GB786074 (A) Heat Exchanger Tube Assembly Patent

* GB786074 (A)
Description: GB786074 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Improvements in heat exchangers of the tubular type
Description of GB786074 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventors: GUSTAV CONRAD E'GENWALL and OSCAR PERSSON786,074 Date of
Application and filing Complete Specification: Dec 29, 1954,
In e X 9 No37544/54.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957.
Index at acceptance;-Classes 64 ( 3), 510; and 83 ( 2), A 158.
International Classification:-B 23 p F 25 h.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Heat Exchangers of the Tubular Type We, AKTIEBOLAGET
ROSENBLADS PATENTER a Swedish Company of Kommendbrsgatan 16,
Stockholm, Sweden, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described, in and by the following
statement: -
This invention relates to indirect heat exchangers having heat
transferring tubes extending in spaced parallel relation to each other
and assembled in the form of a bundle.
It is common practice to maintain the tubes of such heat exchangers in
their assembled state by means of locating end plate or header having
holes for the tubes but otherwise being solid in structure, and
unidirectional tube ends being fitted into the holes and rigidly
secured to said plate As a rule the rigid connection is effected, by
welding the tube ends to the end plate, or by rolling the tube ends
into the holes in said plate The application of the rolling method is
limited to those cases where the tubes are comparatively thick-walled
and thus rigid after the rolling operation, and where they are
relatively widely spaced apart whereby the material of the end plate,
even in its narrowest portions in the areas between the holes will
offer sufficient resistance to the rolling pressure The welding method
offers greater flexibility in these respects, but in the case of

thin-walled tubes, difficulties, in many cases insurmountable, are
encountered in welding the thin tube wall into the substantially
thicker, solid end, plate without the danger of burning through the
tube wall Hence, the system employing a solid tube end wall is not
suitable for thin-walled tubes.
In such cases attempts have been made to avoid the difficulties, inter
alia, by welding the tubes to each other directly along the narrow
outer edges of portions corbelled out or expanded from the tube ends
In this manner the welding may take place throughout between portions
of mutually equal thickness of the material, whereby the danger of
burning through the material of the tube is lPrice 3 s 6 d l excluded
However the forceful interconnecting bridge element constituted 'by
the end plate in the system referred to above is entirely lacking, so
that the last-mentioned system is unsuitable for heat exchangers of
the kind stated which, in operation, are liable to 'be subjected to
high external pressures.
The present invention has for its object to provide a construction
which enables thinwalled tubes to be welded together in closely spaced
relation to each other while satisfying high demands in respect of
non-defective welding as well as mechanical strength of the resulting
joints.
With this object in view the invention is mainly characterised by the
fact that a plurality of tube sleeves of circular cross-section and
corresponding in number to the number of tubes in the bundle and'
preferably having a wall-thickness equal to that of the tube ends and
also an internal diameter substantially equal to the external diameter
of the tube ends, are disposed in peripheral juxtaposition and in
side-by-side relation and interconnected in this condition by welds
between the contacting peripheral surface portions of the respective
sleeves in such a manner that the assembled sleeves form in common a
perforate plate, the spaces between the sleeves being bridged at least
at one of the lateral faces of said perforate plate by welding
material further interconnecting the sleeves'; and the tube ends
projecting into their respective sleeves and being welded to said;
respective sleeves around their end edges.
The invention' will now be described more in detail with reference to
the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of a perforated assembly plate according to
this invention, the plate being shown partly equipped with tubes, and
with different portions of the plate illustrated in different stages
of production'.
Figures 2 to' 4 are longitudinal section illustrating individual
stages in the production of the assembly of Figure 1.
G , Figure 5 illustrates one stage of production according to one

particular method of making the assembly of Figure 1.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section through a heat exchanger having
tubes interconnected according to the invention.
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the device according to Figure 6
and taken along the line VII VII in this figure.
Figures 8 and 9, in plan and side views, respectively, illustrate an
assembly of sleeves welded together in accordance with a modified
method of the present invention.
In the various figures similar parts have been allotted like reference
numerals.
Referring now to Figures 1 to 4 of the drawings, the tube sleeves 1
are interconnected to form a perforate plate 3 by means of spot welds
2 produced, by an electric resistance welding process interposed
between the contacting portions of the peripheral surfaces of adjacent
sleeves and also by means of welds 5 which at both lateral faces of
the perforate plate bridge the interspaces between the tube sleeves
This combination of welds renders the perforate plate approximately as
stiff and resistant to bending stresses as an equally thick, solid
plate with drilled perforations or bores.
furthermore the welds 5 do not extend to any great depth
longitudinally between the tube sleeves 1, and are arranged so as to
seal and fill out the interspaces between the sleeves.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this
sealing weld is facilitated by introducing into the gaps between the
tube sleeves filler bodies in the form of short pieces 'of wire 4
preferably of circular crosssection The tubes 6 are introduced, into
the tube sleeves and welded thereto by means of circular end welds 7
The major portions of the mass of material of the perforate plate will
thus be constituted by the tube sleeves 1 each of which will not be in
good heat conducting contact with the surrounding material.
Since, in addition, the tube sleeves have substantially the same wall
thickness as that of the tube ends it will be possible to make the
welds 7 without any danger of the tube ends getting overheated and
burnt through in this operation It would be apparent from this fact
that in this manner thin-walled tubes can be readily resistance welded
extremely close together into a perforate plate of excellent rigidity
and strength whereby the object of the invention is attained.
According to the Figures 8 and 9, it is possible to replace the spot
welds 2 'by fillet welds 2 a, but this embodiment is less suitable in
the case of very thin-walled tube sleeves since, due to the thermal
stresses produced by this type of welds, the perforate plate would,
tend to warp to an extent such as not to be adjustable readily in such
a manner as to cause the tubes to be parallel to each other, and the
tube sleeves would get deformed from their true circular shape

