The document discusses the trend of rural populations moving to cities and whether this is a positive or negative development. It presents arguments on both sides. On the negative side, it says this can exacerbate problems in cities like overcrowding, and lead to a decline in rural communities and agricultural productivity. However, it also notes there are economic benefits to cities from concentrated populations. In conclusion, while there are legitimate economic arguments for urban migration, the effects on how humans live are overwhelmingly negative.

1. ESSAYS
*** In many countries around the world, rural people are moving to cities, so the
population in the countryside is decreasing.
Do you think this is a positive or a negative development?
1-) IELTS Cambridge 18: Rural People Moving to Cities
Around the world, rural people are moving to cities and urban areas, so
populations in the countryside are decreasing.
Is this a positive or negative development?
It is becoming increasingly common for residents to concentrate in urban areas,
rather than the countryside. In my opinion, this is a decidedly negative
phenomenon for human society as a whole despite the economic benefits.
Those who support the current prioritization of city life point out how it
positively impacts the workforce. When the majority of a population is
concentrated, this makes it easier for businesses to operate. For example, in
cities such as Tokyo, there are millions of residents in the city itself and the
outlying districts. The people support restaurants, cinemas, malls, arcades,
parks, and various other recreational areas. These businesses in turn provide jobs
for locals and this creates a positive feedback loop and greatly enriches the
quality of life for the average person living in a big city. The best evidence for
this is the number of people willing to move to cities for superior employment
options.
However, the drawbacks associated with city lifestyles are more significant. In
past generations, there was greater diversity in terms of where residents lived
that enabled more varied lifestyle options. People living in the country were
more likely to work outdoors and possess skills related to farming, hunting, and
raising livestock. Today, most people live in cities and work corporate jobs and
are experts in terms of marketing, finance, business, and customer service.
These industries have a place in a healthy society but should not predominate
over healthier, more active forms of gainful employment. As the world
continues to transition to online-based jobs, the situation will only worsen.

2. In conclusion, although there are legitimate economic arguments to be made for
urban migration, I would argue the effects on how humans live are
overwhelmingly negative. Governments should therefore implement policies to
encourage more rural infrastructure and economic activity.
Analysis
1. It is becoming increasingly common for residents to concentrate in urban
areas, rather than the countryside. 2. In my opinion, this is a decidedly negative
phenomenon for human society as a whole despite the economic benefits.
1. Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
2. Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here.
1. Those who support the current prioritization of city life point out how it
positively impacts the workforce. 2. When the majority of a population is
concentrated, this makes it easier for businesses to operate. 3. For example, in
cities such as Tokyo, there are millions of residents in the city itself and the
outlying districts. 4. The people support restaurants, cinemas, malls, arcades,
parks, and various other recreational areas. 5. These businesses in turn provide
jobs for locals and this creates a positive feedback loop and greatly enriches the
quality of life for the average person living in a big city. 6. The best evidence for
this is the number of people willing to move to cities for superior employment
options.
1. Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
2. Explain your main idea.
3. Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
4. Keep developing it fully.
5. Vary long and short sentences.
6. Finish strong.
1. However, the drawbacks associated with city lifestyles are more
significant. 2. In past generations, there was greater diversity in terms of where
residents lived that enabled more varied lifestyle options. 3. People living in the
country were more likely to work outdoors and possess skills related to farming,
hunting, and raising livestock. 4. Today, most people live in cities and work
corporate jobs and are experts in terms of marketing, finance, business, and
customer service. 5. These industries have a place in a healthy society but

3. should not predominate over healthier, more active forms of gainful
employment. 6. As the world continues to transition to online-based jobs, the
situation will only worsen.
1. Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
2. Explain your new main idea.
3. Include specific details and examples.
4. Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
5. Keep adding…
6. Finish the paragraph with even more detail.
1. In conclusion, although there are legitimate economic arguments to be made
for urban migration, I would argue the effects on how humans live are
overwhelmingly negative. 2. Governments should therefore implement policies
to encourage more rural infrastructure and economic activity.
1. Summarise your main ideas.
2. Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here.
Vocabulary
What do the words in bold below mean? Make some notes on paper to aid
memory and then check below.
It is becoming increasingly common for residents to concentrate in urban
areas, rather than the countryside. In my opinion, this is a decidedly negative
phenomenon for human society as a whole despite the economic benefits.
Those who support the current prioritization of city life point out how
it positively impacts the workforce. When the majority of a population is
concentrated, this makes it easier for businesses to operate. For example, in
cities such as Tokyo, there are millions of residents in the city itself and
the outlying districts. The people support restaurants, cinemas, malls, arcades,
parks, and various other recreational areas. These businesses in turn
provide jobs for locals and this creates a positive feedback loop and greatly
enriches the quality of life for the average person living in a big city. The
best evidence for this is the number of people willing to move to cities
for superior employment options.

