1. Energy Efficient Building Envelope Kiev, 13.5.2010
Dr.‐Ing. R. Himmler
energydesign stuttgart –
Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH
Gropiusplatz 10
70563 Stuttgart
Germany
www.energydesign‐st.com
robert.himmler@energydesign‐st.com
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2. Energy Efficient Pilot Project Ukraine ‐ Structure
Ministry for Construction
Cooperation
Ministry for Environment
Contracted for
Implementation
Consultancy
Energy Efficient Pilot Project
Consultancy Design
Working Group Building Design Team
m-g-h Building Owner
ingenieure + architekten GmbH Architect
Structural Engineer
HVAC Engineer
stuttgart Contractor
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3. Objectives of the „Energy Efficient Pilot Project“
Development of energy‐efficient building
concepts during the planning stage and
implementation
Awarness‐raising within the relevant national
and municipal institutions, associations,
chambers and the general public
Training and instruction of architects,
engineers, municipalities and construction
companies
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4. Building Envelopes – Nowadays
Berlin Kiev Abu Dhabi
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5. Hot and Humid Climate
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6. Cold and Dry Climate
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7. Traditional Buildings in Ukraine
CO2 neutral
energy supply
thermal insulation
passive shading system
sufficient
window/wall area
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8. Energy Balance of a Building
Transmission
QS
QT
Solar
QV
Qi
Ventilation
Internal Gains
QT
Heat Loss - Heat Gains = Qh
QT + QV - η ( QS + Qi ) = Qh (Heating Demand)
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9. Heating Demand – Energy Balance
120
110
Heat Losses ‐ Heat Gains = Heating Demand (Qh)
100
passiv‐
90 solar 20 %
Ventilation QS
80 Nutzbare
Heating Energy [kWh/m2]
QV 50 % Gewinne
70 30 %
internal
60 Qi
50
40
30
Trans‐ Heating 50 %
mission 50 %
20 Demand
QT Q h
10
0
Source: TU Braunschweig, IGS
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10. Compact Building Design ‐ Surface‐to‐Volume Ratio
A Area of Building Envelope
V Volume of Building
Source: TU Braunschweig, IGS
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11. Kiev, Sherbakova
A/V = 0,24
Source: AAA Architects
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12. Passive solar gains ‐ shading
N
Building Orientation
So
t
es
ut
hw
he
as
ut
t
So
Shading Angle 15°
avoid high plants (e.g. trees)
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13. Passive solar gains ‐ shading
• Stepping of Buildings
• Roof Forms
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14. Urban City Design – Considering Orientation of the Buildings
Heating Demand
Solar Gains
Appartment Area
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15. Solarisation of Urban Planning ‐ Passive House Neighbourhood Ulm
SOUTH
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16. Solarhaus des Sokrates (469 ‐ 397 v. Chr.)
1 Solar Radiation in Summertime
2 Solar Radiation in Wintertime
3 Terrasse
4 Living Room
5 Storage Room
6 Massiv Walls (Heat Storage)
7 Stone Floor (Heat Storage)
Quelle: M. Trebersprung, Neues Bauen mit der Sonne
Solar Heating
Shading in Heating
in Winter
Summer
6
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17. Roller Shutter ‐ Examples
Advantages:
‐ improves thermal comfort
‐ reduces cooling demand
‐ blinds
‐ burglar protection
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18. Thermal Insulation: Roof, Walls, Floors
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19. Wall types
thermal insulation light‐frame
monolithic composite system construction sandwich
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20. Comparison of Insulation Standards
EnEV‐Standard Passive House
U‐Value U‐Value
[W/m²K] [W/m²K]
Wall 10 cm < 0,45 30 cm < 0,15
also monolithic
Roof 16 cm < 0,35 40 cm < 0,1
Windows 2‐fach < 1,70 3‐fach < 0,8
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21. Only Good Quality during the Construction Process Guarantees Good Results!
Thermal
Insulation
QT QT
Source: Hasit
-15°C 20°C -15°C 20°C
0°C
Adhesive
Source: StoCretec
Wall
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22. Heat Bridges
very bad,
heat bridges can lead to better optimised solution
condensation and mould
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23. Example: connection wall ‐ floor
conventional
solution
improved
solution
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24. Reduce Heat Bridges!
Standard Frame covered Frame shifted into
by insulation insulation layer
Ψ = 0,12 W/(mK)
Ψ = 0,03 W/(mK)
Ψ = 0,55 W/(mK)
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25. Heat bridges lead to condensation and mould
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26. Air Tight Building Envelope
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27. Which materials are air tight?
air tight:
• plaster
• concrete
• steam brake / plastic
• wood
• glazing / window frames
not air tight:
• thermal insulation
• foam insulation
• brick wall
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28. Example for damaged steam brake
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29. Quality Control during Design, Construction and Commissioning
concept design
comissioning construction
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30. Blower‐Door‐Test
n50 limit defined by German standard DIN 4108
pressure
difference: 50 Pa
leakage
ventilator
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31. Thermography for Quality Control of the Facade
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32. Summary
• adapt the building envelope to the climate
• plan compact buildings with low A/V ratio
• increase passive solar heat gains through windows with south
orientation
• don‘t forget sun shading and passive cooling strategies, avoid
HVAC
• thoroughly plan a thermal insulation and air tightness strategy
• pay attention to construction details (heat bridges, air leakage)
• teach the craftsmen and carry our construction site inspections
• check the building quality with blower door tests or thermography
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33. Heat Pump Workshop: 23.6.2010
for
you ion!
Thank tent
r at
you
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