necessitating a succeeding recalibration in order to make the tubes
fit into the same.
The heat exchanger illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 comprises a bundle
of tubes 6 inter 70 connected in accordance with the present invention
at both ends In this case, the perforate plate constituted by the tube
sleeves 1 is formed into a tube end plate by being provided about its
periphery, with material form 75 ing a casing 10 which surrounds the
bundle of tubes, said bridging material in this case consisting of a
flange 16 together with welding material Thus, around the bundle of
tubes, there is formed in conventional manner, 80 a chamber 11 through
which one of the heat exchanging fluids can be caused to pass through
the tube interspaces from an inlet 12 to an outlet 13, the other heat
exchanging fluid being conducted in counter-flow relative to the first
85 mentioned one from an inlet 14, through the tubes to an outlet 15.
It will be readily seen that the arrangement according to the
invention provides for an extremely compact construction of the heat
90 exchanger, and that the cross-sectional area externally of the
tubes can be devised to be unusually small enabling a high rate of
flow to the benefit of a good heat transfer.
Preferably the arrangement according to the 95 invention is realised
in such a manner, for instance, that the tube sleeves 1 are first
united by being spot welded to form the perforate plate 3 which is
subjected to a flattening operation, if necessary, for example, if the
previous i OC welding operation has resulted in a warping of the plate
The filler bodies 4 are then introduced into the gaps between the tube
sleeves, after which the latter are united still further by the welds
5 which completely close and seal off lo 1 these gaps together with
the filler bodies, preferably at both lateral faces of the perforate
plate Finally, the tubes 6 are introduced into the tube sleeves and
united with these sleeves by the end welds 7 11 ( Particularly when
producing large perforate plates it is suitable first to weld together
a number of sleeves into groups, suitably in a fixture 8, so as to
form a plurality of similar plate elements 3 a which are then
assembled in 11 l to a larger plate and spot welded together at the
contacting peripheral surfaces of the external sleeves of the
respective plate elements In this manner the plate 3, for example, may
be assembled from four plate elements 3 a, the 12 ( uppermost three
banks of sleeves of Figure 1 consisting of two such plate elements 3 a
facing the same direction as in Figure 5, and the lower three banks of
sleeves consisting of another two such elements facing the opposite 12
' direction.
Figure 2 illustrates how spot welds may be performed by means of a
nipper tool the electrodes 9 of which are indicated in the figure
Using this tool, the welding operation 13 786,074 produced by means of

an electric resistance welding process 3 A method of producing a heat
exchanger of the tubular type having a number of heat transferring
tubes of circular cross-section and extending in spaced parallel
relation to each other and assembled at their unidirectional ends,
respectively, in the form of a bundle, comprising the steps of welding
together a plurality of tubular sleeves in surface-to-surface contact
at their peripheries 'by spot welds produced in said peripheral
surfaces by an electric resistance welding process so as to cause said
tubular sleeves to form together a perforate plate, subjecting said
plate to a flattening operation after said, welding process if
necessary, further welding together said tubular sleeves of the
perforate plate by welds closing the gaps between said sleeves,
preferably at both lateral faces of the perforate plate, and
introducing the tubes into the respective tubular sleeves and end
welding the tubes to said sleeves.
4 A method according to claim 3, wherein the gaps between the tubular
sleeves of the perforate plate are dosed by welding material together
with filler bodies introduced into said gaps, such as lengths of wire
of circular or any suitable cross-sectional shape.
A method according to claim 3, wherein the perforate plate is built up
by spot welding groups of tubular sleeves together in peripheral
surface-to-surface contact by means of an electric resistance welding
process, preferably in a fixture, said sleeve groups then being
assembled with the peripheral surfaces of the outermost tubular
sleeves of contiguous groups contacting the peripheral surfaces of
such tubular sleeves of an adjacent group, adjacent groups being
welded together by spot welding in the contact surfaces between the
respective groups, and subjecting the perforate plate thus assembled
to a levelling operation, if necessary.
6 A heat exchanger of the tubular type constructed substantially as
herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A A THORNTON &,CO, Chartered Patent Agents, Napier House, 24-2,7 High
Holborn, London, W l C l, For the Appicants.
should preferably be carried out first from one and subsequently from
the other end of the sleeve assembly.
It is understood that the arrangements deS scribed in the foregoing
with reference to the accompanying drawings may be modified without
departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended
claims For example, the spot welds could be modified in to number The
building-up welding of the sleeve gaps could, wholly or partly, be
restricted to one laterial face 'of the perforate plate, preferably to
its face remote from the tubes, and the welding could 'be accomplished
by means of welding material exclusively, thus omitting the filler
bodies In addition, the perforate plate can be of various sizes and'