4. However, the drawbacks associated with city lifestyles are
more significant. In past generations, there was greater diversity in terms
of where residents lived that enabled more varied lifestyle options. People
living in the country were more likely to work outdoors and possess skills
related to farming, hunting, and raising livestock. Today, most people live in
cities and work corporate jobs and are experts in terms of marketing,
finance, business, and customer service. These industries have a place in a
healthy society but should not predominate over healthier, more active forms
of gainful employment. As the world continues to transition to online-based
jobs, the situation will only worsen.
In conclusion, although there are legitimate economic arguments to be made
for urban migration, I would argue the effects on how humans live
are overwhelmingly negative. Governments should therefore implement
policies to encourage more rural infrastructure and economic activity.
Answers
For extra practice, write an antonym (opposite word) on a piece of paper to
help you remember the new vocabulary:
It is becoming increasingly common for residents more and more people
today are
concentrate focus on
urban areas cities
rather than instead of
countryside rural areas
decidedly negative phenomenon for human society as a whole despite the
economic benefits definitely bad for all people in general regardless of how it
helps the economy
Those who support the current prioritization of city life point out the people
in favor of living in cities argue
positively impacts the workforce helps people in terms of jobs

5. the majority of a most of
makes it easier for is not as hard to
operate work in that area
residents people living there
outlying districts suburbs
arcades places to play games
various other recreational areas lots of other things to do for fun
in turn provide as a result give
locals people living in that area
creates a positive feedback loop benefits everyone
greatly enriches the quality of life for the average person makes life better
for people
The best evidence for this is the strongest case is
willing to will do it
superior employment options better job choices
the drawbacks associated with the downsides related to
lifestyles how people live
significant meaningful
In past generations before
greater diversity in terms of lots of different people concerning
enabled more varied lifestyle options allowed for different ways of living

6. work outdoors and possess skills related to farming, hunting, and raising
livestock not office jobs and can do agricultural work
work corporate jobs work in an office
experts in terms of marketing, finance, business, and customer service good
at advertising and economics and selling things
have a place in a healthy society there is room for them
predominate are most common
healthier better for you
more active forms of gainful employment less passive ways of earning money
transition to online-based jobs change to jobs on computers and the internet
worsen not get better
legitimate economic arguments to be made for strong financial points that can
be argued for
migration moving to
overwhelmingly negative very bad
implement policies to encourage more rural infrastructure and economic
activity create laws to improve living in the countryside
-How to answer this essay?
Introduction:
Paraphrase the overall essay main topic.
Write a clear opinion.
1st Body Paragraph
Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea.
Explain your main idea.

7. Develop it with specific or hypothetical examples.
2nd Body Paragraph
Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea.
Explain your new main idea.
Include specific details and examples.
Add as much information as you can and make sure it links logically.
Conclusion:
Summarise your main ideas.
Include a final thought.
2-) Model Answer | Marked as Band 8
Cohesive connecting words that improve coherence in writing . Useful less
common words that boost fluency in writing .
Statistics show that the world's population is increasing rapidly. It is expected
that most of us will be living in cities within the next few decades. The question
of whether urbanisation is a positive or negative development remains
controversial.
A rapid influx of people moving from rural to urban areas is bound to cause
problems. Firstly, pressure on resources such as housing and transportation
intensifies. It is becoming difficult for many people to afford adequate housing
in cities. A by-product of this is the creation of slums causing low-income
families to group together in neglected parts of the city. These people often
become trapped in a cycle of poverty that is difficult to escape.
As mentioned above, the growth of urban areas can also lead to severe traffic
congestion because more and more vehicles travel into the city from the
suburbs. This has many knock-on effects, such as problems with air quality. It
also leads many city dwellers to experience mental health issues because
travelling across large cities is tiring and stressful.
All of this being said, I don't believe that urbanisation is a wholly negative
development. There are advantages to living in large cities that are well
managed. For example, there are more schools which means more opportunities

