to be indicated and/or printed on the dot and
line principle, the description now following deals also with the
conversion of symbols for alphabetic and other characters into signal
sequences for representation in a similar manner, either by printing
or by cathode ray visual indicating means Figs '5 a and 5 b indicate
how various characters may be built up, including digits, alphabetic
characters and punctuation marks.
In Fig 5 a the mosaic outlines of the digits 0-9 are shown in the
left-hand vertical row The next vertical row shows the capital letters
A-J and the third row shows the capital letters K-T, whilst the fourth
row shows the capital letters U-Z.
By this disposition of the characters into rows, a crosswise relation
between the characters in the rows (for instance OIAIKITJ) can be
indicated by adding to a fundamental symbol taken in the first

vertical row, a supplementary signal indicating which character in
another vertical row is intended For instance, using the supplementary
signals a, b, c, d, the signiification of the of the basic symbol " 0
" of the first row is indicated (by symbol 0-a) to be 0 The additon of
a symbol b to the basic symbol 0 (symbol 0-b) gives the signification
of A; the addition of symbol c to basic symbol 01 gives the
symbolizing of K, and the addition of symbol d to basic symbol O gives
the significance of -U If a further supplementary symbol e is used,
the addition of both symbols b and c to the basic symbols 0-9 gives
the signification of the equivalent symbols of the row a-j of small
letters a-j (Fig 5 b) instead of a symbol in the row of capital
letters A-J The addition of the two symbols a and e to the basic
symbols 0-9 gives the signification of the equivalent symbol in the
row of small letters k-t (Fig 5 b) instead of the capital letters K-T
Finally the addition ol the two symbols d-ie to the basic symbols 0-9
designates the small letters U-Z instead of the capital letters U-Z.
The addition of the supplementary symbols a and e to the basic symbols
0-9 gives rise to the respective punctuation marks,;:? l()-= Further
symbolisms may be added.
Fig 6 a shows a computing signal carried in the foirm of a
magnetizable tape The tape 103 is provided with the usual feeding
holes, for instance holes 104, similar to those in photographic films
Instead of a photographic (photosensitive) layer this tape is provided
with a magnetizable layer and the layer is divided into imaginary rows
(beginning from above: e-a and 0-9) This imaginary subdivision
corresponds to 70 signal tracks transversed by sensing and recording
heads arranged conveniently as a multi-head-system, between which and
the tape there is a relative movement lengthwise of the tape The
vertical 75 columns have the signification of denominations for digits
as well as of columns or letter spaces for letters.
To symbolize for example the expression " Radio 1950 l" with this
tians 80 formation scheme, the first vertical or transverse column 105
' of the magnetizable tape, containing the letter " R ", contains
magnetic signals at the crossing points of the tracks 7 and c with the
ver 85 tical column 1051 The next letter " a " is symbolized in the
next column 1015 ' by the basic symbol 0, and the supplementary
symbols b and e (compare Fig 6 b and Fig 5 b) The other characters are
imdi 90 cated correspondingly The subdivision of the columns 1051-n
may be provided according to the different tasks of printing,
computing, storing and other organizing operations similarly to the
columns of 95 punched cards.
Fig 6 b shows diagramatically the distribution of the different signal
combinations to be converted into mosaic pulses.
The lower horizontal rows 0-9 show the 100 relationship of all the

characters of Figs.
a and 5 b to the fundamental characters 0-9, whilst the upper
horizontal rows a-h indicate which of the vertical columns is to be
selected, according to the 105 supplementary signals used The
operations for the transformation or conversion of individual magnetic
signals 0-9 with supplementary signals a-e into sequences of pulses
will now be described 110 with reference to Figs 7 a and 7 b These
figures differ from Figs 2 a and 2 b only by including supplementary
rows of crossing field systems and the associated supplementary
discharge tubes 107-111 115 which are provided to receive the
supplementary pulses a-e.
The discharge tubes 3609 in Fig 7 a correspond completely to those
with the same reference numbers in Fig 2 a The 120 crossing field
systems 1120 differ from the systems 50-59 of Figs 2 a only by two
additional windings excited by means of the gas discharge tubes 107
and 111 With the same mode of distribution as in Figs 125 2 a the row
of yokes 71 causes a connection by magnetic flux between the crossing
field systems 112 and the secondary coils 120 '9, which are absolutely
identical with those indicated 130 1.1 by reference numbers 60-69 in
Figs.
2-4.
The same can be said for the distributing switch 46, the amplifier 89
with capacity discharge circuit and the cathode ray tube 44 The
deflecting distributor, not shown in Fig 7 a, causes a line-wise
deflection of the cathode ray, indicating by bright points on the
screen 128 the letters represented by the sensed signals.
In this case, the magnetic signals are not carried by rotating storage
means as was the case in Fig 2 a, but on a magnetic tape as described
above with reference to Fig 6 a The different characters are
symbolized by magnetic signals in the transverse columns 1051-n and
are sensed by the signal heads 1299-a 0-9 which are arranged over the
length-wise rows or tracks e-a and 0-9 The signal heads are for
sensing, recordihg and erasing, but in the example shown only sensing
heads are indicated Each of these sensing heads 199 e-a - is connected
via a co-ordinated amplifier tube 1300 a,09 to corresponding
co-ordinated discharge tubes 36 9 and 107-111, one for each of the
lines or tracks e-a, 0-9.
The feeding holes of the tape 10-3 are identical with those of Fig 6 a
Between said tape and the sensing heads 1290-a -9 there is a relative
movement in order to produce voltage pulses in those sensing coils
passing for instance over a point of remanent magnetism representing
mag-netic signals These voltage pulses are fed by means of the
respective amplifiers e-a,0-9 with separate tubes to the respective
discharge tubes 36 and 107-111.