peripheral contours The filler bodies 4 could have suitable
cross-sectional shapes other than that of a circle, as desired.
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* GB786075 (A)
Description: GB786075 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Improvements in or relating to method of and composition for cleaning boiler
tubes
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Jan 6, 1955.
786,075 No 397155.
Application made in United States of America on Sept 7, 1954.
Index at acceptance:-Class 82 ( 2), E 8, V( 2 Z 3:3 D:4 W).
International Classification:-C 23 c, g.
Improvements in or relating to Method of and Composition for Cleaning
Boiler Tubes I, JOSEPH DANIEL KILKENNY, a Citizen of the United States
of America, of 40 California Street, City of San Francisco, State of
California, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention,
for which I pray that a patent may be c'rauted to me, and the method
by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to the art of cleaning boiler tubes of deposits
of products of combustion and for maintaining them free of such
deposits.
In the operation of boilers, the tubes as well as other parts of the

boiler interior become caked with coatings or deposits of scale
consisting of products of combustion To remove those deposits, it has
heretofore been necessary periodically to take the boiler out of
operation for a time while it is cleaned, and even after being cleaned
the deposits rapidly reoccur.
It has been recoanized that zinc will inhibit the deposition of
products of combustion on such boiler tubes, but no practical way of
coating the tubes with zinc has been discovered which may be practiced
without taking the boiler out of service during the application It is
also known that when zinc is vaporized in the firebox of a boiler in
the presence of borax, the combined vapours will be carried to the
tubes with the gases of combustion and the borax will function as a
flux to assist the zinc in penetrating the scale deposit on the boiler
tubes However, no practicable way of introducing and vaporizing the
zinc and borax which will avoid excessive waste and maintain a mixture
of those elements in proper proportions has been discovered prior to
mv present invention For instance, the powdered zinc and powdered
borax have been deposited in the flame of the firebox lPrice 3/6 l of
the boiler in dry form, but much of the material is wasted and, being
of different specific gravities, the proper proportions cannot be
maintained.
I have discovered that by dissolving the 50 borax in a liquid solvent
such as water, spraying the solution into the flame of the firebox
with the zinc powder carried in suspension in the solution, and
maintaining the zinc particles in uniform dis 55 tribution in the
solution such as by mechanical agitation of the solution before
spraying the resultant vapours of the zinc and solution are properly
proportioned.
It is therefore an object of my inven 60 tion to provide a method of
introducing powdered zinc in a chemical solution comprising borax into
the firebox of a boiler for vaporization in a manner which maintains a
uniform distribution and propor 65 tioning of the mixture to eliminate
waste.
It is a further object to provide a product for use in cleaning boiler
tubes of products of combustion and inhibiting further deposit of such
prioducts on the 70 tubes.
It is a further object to provide a method of cleaning boiler tubes of
products of combustion and inhibiting further such deposits on the
tubes 75 For purposes of enabling a clear understanding of my
invention I shall now describe, in detail, one of its preferred
embodiments, although this description is not intended to be
limitative upon the 80 broader scope of my invention except as may
appear from the appended claims.
For purposes of the ensuing description

I shall refer to the accompanying drawing wherein the single figure
illustrates 85 in perspective the firebox portion of a conventional
boiler and means for introducing my cleaning and inhibiting product
into the firebox.
Referring now to the drawing, the 90 kiss, r.,, 1 ' -, 7 1 786,075
numeral 5 denotes the firebox portion of a conventional boiler having
a front access opening covered by a removable plate 6 through which
the conventional fuel supply pipe 7 enters the furnace and there
communicates with a fuel nozzle 8 from which the flame 9 to heat the
boiler is projected.
A spray nozzle 15 is mounted on the free end of a conduit 16 also
entering the firebox through an opening in the plate 6 The spray
nozzle is preferably positioned above and immediately adjacent the
discharge end of the fuel nozzle 8, so that the composition to be
hereinafter described wvill be sprayed from the spray nozzle directly
into the flamne in the firebox.
I provide a supply tank 20 having an outlet 21 communicating with the
inlet of a pump 22 driven by a conventional motor M, the outlet of the
pump comrnunicating with conduit 16 Thus the composition contained by
the tank 20 is sprayed under pressure into the flame in the firebox
The tank 20 has a vented filling opening 25 and a restricted by-pass
line 26 may be lead from the conduit 16 back into the tank A
conventional agitator 30 is rotatably mounted in the tank and is
driven by the motor to maintain the zinc particles in a uniform
distribution in suspension in the liquid in the tank.
While various compositions containing zinc are suitable for spraying
into the firebox of the boiler in accordance with mvr invention, a
composition which I find exceptionally effective is composed of equal
amounts, by weight, of zinc, in dust form, and borax (Na 2 BRO 7)
admixed with a sufficient amount of water to provide a saturated borax
solution with the metallic particles in suspension.
Upon being sprayed into the flame of the firebox, the zinc and borax
solution vaporize and the resultant comingled vapours pass to the
boiler tubes with the gases of combustion The borax vapours function
as a flux to assist the zinc in so penetrating the scale deposit on
the tubes and in becoming attached to the tubes.
The existing scale on the tubes becomes loosened and released from the
tubes to be expelled by and along with the gases of combustion, while
the deposition of the metallic z Inc on the tubes inhibits further
adherence of scale.
I find that the cleaning and coating of the tubes may be enhanced by
adding sodium chloride (N Ta O l), in an amount equal to the amount of
borax, by weight, the sodium chloride being dissolved in the solution
Other liquids capable of dissolving the chemical components may be

