The document discusses the history and cultivation of coffee. It notes that coffee was introduced to Brazil by the Portuguese in the 19th century. Fazendas, or coffee plantations, spread across Brazil between 1840 and 1896, producing a major export but also intensifying slavery. Today, Brazil is the world's largest coffee exporter. The document also outlines the environmental and climate conditions suitable for coffee cultivation and some of the problems coffee growers face.

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• Coffee was introduced in Brazil by the Portuguese in the 19th
century.
• Coffee is a brewed beverage with a dark, acidic flavor
prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, colloquially
called coffee beans.
Coffee
berrie
s
Roasted
Coffee
beans

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Land Gently sloping ,
elevation above 500mt.
Climate Tropical with average
temperature 21ºC , no
frost.
Soil Terra roxa soil of
volcanic origin.
Labour Plenty of cheap labour .
Transport Well developed
transportation required.

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• Fazendas were coffee plantations that spread into the interior
of Brazil between 1840 and 1896. They created major export
commodities for Brazilian trade, but also led to intensification
of slavery in Brazil.
Fazenda :
Santo
Antonio do
Paraiso

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• Railroads, steamships and the telegraph were introduced to
Brazil, all paid for by the money the fazendas supplied from
their coffee crop.
• Fazendas are owned by landowners called fazendeiros.
Fazenda :

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• Plant diseases , soil erosion , climatic fluctuations and careless
picking are some problems faced by coffee growers.
• Brazil is the leading exporter of coffee in the world. It is also
known as the “Coffee pot of the world.”
Pie Chart
showing
coffee
export by
Brazil

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• A shepherd in Africa was herding his sheep one day when he
noticed them acting very strangely. They appeared jittery and
energetic (which must be quite odd, coming from a sheep).
Upon further investigation, the shepherd saw that they were
eating coffee beans from coffee plants. The rest, they say, is
history.
• Coffee is so popular that it even has its own holidays. Costa
Ricans celebrate coffee on September 12th, while the Irish
celebrate coffee on September 19th. A few days later, on October
1st, Japanese people celebrate “Coffee Day”.

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• An average coffee tree typically takes five years to mature. On
top of that, each tree produces only about 1-2 pounds of coffee
annually.
• Coffee also has other health-related value. Coffee contains
antioxidants, which help prevent harmful substances called free
radicals from inflicting damage on your body. The drink also
increases the benefit of pain-killers, could potentially help with
Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, temporarily increases
cognitive performance including alertness, recall, and
multitasking, and can even serve as a laxative.

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• Espresso reigns supreme in Italy and France, while people in
the Middle East prefer spiced coffee. Flavored coffee is becoming
very popular in the United States and South America, while older
generations all over the world tend to prefer black coffee.
• There are actually two types of coffee consumed today: coffee
made from Arabica coffee beans and coffee made from robusta
coffee beans. The coffee in your supermarket is mostly robusta,
while the higher-end coffee in your supermarket – along with
that sold in most cafes, coffee houses, and restaurants – is
arabica.