Energy

1. Energy & Fuels
Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering
Lecturer: Mr Rashama 0773251373
c.rashama@mail.com

2. Course Overview
• Terms
• Energy Sources
• Fuel Characterization
• Global Energy Landscape
• Zimbabwean Energy Landscape
• Industrial Energy Management Strategies
ZERA and other energy related websites
Textbook, Journal papers, & Other reading materials
Youtube videos
Class Attendance for discussions & Tutorials compulsory (Penalties may apply)
Assessment – 2 Tests, 2 Assignments, 1 Exam.

3. Terms
• Energy – Forms, Units, Conservation,
• Work – Relationship to energy
• Fuel – Energy relationships
• Density – Normal density, SG, API
• Energy density- Units, significance
• Calorific value
• Specific heat capacity
• Combustion
• Watts versus VA

4. kVA versus kW

5. Non Renewable Energy Sources

6. OIL
• What is crude oil
• What is Petroleum
• Formation and Extraction processes

7. Coal
• What is coal
• Coalification
• Coal Ranking =Peat-Lignite-Bituminous-
Anthracite

9. Coal grading for Steel Manufacturing

10. Coal Coking

11. Gasification

12. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

13. Distillation

14. Distillation Column

15. Hydrotreatment Processes
Also used to assist with Desulphurization

16. Renewable
Energy

17. Biomass Processing

18. AD

19. Anaerobic Digester

20. Fuel Characterizations
• Solids – Proximate and Ultimate, CV
• Liquids - Auto-ignition temperature, Flash
temperature, Pour point, CV, O2, Cetane,
Octane Number, Moisture
• Gases - CV

21. Combustion Chemistry
• Oxygen demand
• Excess air and impacts
• Flue gases calculations
Example

22. Jankas Calorimeter- Gas CVs

23. Global Landscape, SHE and
Sustainability Issues
• Global Oil Production Stats
• Global Coal Stats
• Impacts on global trade – Fuel crises,
politics, industrialization and global trade,
etc
• Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse effect
• Effluents from energy related processes
• Deforrestation and coal mine collapse

24. Top ten Coal Producers
(Million ton oil equivalent and %)

25. Top coal consumers

26. Top Oil Producers

27. Top oil consumers

28. Carbon Cycle

29. SOx and NOx

30. Greenhouse Effect

31. Zim Landscape
• ZERA Website - Assignment

32. Industrial Energy Management
Strategies
Understand the ten-step
Energy Auditing process
PLANNING
AWARENESS
DATA
GATHERING
(PFDs)
FIELD SURVEYS
TRIALS
ANALYSIS OF
ENERGY USE
IDENTIFY ENERGY
SAVING
OPPORTUNITIES
Cost Benefit
Analysis
REPORTS
POST
EVALUATION