substituted for water, although water is preferable and is most
economical.
I also find that my cleaning and coating composition can lhe improved
by adding ammonium sulphate in an amount equal to each of the
above-iianaed ingredients, 70 by weight The ammonium sulphate prevents
oxidization of the zinc vapours to oxide before the zinc attaches
itself to the tubes of the boiler.
I may also add oxalic acid to the compo 75 sition, in an amount equal,
by weight, to each of the above-named ingredients, which by its
bleaching action assists in the coating of the tubes of the boiler.
It is my preference not to wait until a 80 deposit of the zinc on the
metallic surfaces of the boiler becomes entirely removed by the
friction of the gases of combustion.
On the contrary, it is my preference to repeat the operation of
spraying the com 85 position into the flame in the firebox for a
period of about 30 minutes e feiv Have days.
I find that in addition to inhibiting the further formation of
deposits of products 90 of combustion on the outer surfaces of the
boiler tubes, the zinc also prevents oxidization of the parent metal
of the boiler tubes.
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* GB786076 (A)
Description: GB786076 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Alarm circuit for refrigerators and like pressure controlled temperature
regulating devices
PATENT SPECFICATIGN 736

Inventor:-HOWARD BRECKNOCK and REGINALD WALTER HOPCRAFT.
Date of filing Complete Specification: Jan 17, 1956.
Application Date: Jan 17, 1955 No 1382 55.
Complete Specification Published: Nov 13,1957.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 118 ( 1), D( 3: 4: 7, International
Classification: GO 8 d.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Alarm Circuit for Refrigerators and like Pressure Controlled
Temperature Regulating Devices.
We, THE HOTPOINT ELECTRIC APPLIANCE COMPANY LIMITED, a British
Company, having its registered office at Crown House, Aldwych, London,
W C 2, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
This invention relates to alarm circuits for refrigerators and like
pressure controlled temperature regulating devices and is particularly
concerned with alarm circuits for low temperature refrigerators such
as freezers.
Any undue variation in temperature in a freezer cabinet and especially
any undue rise in temperature, may result in the spoiling of
perishable goods stored within the cabinet It is therefore highly
desirable that some means should be provided to give a positive
indication of any such variation in temperature.
It is known to provide a device operated by changes in temperature in
a refrigerating system to indicate such changes but this indication is
usually of a visual nature, such as for example, an electric lamp
supplied, in the case of mains operated refrigerator, from the mains
supply.
This form of indication suffers from the disadvantage of possible
mains failure and also requires the presence of a person before a
fault can be detected.
We are aware that it has previously been proposed to provide a
refrigerator control system with an adjustable temperature control
device to maintain the temperature of the refrigerator within a
predetermined range, said device having a manually adjustable lPrice i
member, and a temperature responsive pressure device which closes an
electric circuit including an audible alarm upon abnormal temperature
condition within the refrigerator outside the predetermined range,
means operable by the manually adjustable member being provided
whereby the said circuit can be interrupted to render the alarm
circuit inoperative, and further manual operation of the said member
being necessary when it is required to restore the circuit so that it
will again be closed on abnormal temperature condition within the