8. for education. Access to higher-quality health care is often better in cities. Some
cities have also introduced ride-sharing services, e-bikes, and park and ride
services that reduce environmental issues.
My opinion is that many of the problems associated with urbanisation are
avoidable but dealing with increasing populations in cities is a formidable
challenge. How governments, businesses and society respond to this challenge
will dramatically affect the future of our world. (277 words)
Here are some comments about the above essay:
This response addresses both sides of the question and presents a position, that
the movement to cities is not a [wholly negative development].
The second and third paragraphs lay out the problems that can be caused by a
[[rapid influx] of people to urban areas [housing / transportation / traffic
congestion] and the fourth paragraph presents some of the advantages [
opportunities for education / higher-quality health care / environmental transport
initiatives].
Information and ideas are logically organised and there is a clear progression,
starting with the challenges and ending with a range of advantages.
Vocabulary is used with a natural and sophisticated control [bound to / trapped
in a cycle of poverty / severe traffic congestion / knock-on effects].
Grammar is flexible and accurate, with a wide range of structures included.

9. 3-) People have different views on the influences that a large number of the
country’s population choose to settle down in cities have on themselves and
society. While there are some detrimental impacts on their children and their
mental health, I do believe that they can benefit more from such migration.
On the one hand, it would cause adverse effects both individually and socially.
To begin with, speaking from the megapolis side, the immigration of these
disadvantaged people would cause a shortage of housing and even severer traffic
congestion in urban centres. Furthermore, the draining of these valuable
labourers would hinder the development of agriculture. For example, it would
trigger the descending productivity of grains and rice. In addition, these villagers
would experience a higher degree of marginalization, greater pressure from
work and living and even more discrimination from people around them, which
would impact their overall sense of well-being. Lastly, children of these
disadvantaged individuals would be turned into leftover kids and feel much
lonelier than their counterparts who are accompanied by their parents.
There are many reasons why I support the idea that these migrated populations
would contribute a lot both to themselves and society as a whole. Firstly, these
employees would earn more money and improve their quality of life. For
instance, they would have more disposable income and decent savings to
provide better medical conditions for their parents and better education for their
kids. Besides, this behaviour would expand their horizon and enlarge their social
connections and help them access higher social ladders. Thirdly, highly-
intensive competitiveness in cities can contribute to their rapid growth in career
paths, enhance their professional skills and have a more prosperous future.
In conclusion, I can understand the reason why individuals are concerned about
the prevalence of such behaviour, I would argue that it would bring more
benefits than drawbacks including improved living standards, an expanded
social circle and an advanced working ability, which are all valued in modern
society. (328 words, Sample Answer : 8.5)

10. 4-) The mass migration of rural populations to urban areas has accelerated
globally in recent years, and it has resulted in a steady decline in population in
the countryside. In my opinion, this is an alarming and negative development
because I believe that this phenomenon carries numerous adverse consequences
for both rural and urban areas and society as a whole.
Firstly, the depopulation of rural areas has detrimental effects on agricultural
practices and food security. As rural populations dwindle, the agricultural
workforce diminishes, leading to decreased agricultural productivity.
Consequently, there is a heightened reliance on imported food products, which
can be expensive and less sustainable. Take, for example, the case of Smithville,
a rural town in the Midwest. Over the past decade, Smithville has witnessed a
steady outmigration of its young population seeking better economic
opportunities in urban areas. With the departure of the youth, many farms in the
region have struggled to find enough labour to maintain their operations.
Furthermore, rural-to-urban migration exacerbates the problems associated with
urbanization. Cities become overpopulated, leading to increased pressure on
infrastructure, healthcare, education, and housing. Overcrowding in cities results
in traffic congestion, pollution, and a higher cost of living. These issues
diminish the quality of life for urban dwellers and can create social disparities
and unrest.
Another adverse effect of rural depopulation is the erosion of traditional cultures
and community bonds. As rural communities decline, age-old traditions and
customs face extinction, leading to a loss of cultural diversity and heritage.
Consider the case of a remote village nestled in the mountains of Nepal. For
generations, this village has been inhabited by a close-knit community with rich
cultural traditions deeply rooted in their unique way of life. However, in recent
years, many young people from the village have been lured away by the promise
of better job opportunities in the city. As these young adults left their ancestral
homes, the village’s population dwindled, and the community’s traditional way
of life began to erode.
In conclusion, the dwindling population in rural areas due to mass migration to
cities constitutes a negative development with far-reaching implications. It
threatens food security, exacerbates urban challenges, and diminishes cultural
diversity.

