3. • The femoral ring is the proximal
or abdominal/pelvic opening of
the femoral canal.
• Boundaries:
• Anterior: inguinal ligament
• Posterior: pectineal ligament
and muscle
• Medial: lacunar ligament
• Lateral: medial border of the
femoral vein
10. • Contents of the popliteal fossa:
• 1. Tibial nerve and its branches.
• 2. Common peroneal nerve and its branches.
• 3. Popliteal artery and its branches.
• 4. Popliteal vein and its tributaries.
• 5. Popliteal lymph nodes.
• 6. Popliteal pad of fat.
• 7. Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
• 8. Genicular branch of the obturator nerve
16. • Type:Tibiofemoral joint: Synovial hinge joint; uniaxial
Patellofemoral joint: Plane joint
• Articular surfaces: Tibiofemoral joint: lateral and medial condyles of femur, tibial
plateaus
Patellofemoral joint: patellar surface of femur, posterior surface
of patella
• Ligaments and Menisci: Extracapsular ligaments: patellar ligament, medial
and lateral patellar retinacula, tibial (medial) collateral ligament, fibular (lateral)
collateral ligament, oblique popliteal ligament, arcuate popliteal ligament,
anterolateral ligament (ALL)
• Intracapsular ligaments: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate
ligament (PCL), medial meniscus, lateral meniscus
• Innervation :Femoral nerve (nerve to vastus medialis, saphenous nerve) tibial
and common fibular (peroneal) nerves, posterior division of the obturator nerve
• Blood supply : Genicular branches of lateral circumflex femoral artery, femoral
artery, posterior tibial artery, anterior tibial artery and popliteal artery
• Movements : Extension, flexion, medial rotation, lateral rotation
17. • Patellar tendinitis: is an inflammation of the patellar ligament due to overuse
stress on the patellofemoral joint. It is also called “jumper’s knee” because it
commonly occurs in sports such as basketball or volleyball, where the players
exhibit a sudden impact on the joint when landing after a jump. It is also
more common in overweight individuals, as the knee is subjected to more
stress.
• Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury: ranging from a mild sprain to
complete tear of the ligament, this injury is common among athletes in
contact sports, such as football or soccer occuring due to a sudden change of
direction or improper landing after a jump. ACL injury causes pain, swelling
and instability of the knee joint.
• Collateral ligament tears: these injuries occur most commonly in contact
sports due to a blow on the side of the knee. The tibial collateral ligament can
be injured by a direct blow to the lateral side of the knee that pushes the
knee inwards. Conversely, a fibular collateral ligament tear occurs due to a
direct blow to the medial side of the knee.