refrigerator outside the predetermined range.
The object of the present invention therefore is to provide a means of
indicating undue variation in pressure in a refrigerating system which
does not suffer from the aforementioned disadvantages.
According to the present invention therefore there is provided an
alarm circuit for a refrigerator or a like pressure controlled
temperature regulating device, comprising a pressure device operable
by any change in temperature and pressure of the refrigerant from a
predetermined level to actuate a pair of contacts to energise, from a
battery source, an audible alarm device and means whereby the alarm
device is rendered manually inoperative; this means itself being
automatically rendered inoperative by return of the temperature and
pressure to the predetermined level.
In putting the invention into effect the audible alarm device
comprises a coil wound around a core of magnetic material in proximity
to which is mounted a movable armature having a striker arm for making
contact with a bell for providing an audible warning of increase or
decrease in temperature beyond the predetermined level, and 5076
786,076 the armature is designed to co-operate with a manually
operable plunger whereby to hold both the plunger and the armature to
the core to render the armature inoperative.
a One embodiment of the device will now be described with reference to
the drawing filed with the Provisional Specification which shows a
schematic diagram of an alarm circuit in accordance with the
invention.
With reference to the drawing 1 is a bellows the interior of which is
subjected to vapour pressure of a refrigerant in a tube 2 securable to
say the evaporator of the refrigerating system so that the arm 3 takes
up a position dependent on the temperature of the gas in the tube 2
One end of the arm 3 carries an insulated lever 4 This arm can also be
arranged to operate contacts to switch the motor on and off in a
manner well known Arranged in proximity to the lever 4 are a pair of
normally separated contacts 5 and 6 mounted on resilient arms a and 6
a The lever 4 is positioned between the arms Sa and 6 a so that on any
increase or decrease in temperature of a refrigerator with which the
alarm circuit is associated beyond a predetermined level causes a
change in pressure in the bellows 1 causing the lever 4 to move either
upwards or downwards respectively to close the contacts 5 and 6 and
thereby to energise the operating coil (not shown) of an electro
magnetic relay 7 The operating coil of relay 7 is connected to a
battery 8 in series with the contacts 5 and 6 and a pair of normally
closed contacts 9 and 10 mounted on resilient arms 9 a and 10 a
respectively.
The resilient arm 9 a is extended so as to be in contact with a point

contact member 11 of an armature 12 which is pivotally mounted at 13
to a relay frame member 14.
The energising of the relay coil causes the armature 12 to be
attracted towards the core 15 of the relay 7 and thereby causes the
striker 16 of an arm 17 to make contact with a bell 18 to provide an
audible warning of the fact that the predetermined pressure has
changed The armature 12 will aso> thereafter continue to oscillate
about its pivot 13 in a known manner to provide a continuous audible
warning for a period of time determined by the capacity of the battery
The capacity of the battery is chosen such that it will enable a
warning to be provided for a reasonable period of absence of a user of
the refrigerator A reasonable period is here deemed to be 24 hours or
more.
In order that the bell circuit may be made inoperative once the
audible alarm arising therefrom, due to a fault, has been noticed and
also when the refrigerating system is first switched on or when
loading with a C,5 large amount of food for freezing, there are
connected in parallel with contacts 9 and 10 a pair of
armature-holding contacts 19 and These armature-holding contacts 19
and 20 are mounted on resilient arms 19 a and 20 a respectively and
the arm 20 a is 70 extended to engage with a resiliently mounted
plunger 21 having a tip 22 of magnetic material and a shoulder 23 This
tip 22 is of a size and shape to co-operate with an aperture 24
provided in the arma 7 ture 12.
When it is required to render the armature 12 inoperative the plunger
21 is depressed (it being mounted to extend through an outside wall of
a refrigerator) This causes the SO tip 22 to be inserted in the
aperture 24 in the armature 12 until the shoulder 23 engages with the
surface of the armature surrounding the aperture 24 As the plunger 21
is further depressed the shoulder 23 50 causes the armature 12 to make
contact with the core 15 and causes the armature to open contacts 9
and 10 The operating coil of the relay 7 remains energised however due
to the simultaneous closing of con 90 tacts 19 and 20 and the plunger
21 is held in the depressed position due to the attraction of the tip
22 to the core 15 When the fault, temporary overload or starting
condition, as the case may be is removed, the 95 bellows I returns to
its normal position when the contacts 5 and 6 re-open The re-opening
of these contacts causes the opening coil of relay 7 to be
de-energised and the armature, plunger, contacts 9 and 10 100 and
contacts 19 and 20 return to their previous positions.
The operating coil of the relay should have a resistance of, for
example, 1 GC-'2 G ohms and consist of a larae number of turns 105 and
the relay should have an efficient iron circuit so that the battery
current is of the order of say 40 milliamps or less.

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* GB786077 (A)
Description: GB786077 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Improvements in supports for the legs of furniture
PATENT SPECIVICATION
786 071
Date of filing Complete Specification (under Section 3 ( 3) of the
Patents Act,
1949): Jan 25, 1956.
Application Date: Jan26, 1955 N Application Date: July 15, 1955 N
Index at acceptance:-Class 134, C.
o 2300/55.
P 20485155.
International Classification:-A 45 b.
Improvements in Supports for the Legs of Furniture I, ADA MAUD
GOODFELLOW, a British Subject, of 32 Heaton Road, Withington,
Manchester 20, do hereby declare the invention, for which we, pray
that a patent may be S granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: -
This invention relates to improvements in devices for supporting the
legs of articles of furniture, the device forming a glider and being
of the type comprising a block having a projection on the upper
surface and which when in position permits no relative movement