11. 5-) In recent years, there has been a significant global trend of rural populations
migrating to cities and urban areas, resulting in a decline in the number of
people residing in the countryside. While some may argue that this shift is a
positive development, I firmly believe that it brings about several negative
consequences for both rural communities and society as a whole. This essay will
delve into the detrimental effects of this urban migration and highlight the
potential drawbacks it poses.
Firstly, the migration of rural populations to cities exacerbates the problem of
overcrowding in urban areas. As more and more people flock to cities seeking
better opportunities and improved living standards, urban infrastructure
struggles to keep pace with the rapid influx of residents. Consequently, issues
such as housing shortages, increased traffic congestion, and strained public
services become prevalent. This not only hampers the quality of life for urban
dwellers but also places a burden on already overstretched resources.
Moreover, the exodus of rural communities to urban areas leads to a decline in
agricultural productivity and self-sufficiency. As farmers and agricultural
workers abandon their land, there is a decrease in agricultural output, which has
detrimental effects on food security and local economies. Rural areas have
historically played a crucial role in supplying food and sustaining rural
livelihoods, and their abandonment jeopardizes the stability and resilience of the
agricultural sector.
In conclusion, the movement of rural populations to cities and urban areas may
appear to be a positive development on the surface, but it brings about several
negative consequences. The overcrowding of urban areas, decline in agricultural
productivity, widening urban-rural divide, and loss of cultural heritage are all
detrimental effects of this rural-to-urban migration. Therefore, it is imperative
for governments and policymakers to recognize the negative implications of this
trend and take proactive measures to address the challenges faced by rural
communities, ensuring a more balanced and sustainable development for both
urban and rural areas.
Analysis
Outline statement: In recent years, there has been a significant global trend of
rural populations migrating to cities and urban areas, resulting in a decline in the
number of people residing in the countryside.

12. Paraphrased statement: While some may argue that this shift is a positive
development, I firmly believe that it brings about several negative consequences
for both rural communities and society as a whole.
Thesis statement: This essay will delve into the detrimental effects of this
urban migration and highlight the potential drawbacks it poses.
Body paragraph 1-Topic sentence: Firstly, the migration of rural populations
to cities exacerbates the problem of overcrowding in urban areas.
Body paragraph 1- Supporting evidence: As more and more people flock to
cities seeking better opportunities and improved living standards, urban
infrastructure struggles to keep pace with the rapid influx of residents.
Body paragraph 1- Analysis: Consequently, issues such as housing shortages,
increased traffic congestion, and strained public services become prevalent. This
not only hampers the quality of life for urban dwellers but also places a burden
on already overstretched resources.
Body paragraph 2- Topic sentence: Moreover, the exodus of rural
communities to urban areas leads to a decline in agricultural productivity and
self-sufficiency.
Body paragraph 2- Supporting evidence: As farmers and agricultural workers
abandon their land, there is a decrease in agricultural output, which has
detrimental effects on food security and local economies.
Body paragraph 2- Analysis: Rural areas have historically played a crucial role
in supplying food and sustaining rural livelihoods, and their abandonment
jeopardizes the stability and resilience of the agricultural sector.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the movement of rural populations to cities and
urban areas may appear to be a positive development on the surface, but it
brings about several negative consequences. The overcrowding of urban areas,
decline in agricultural productivity, widening urban-rural divide, and loss of
cultural heritage are all detrimental effects of this rural-to-urban migration.
Therefore, it is imperative for governments and policymakers to recognize the
negative implications of this trend and take proactive measures to address the
challenges faced by rural communities, ensuring a more balanced and
sustainable development for both urban and rural areas.

13. Vocabulary
In recent years, there has been a significant global trend of rural
populations migrating to cities and urban areas, resulting in a decline in the
number of people residing in the countryside. While some may argue that
this shift is a positive development, I firmly believe that it brings about several
negative consequences for both rural communities and society as a whole. This
essay will delve into the detrimental effects of this urban migration and
highlight the potential drawbacks it poses.
Firstly, the migration of rural populations to cities exacerbates the problem of
overcrowding in urban areas. As more and more people flock to cities seeking
better opportunities and improved living standards,
urban infrastructure struggles to keep pace with the rapid influx of residents.
Consequently, issues such as housing shortages, increased traffic congestion,
and strained public services become prevalent. This not only hampers the
quality of life for urban dwellers but also places a burden on
already overstretched resources.
Moreover, the exodus of rural communities to urban areas leads to a decline in
agricultural productivity and self-sufficiency. As farmers and agricultural
workers abandon their land, there is a decrease in agricultural output, which
has detrimental effects on food security and local economies. Rural areas have
historically played a crucial role in supplying food and sustaining rural
livelihoods, and their abandonment jeopardizes the stability and resilience of
the agricultural sector.
In conclusion, the movement of rural populations to cities and urban areas may
appear to be a positive development on the surface, but it brings about several
negative consequences. The overcrowding of urban areas, decline in
agricultural productivity, widening urban-rural divide, and loss of cultural
heritage are all detrimental effects of this rural-to-urban migration. Therefore,
it is imperative for governments and policymakers to recognize the
negative implications of this trend and take proactive measures to address the
challenges faced by rural communities, ensuring a more balanced
and sustainable development for both urban and rural areas.
Linkers and Connectors Used in this Essay
Here is a list of the linkers and connectors used in the essay:
 In recent years

