Description of components

1. B.Sc.-I (Electronics)
Paper-I
Basic Components
Dr. Krishna Jibon Mondal
Assistant Professor and Head
Department of physics and Electronics
Shri Shanakaracharya Mahavidyalaya, Bhilai

4. Basic Components used in Electronics
Resistance (also known as ohmic resistance or electrical resistance) is a measure
of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is measured in
ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega (Ω)
There are numbers of free electrons moving randomly in the crystal structure of a metallic
substance. When a voltage is applied across the resistance due to the electric field the free
electrons drift from lower potential point to higher potential point in the substance.
During drifting motion, the free electrons continually collide with atoms of the substance
and this phenomenon prevents the free motion of electrons and this causes resistance.
It unit is OHM
A capacitor in an electrical circuit behaves as a charge storage device. It holds the electric
charge when we apply a voltage across it, and it gives up the stored charge to the circuit as
when required.
The capacitance is the charge gets stored in a capacitor for developing 1 volt potential
difference across it. It unit is Farad
Inductor stores energy in form of a Magnetic felid. An inductor, also called a coil, choke,
or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic
field when electric current flows through it
It unit is henry

5. The PN junction diode is the basic semiconductor diode. It is used for
many forms of rectification for current levels both large and small, as well
as high and low voltage levels, and this semiconductor device finds many
uses in all manner of electronic circuit designs.
The PN junction has the very useful property that electrons are only able to flow
in one direction
A Zener diode is a specially designed, highly doped PN junction diode. Zener
diode is basically like an ordinary PN junction diode but normally operated in
reverse biased condition.
It is a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage
is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within
the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. It converts light energy into
Electrical energy

6. When it works as an amplifier, it takes in a tiny electric current at one
end (an input current) and produces a much bigger electric current (an
output current) at the other. In other words, it's a kind of current
booster. A hearing aid has a tiny microphone in it that picks up sounds from
the world around you and turns them into fluctuating electric currents. These
are fed into a transistor that boosts them and powers a tiny loudspeaker, so you
hear a much louder version of the sounds around you.
Integrated circuit (IC), also called microelectronic circuit, microchip, or chip, an
assembly of electronic components, fabricated as a single unit, in which
miniaturized active devices (e.g., transistors and diodes) and passive devices
(e.g., capacitors and resistors) and their interconnections are built up on a thin
substrate of semiconductor material (typically silicon).
Transformer :Higher AC transmission voltages and currents can then be reduced
to a much lower, safer and usable voltage level where it can be used to supply
electrical equipment in our homes and workplaces, and all this is possible
thanks to the basic Voltage Transformer.

9. Capacitor in Series
When adding together Capacitors in Series, the reciprocal ( 1/C ) of the individual capacitors
are all added together ( just like resistors in parallel ) instead of the capacitance’s themselves.
Then the total value for capacitors in series equals the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals
of the individual capacitances.
Capacitors in parallel
When adding together capacitors in parallel, they must all be converted to the same
capacitance units, whether it is μF, nF or pF.

10. Inductors in Series Inductors connected in series and parallel behave the exact opposite way
to capacitors.
For example, to calculate the inductance of a group of inductors in series, you can simply sum
up the values of the individual inductances.
Inductor in Series
L = L1 + L2 + … + Ln
Where L is the total inductance and L1, L2…Ln are the individual inductances.
Suppose you have two inductors, one measuring 10uH and the other 15uH, then by putting
them in series you obtain a total inductance of 25uH.

11. Inductors in parallel
Inductors in parallel behave the same way as resistors in parallel, the
inductance is given by:
1/L = 1/L1 + 1/L2 + … + 1/Ln
Where L is the total inductance and L1, L2…Ln are the individual
inductances.
In this way if you connect two 10uH inductors in parallel, you’ll end up with
an inductance of 5uH.
RATE OF CURRENT RISE
V = L.dI/dt
Where V is the voltage applied across the inductor, L is the inductance, I is the
current and t is the time.
This states that when a constant voltage is applied across the inductor, the
current rises in a linear slope.
RATE OF Charge
V = Q/C
Where V is the voltage applied across the Capacitor, C is the Capacitance, Q is
the Charge

13. 02* 10 power 5 = 20,0000
ohm= 200 kilo ohm (K Ω)

14. Thank You