between the glider and the furniture.
In application No 25267/53 (Serial No.
749,274) there is described a device for supporting a leg consisting
of a circular block having a flat base and a peripheral edge which is
curved or contoured to merge into the base and with a flat top merging
into a recessed rim, and a screw, the head of which is moulded into
the block, the shank of the screw being provided with a thread
extending to its junction with the head thereof which tatter is formed
with a flange having radial ribs tapering to a circumferential groove
adjacent the extreme end of the head of the screw.
The object of the present invention is the substitution of a plain or
fluted nail for a screw; together with a plurality of projections on
the upper surface of the device to engage the underside of the leg of
the furniture.
According to the invention a device of the type referred to comprises
a circular block having a flat base and upper surface and a peripheral
edge curved or contoured to merge into the base, a plain nail, or a
fluted nail having a high pitch thread extending to the junction with
the head, the head of the nail being moulded into the block; and a
plurality of projections on the upper surface of the block to engage
the lower surface of the leg of the furniture.
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying
drawings:Fig 1 is a side elevation of a glider, lPtice 3 s 6 d l Fig 2
is a vertical section of same, Fig 3 is a plan, of same from above,
Fig 4 is a plan of same from below, Fig 5 is a part section to an
enlarged scale of a modification, Fig 6 is a plan of the nail head
shown in Fig 5 from below.
The device consists of a circular block A having a wide flat base a
which rests on the floor and a flat top a' to support the bottom of
the leg of the furniture to which it is to, be attached.
The periphery a' of the block is curved as shown, the lower portion of
the periphery gradually merging into the flat base a.
The block A is moulded from a synthetic resin and during moulding the
head b of a hardened fluted nail B having a high pitch thread
extending to its junction with the head, is moulded therein with the
shank projecting from the flat top a'.
The head b of the fluted nail B may be formed with a slit across the
top with legsi splayed outwards before insertion iii the mould to
anchor the nail to the plastic as shown in Fig 2 or it may be formed
with radial ribs b on its underside tapering to a circumferential
groove b A as described in specification
No 749,274.
A plurality of projections or pins bl are inserted into the mould to
project from the flat top a' as shown in Fig 3.

A device constructed in accordance with the invention can be readily
secured to the bottom of the leg and when in position there will be no
tendency for relative movement between the block and the securing nail
since the head of the latter will be firmly embedded in the material
of the block, and due to the projections or pins b' cannot be
unscrewed.
After manufacture a piece of adhesive tape C may be stretched across
the base a to protect the plastic face when being hammered in and also
to protect the glider on the workshop floor and also in transit, when
the adhesive tape C is peeled off there is no further cleaning to be
done and the base of the glider is undamaged.
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* GB786078 (A)
Description: GB786078 (A) ? 1957-11-13
Improvements in personal service connectors for the crews of aircraft
Inventor:-DONALD STANLEY PETTINGER.
786,078 Date of filing Complete Specification: Feb 2, 1956.
Application Date: Feb 2, 1955 No 3054/55.
Index at Acceptance:-Class 4, G 3.
International Classification:-B 641.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Personal Service Connectors for the Crews of Aircraft.
We, THE HYMATIC ENGINEER 1 i G C Omi?ANY LIMTED, a British Company, of
Glover Street, Redditch, Worcestershire, do hereby declare the

invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described
in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to personal service connectors for the crews of
aircraft and particularly for aircraft using ejector type seats and
has for its object to provide an improved construction and arrangement
of such connectors which enables the services to be connected to the
supplies at one plug-in when a pilot or airman enters the aircraft and
provides an automatic break of connection for a normal or ejection
exit whilst giving emergency supplies to an airman during descent
after he has been ejected from the aircraft.
The invention consists in a personal service connector for the crew of
an aircraft having an ejector seat comprising a seat bracket adapted
to be detachably connected to the ejector seat of the aircraft, an
airman's half coupling adapted to be detachably connected to the seat
bracket and having connections for necessary gas, electrical, and
other services to the airman, and a supply plate adapted to be
detachably connected to the seat bracket at the opposite side thereof
to the airman's half coupling with valves in the gas or like service
to said supply plate which are automatically closed until they are
engaged and opened by parts in the airman's half coupling when the
supply plate and airman's half coupling are both connected to the seat
bracket, the supply plate being automatically released from the seat
bracket when the ejector seat leaves the aircraft, the airman's half
coupling being unlocked from the seat bracket by the airman operating
a lPrice 3 s 6 d l lever or the like after which the airman's half
coupling is held by spring loaded catches which are overcome by
pulling on the airman's half coupling, the release of the seat bracket
from the ejector seat being effected manually or automatically.
The invention further comprises connecting the seat bracket to the
ejector seat through a seat plate secured to the seat, cones with
annular grooves at the bases of the cones projecting from the seat
bracket and entering holes in the seat plate, a spring loaded part or
parts in the seat plate entering the recesses and locking the cones in
the seat plate, and means for withdrawing the spring loaded part or
parts from engagement with the grooves in order to release the seat
bracket from the seat plate, The invention further comprises a
personal service connector as aforesaid in which the supply plate is
locked to the seat bracket by catches which are released
automatically, when the ejector seat parts from its aircraft, by the
pull on a spring loaded plunger connected by a lanyard to the
aircraft.
The invention further comprises a personal service connector as
aforesaid in which the airman's half coupling is held to the seat