14.  While
 I firmly believe
 Firstly
 As
 consequently
 such as
 not only… but also
 Moreover
 In conclusion
 but
 Therefore

15. 6-) Rural-to-urban migration, in many countries around the world, is leading to a
decline in the countryside's population. In my opinion, this constitutes a negative
development with far-reaching implications. As rural areas depopulate, the
social fabric weakens, vital agricultural practices diminish, and urban centres
face overpopulation challenges.
One significant reason why the decreasing population in rural areas is a negative
trend is the adverse impact it has on the social structure of communities. As
people move to cities seeking better opportunities, rural areas lose their sense of
close-knit community and shared values. This can lead to increased feelings of
isolation and detachment among those who remain, as well as reduced social
cohesion. For example, traditional farming communities that once thrived on
collective efforts are now disrupted, weakening the support systems that were
once the backbone of these societies.
Another key concern associated with the declining population in rural areas is
the potential loss of vital agricultural practices and knowledge. As young people
migrate to cities in search of education and employment, there is a risk of
traditional farming methods and indigenous knowledge being abandoned. This
trend could lead to a significant reduction in agricultural productivity and the
abandonment of sustainable practices. For instance, the departure of skilled
farmers could result in land degradation and a reliance on imported food,
negatively impacting both the rural and urban populations.
In conclusion, the migration of rural populations to cities, resulting in a decline
in the countryside's inhabitants, is undoubtedly a negative development. To
address this issue, governments and policymakers must focus on promoting
balanced regional development, providing incentives for young people to stay in
rural areas, and preserving the cultural heritage and sustainable practices that are
integral to rural life.

16. 7-) Statistics show that the world's population is increasing rapidly. It is
expected that most of us will be living in cities within the next few decades. The
question of whether urbanisation is a positive or negative development
remains controversial.
A rapid influx of people moving from rural to urban areas is bound to cause
problems. Firstly, pressure on resources such as housing and transportation
intensifies. It is becoming difficult for many people to afford adequate housing
in cities. A by-product of this is the creation of slums causing low-income
families to group together in neglected parts of the city. These people often
become trapped in a cycle of poverty that is difficult to escape.
As mentioned above, the growth of urban areas can also lead to severe traffic
congestion because more and more vehicles travel into the city from the
suburbs. This has many knock-on effects, such as problems with air quality. It
also leads many city dwellers to experience mental health issues because
travelling across large cities is tiring and stressful.
All of this being said, I don't believe that urbanisation is a wholly negative
development. There are advantages to living in large cities that are well
managed. For example, there are more schools which means more education
opportunities. Access to higher-quality health care is often better in cities.
Some cities have also introduced ride-sharing, e-bikes and part and ride
services that reduce environmental problems.
My opinion is that many of the problems associated with urbanisation are
avoidable but dealing with increasing populations in cities is a formidable
challenge. How governments, businesses and society respond to this challenge
will dramatically affect the future of our world. (277 words)
EXAMINER’S EXPLANATION
This response addresses both sides of the question and presents a position, that the movement to cities is not a
[wholly negative development]. The second and third paragraphs lay out the problems that can be caused by a
[rapid influx] of people to urban areas [housing / transportation / traffic congestion] and the fourth paragraph
presents some of the advantages [education opportunities / higher-quality health care / environmental
transport initiatives].
However, the part of the question about 'the population in the countryside ... decreasing' is not covered. The
candidate would need to include it to provide a full answer to this question.
Information and ideas are logically organised and there is a clear progression, starting with the challenges and
ending with a range of advantages.