While the discharge tubes 360-9 excite the horizohtally-connected
windings of the crossing field systems 112-11 ' by means of the
distributors 46, as in Fig 2 a, the discharge tubes 107-111 excite the
before-mentioned supplementary windihgs of these crossing field
systems by means of the same distributor.
Ignition of the discharge tube 107, correspondiig to the additional
pulse a in the case of the symbolization of digits, causes the
excitation of the supplementary windings of the first two rows of
crossing fields 112 '-9 and 113 '9, the first containing the crossing
field systems for digits and the latter the systems for the
punctuation marks to = (compare Figs 5 a and b).
Ignition of the discharge tube 108, corresponding to the additional
pulse b causes the excitation of supplementary windings in the
crossing fields 1140-9 alnd 115 i-', producing by means of the
consequent double excitations the printing signal sequences for the
capital letters A-T and the small letters a-j Ignition of the
discharge tube 109, by meahs of a supplementary magnetic symbol pulse
c on the tape 103 causes the excitation of supplementary windings in
the rows of crossing fields 116 9 and 1170-9, generating the 70 pulse
sequences for the capital letters K-T and the small letters k-t anid
ignition of the discharge tube 110 by means of a supplementary
excitation of supplementary windings in the crossing 75 fields 118 and
119 " 9, generates the pulse sequences for the capital letters U-Z and
the small letters u-a.
Obviously, a pair of coil systems is always excited by means of these
supple 80 mentary windings in the vertically connected rows, said pair
corresponding with regard to a cross-wise disposition of the
characters as in Figs I 5 a and -5 b one row always being provided
with the supple 85 mentary windings for the digits or capital letters
and the other contains those for the punctuation marks and small
letters, e.g row 114 9 contains the coils for the capital letters A-J
and row 115 9 those 90 for the corresponding small letters a-j
Excitation of the discharge tubes 36 -9 corresponds to the basic
symbols O O-9 of the symbol schemes in Figs 5 a, 5 b ahd 95 Gb and
excitation of the discharge tubes 107-111 corresponds to the
supplementary symbols a-d of these schemes.
Which one of the simultaneously excited vertical rows 1121113,
114/115, 100 116/117 and 118/119 will be chosen for the excitation of
the desired pulse sequences will be determined, according to the
system of symbolization in Figs 5 a, b and 6 b, by the supplementary
symbol 107 e A symbolization, for instance, without the supplementary
symbol e signifies e g.
A, whereas the same symbolization with the supplementary symbol e has
the signification of a The vertical crossino 110 coil rows in each

second vertical row 11-3, 115, 117 and 119 of these pairs therefore
contain additional positive windings, and in the rows 112, 114, 116
and 118 there are additional negative windings, i e 115 reversed
windings These additional windingxs are excited by means of the
discharge tube 11 controlled by the magnetic signals within row 1310
of tape 103.
On symbolizing letters instead of figures 120 the determination
whether a pulse shall be produced by the crossing field system or not
in the embodiment of Figs ea does not depend on a double magnetic flux
as in Figs 2 a, but depends on a three-fold 125 magnetic flux The
first excitation is given in the vertical rows a-It by means of the
distributing switch 46, as in Fig 2 a, determining the excitation of
the comiponent parts of the different letters only 130 78 B,0,41
786,0411 The second excitation is produced by means of the discharge
tubes 360 corresponding to the bsaic or fundamental symbols 0-9, and
the third excitation of the crossing coil rows is produced by means of
the discharge tubes 107-111 inserting the supplementary symbols a-J.
As the crossing field systems according to the processes for
indication of the digits have a negative magnetic bias, i e in the
embodiment illustrated a double negative flux in the vertical rows of
the systems 112, 114, 116 and 118 and a three-fold negative flux in
the vertical rows of the systems 113, 115, 117 and 119, only those
crossing field systems have a positive magnetic flux in their
inductively efficient fields, which lie in the crossing field of an
ignited discharge tube 3 G 9 and its horizontally influenced line, and
in the inserted vertical row of the rows a-h, switched by means of
distributor 46 during each rotation, and in the vertical row of one of
the ignited discharge tubes 107-111, and which are connected with the
vertical rows of the systems 112, 114, 116 and 118 when the discharge
tube 111 is ignited and to the rows of the systems 113, 115, 117 and
119, when the tube l 11 is not ignited.
If the crossing field systems are to be excited, the process will be
similar to the one described above with reference to Fig.
2 a, with the sole difference that a supplementary excitation is
produced by means of the additionally connected vertical windings in
the crossing coil row 112 and the discharge tube 107 corresponding to
the supplementary signal a in row 131.
of tape 103, and this excitation is reduced again if the crossing
field row 112 is provided with an initial magnetic flux of double
intensity.
The vertical rows of crossing coils in the respective systems 113 "
having a magnetic bias of three-fold intensity, no positive magnetic
flux can originate in this vertical row if discharge tube 111 is not
ignited A positive magnetic flux therefore will be produced at the

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