bracket by two pairs of catches on the seat bracket loaded by blade or
other springs, one catch of each pair having its acting face at a
non-locking angle with the face of the part of the airman's unit with
which it engages, and the other catch of each pair has its acting face
at a locking angle, the locking catches being released automatically
by the airman when he releases his seat harness buckle mechanism, and
the other catches being released by pull applied to the airman's half
coupling.
aforesaid in which the airman's half-coupling is made in two parts
786,078 interconnected by a two part telescopic handle and by spring
catches along the sides of the parts of the half coupling.
aforesaid in which an emergency service block is on the underside of
the seat bracket and supplies two gas services to connections on the
airman's half coupling from supply sources carried by the airman, when
the main supplies from the aircraft are disconnected.
aforesaid in which the supply plate has a tell tale unit which
projects when the catches of the supply plate are not locking it in
position.
Referring to the accompanying explanatory drawings:Figure 1 is a rear
view, with part broken away to show the internal construction
illustrating the seat plate forming part of our improved personal
service connector.
Figure 2 is an end view looking from left to right of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an end view looking from right to left of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation on the line 4-4, and Figure 5 a
sectional view on the line 5-5, of Figure 1.
Figure 6 is a front view of a complete personal service connector
constructed in one convenient form in accordance with this invention.
Figure 7 is a plan view of Figure 6, with the carrying handle in
section.
Figure 8 is a sectional view on the line 8-8 of Figure 7.
Figure 9 shows the two parts of the airman's half coupling shown in
Figures 6 and 7, in disassembled condition.
Figure 10 is an inverted plan view of Figure 6.
Figure 11 is a side view looking from right to left of Figure 6.
Figure 12 is a sectional view on the line 12-12 of Figure 13 showing
the seat bracket with the positively operated catches which hold the
airman's half coupling to the seat bracket, in open position.
Figure 13 is an end view of the seat bracket forming part of the
complete assembly, looking from right to left in Figures 14 and 15.
Figure 14 is an inverted plan and Figure 15 a front view of the seat

bracket.
Figure 16 is an end view of Figure 6 looking from left to right.
Figure 17 is a view in the direction of the arrow in Figure 14, that
is of the side which is attached to the seat plate, but with the cover
plate on the seat bracket removed.
Our improved personal service connector comprises essentially four
parts, as follows:
( 1) a seat plate shown in detail in Figures 1-5 which is adapted to
be secured to the ejector type seat of an aircraft, ( 2) a seat
bracket which is detachably secured to the seat plate and is shown in
detail in Figures 12, 13, 14, and 17, ( 3) the airman's half coupling
which is adapted to be detachably secured to 70 the seat bracket and
is shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 16, and ( 4) a supply plate
comprising supply connection adapted to be coupled to supply services
on the aircraft, and itself detachably secured to the under 75 side of
the seat bracket The supply plate with its service connections is
shown in Figures 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.
The seat bracket a, which has thereon projecting cones b (see Figure
10) with 80 annular grooves c at their large diameter ends, such cones
plugging into the seat plate d secured to the airman's seat (not
shown), preferably at the starboard side The seat plate d has a spring
loaded sliding plate e 85 therein (See Figure 5) with key holesf
therein which co-operate with conical holes g through the fixed back
and front plates h 6 and i of the complete seat plate, so that the
projecting cones b can, when the spring loaded sliding 90 plate is
appropriately moved against the pressure of the springs,, pass through
the seat plate; when the spring loaded sliding plate e is released,
the slotted portions of the key holes f come into the annular grooves
c 95 behind the cones b and hold the seat plate firmly in place The
spring loaded sliding plate e can be moved against its springs by
manual pressure applied to the projection k (see Figure 1) or by a
Bowden cable indi 100 cated diagrammatically at m (Figure 1) connected
to the plate e and coupled to the mechanism which releases the seat
harness from the ejector seat.
The seat bracket a which projects at right 105 angles to the seat
plate d has holes therein, as shown in Figure 14, through which the
services pass and is adapted to receive on its underside the supply
plate ni having connections as o thereon for the desired supplies and
110 a locking mechanism to be hereinafter described for the attachment
of the supply plate to the seat bracket a, On the upper side of the
seat bracket a is secured the airman's half-coupling comprising a base
115 plate p which has connections as q to the airman's suit and
headgear.
The supply plate m is automatically released from the seat bracket a