17. Vocabulary is used with a natural and sophisticated control [bound to / trapped in a cycle of poverty / severe
traffic congestion / knock-on effects], although rare errors remain [education opportunities / educational
opportunities]. Grammar is flexible and accurate, with a wide range of structures included. There are some
shorter sentences which could be extended and more multi-clause examples could be included to add
complexity.
To improve this response, consideration should be given to the impact of the shrinking population in the
countryside.
8-) In recent years, a significant trend has emerged in numerous countries across the
globe, where rural inhabitants are increasingly migrating to urban areas, leading to a
decline in the population of the countryside. This phenomenon has both positive and
negative consequences, and its impact varies depending on the specific context of each
country. In this essay, I will explore the advantages and disadvantages of this rural-urban
migration.
One of the positive aspects of rural-to-urban migration is the potential for improved
economic opportunities. Cities usually offer a more diverse job market with higher-paying
positions, better access to education and healthcare facilities, and modern amenities that
can enhance the quality of life. This shift can lead to increased income levels and a
higher standard of living for those who migrate, which can subsequently benefit their
families back in the countryside through remittances.
On the other hand, the mass migration of rural dwellers can also exert a strain on urban
infrastructure and services. Rapid urbanization can lead to overcrowding, inadequate
housing, and overburdened public transportation systems. Moreover, it can contribute to
the rise of slums and exacerbate income inequality in cities. Additionally, the reduction of
the rural population may lead to a decline in agricultural productivity and food security.
Another downside is the potential loss of traditional cultural practices and local
knowledge. The exodus of rural communities may result in the abandonment of customs,
values, and indigenous practices, leading to the erosion of cultural diversity. This can be
detrimental to a nation's cultural heritage and identity.
Furthermore, the decline in the countryside population can have an adverse impact on
the environment. As people move to cities, there may be increased pressure on natural
resources and ecosystems, as well as greater pollution and waste generation.
In conclusion, the migration of rural inhabitants to cities has both positive and negative
effects. While it can provide better economic prospects and living standards, it can also
strain urban infrastructure, diminish cultural heritage, and negatively affect the
environment. Policymakers should focus on managing this transition effectively,
implementing sustainable urban planning, and investing in rural development to create
balanced growth and a harmonious society.

18. 9-) In many countries around the world, rural people are moving to cities, so
the population in the countryside is decreasing.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development
It is true that today people who are living in rural areas move to urban regions
and as a result, the number of residents in the countryside declines. I
personally believe this matter is seriously negative. Some reasons for this
opinion will be addressed in this passage.
The most substantial reason why I believe this is that today overpopulation is a
negative contributing factor in metropolitan cities. In other words, the number
of people in rural places experiences a decrease and in consequence, the
population of big cities soars. Therefore there are not enough living facilities for
all individuals. For example, the number of schools, cinemas and parks will be
limited and the lack of these amenities will take place certainly.
Another important reason that I advocate this action is negative is that if
people immigrate to major cities, the level of air pollution and traffic
congestion will be increased absolutely. As a result, the possibility of some
diseases surges undoubtedly. For instance, air pollution leads to heart disease
in humans, especially in the elderly people.
In conclusion, there is a fact that in many countries people prefer to live in
urban places rather than rural regions. I personally suppose this development is
completely disgusting, due to the fact that the number of facilities will be
limited and some negative repercussions such as air pollution and severe traffic
take place. I recommend the improvement of basic infrastructures
infrastructure in the countryside by the government to encourage them to live
in their accommodations. (Band-8)

19. 10-) It is very commonplace in a number of countries where the citizens
migrate from the countryside to the urban areas hence reducing the
populations in rural areas. Due to these movements, both the cities and the
villages are suffering a lot, hence I consider this as a negative development.
To begin with, as the demographics increase in the towns, the areas become
overcrowded and a lot of anti-social activities take place. Since the metros
cannot provide habitats for the added people, they gather in the slums. Every
year a number of families move from villages to the capital city of Bangladesh
and start living in various poor areas, for example. Moreover, the government
fails to provide jobs to these slum-dwellers hence the unemployment rate goes
high. Another problem is that, jobless people often are responsible for
committing crimes in the community.
On the other hand, the villages also suffer severely as the workforce left their
native land. This departure creates a huge vacuum and demands more people
in different sectors like agriculture, education, and other industries. For
instance, in the harvesting time especially during the rainy season, since people
came to towns, the villages do not get enough workers to take the crops home
in Bangladesh. The final point is that the students do not get a quality
education if the educated people leave the teaching institutions.
In conclusion, since this migration process breaks the balancing factors
between metropolitan areas and rural areas, this must be considered as a bad
development in certain countries.