when the ejector type seat has parted from the aircraft 120 for a
certain predetermined distance and a lanyard attached to the aircraft
and to a spring loaded plunger r releases catches Is on the supply
plate, is tightened.
The supply plate N is held to the seat 125 bracket a by a catch plate
t secured on the underside of the seat bracket a The catch plate t has
two depending lugs 1 with holes therein adapted to be engaged by the
catches s operated by a pair of levers u pivoted about 130 pectively
on the airman's half coupling.
There is also a service connection for the airman's heated clothing.
The right-hand half of the airman's half coupling may carry four gas
services: 70 ventilation, anti-g, pressure and emergency pressure and
one electric service for heated clothing The left hand half of the
coupling may carry four gas services:-oxygen, emergency oxygen,
pressure suit and de 75 misting and three electrical
services:microphone, telephone and visor.
All the joints between the supply services on the supply plate and the
airman's services on the half coupling are coned or rounded 80 so that
when released by the catches holding the supply plate in position, the
airman's half coupling can be pulled off at any angle.
There is an emergency services block at (see Figure 10) which is let
into the seat 85 bracket a on its underside and carries two gas
services at 16, namely the emergency oxygen and emergency pressure;
when the main supply is disconnected, i e when the ejector seat leaves
its aircraft, emergency 90 supplies are obtained from containers
carried by the airman There are branch connections 17 on the main
connections to the airman's half coupling and these receive the
emergency supplies, the main connection being auto 95 matically closed
to atmosphere when the supply plate N is released from the seat
bracket a.
In the use of our improvement, the airman before entering the
aircraft, plugs the two 100 halves of the airman's half coupling (as
shown in Figure 9) together, the catches y and handle x of the one
half engaging in those of the other to make the two halves into a
single unit On entering the aircraft, the airman, 105 holding his half
coupling by the handle x, presses it downwards on to the seat bracket
a (to which the supply plate N is already attached) when it will be
retained by the pairs of catches 10 and 11 before described 110 The
different valves on the supply services will then be automatically
opened and electrical connections established When all services are
established and valves fully open, the catches 10 and 11 will spring
into their 115 locking positions and will retain the assembly as a
unit.
During flight, the airmen are free to release their harness buckles

which will operate the lever 12 and cause the withdrawal of the 120
lock catches 10 and 11 having an undercut or right angular acting
face, but will leave the other catches 10 t and 11 a (between the half
coupling and seat bracket) which are restraining catches, in position
125 For a normal exit after unlocking his seat harness buckle
mechanism, the airman will simply withdraw his half coupling by
pulling on its handle x and forcing back the restraining catches 10 a
and 11 " 1 l 30 fixed fulcrum points in the fitting v secured to the
supply plate n The plunger r when pulled downwards in Figure 8 by the
lanyard before referred to acts through a collar r' S thereon to turn
the levers u and withdraw the catches S so that the supply plate is
released from the seat bracket The upper end of the plunger 7 is
conical and comes between the chamfered ends of the catches S when
they are fully apart and locks the supply plate to the seat bracket A
spring loaded pin w (Figure 6) which we term a tell tale pin, is
forced outwards by the catches S so that its end projects from the
supply plate when the catches S are drawn inwards towards one another
This pin W is visible from above and indicates to the airman that the
catches S are not locking the supply plate in position.
The lower end of the plunger r is connected as before stated to the
aircraft by a lanyard which is slack when the seat bracket is in its
normal position but is tightened to cause the release of the catches S
holding the supply plate N to the seat bracket a when the ejector seat
is discharged from the aircraft.
The airman's half coupling is in two parts as shown in Figure 9 which
can be secured together by a two-part telescopic handle x and by
spring catches y along the sides of the parts of the half coupling The
assembled parts of the half coupling are secured to the seat bracket a
by two pairs of catches 10, 11 pivoted to the seat bracket and loaded
by blade or other springs One pair of catches acts on each end of the
half couplling One catch 10 a, 11 a of each pair (see Figure 7) has
its face which engages or comes over the base p of the half coupling
at a non-locking angle, such as 45 to the face with which it engages
so that it can be forced outwards by a pull applied to the half
coupling The other catch of each pair having its face which engages or
comes over the base p at a locking angle and is operated to release it
from the said face by a lever 12 acting on one locking catch through
an excentric or D shaped cam 13 and on the other locking catch through
a push rod 14 (see Figure 17) The lever 12 is moved by the airman when
he releases his seat harness buckle mechanism This unlocks his half
coupling base p from the seat bracket a but it is however still
restrained by the angled catches 10 and 11.
The supply plate mm carries connections for 55, desired services,
except emergency services which will be hereinafter referred to For

gas services the connection contains a valve assembly, the valve being
opened when a similar connection on the airman's half coupling is
connected thereto by the assembly of the supply plate N and half
coupling base p on the seat bracket a Microphone telephone and visor
services may be combined in a single plug or socket on the supply
plate which is engaged by a socket or plug res786,078 For an ejection
exit, the pilot's seat in its -upward movement will tighten the
lanyard attached to the plunger e which will pull on the latter In its
downuward movement the plunger will move the levers u to withdraw the
catches S so releasing and pulling clear the aircraft supply plate a
from the remainder of the assembly At the same time, an emergency
supply bottle will be opened by an independent mechanism to provide
oxygein and pressure for the connections 16 (see Figure 10) during
descent, whilst the remaining gas services are automatically sealed in
both halves of the couplings Once out of the aircraft, the combined
parachute and seat harness is released from the seat The mechanism
which operates this release also pulls through the cable m (Figures 1
and 6) on the sliding plate e of the seat plate d, so releasing the
remaining assembly from the seat The airman is now free to vacate the
seat.
On landing, the airman will immediately release the harness buckle
which will pull on 2,5 the lever 12 of the seat bracket a, opening the
locking catches 10, 11 thus leaving only a light pull necessary to
separate his halfcoupling p from the seat bracket a and emergency
supplies.
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* Legal notice
* Terms of use
* 5.8.23.4; 93p

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