Specialized cell

2. Red blood cells
Structure:
• Large surface area because of dimple
shape
• Contains haemoglobin which picks up
oxygen
• Has no nucleus to make room for more
oxygen
Function:
• Carries oxygen from the lungs to the body
and carbon dioxide from the body back to
the lungs.
Red Blood Cells

3. Red blood cells
White Blood Cells
Function:
• White blood cells are made in your bone marrow and form part of the immune system
• On average they only last 1 to 3 days so your body is always making more.
• They protect our bodies from sickness, patrolling through our bloodstream in search of harmful
pathogens (disease causing organisms).
• White blood cells help us to fight viruses, bacteria, allergies, and even cancer.

4. Nerve cells
Structure:
• These are extremely elongated (long) cells
• They have many branches at both ends to
connect to other nerve cells
• The long axis (main branch) is covered in fat to insulate
them and increase the rate at which information
(electrical signals) is passed along the
axon
Function:
• To carry nerve impulses around your
body
Nerve Cells

5. Sperm cells
Sperm Cell
Structure:
• Have a long tail so they can swim to find an
egg
• There are enzymes (like scissors) in the head
of the sperm to help the sperm get into the
egg
• Made in the testis of males
Function:
• To carry the father’s genetic information (DNA)
to the egg

6. Root hair cells
Root Hair Cell
Structure:
• Large surface area to absorb lots of
water
• Thin cell wall to allow water to pass
through easily
• Large vacuole for storing water
• Doesn’t contain any chloroplasts
unlike all other plant cells
Function:
• Absorbs minerals and water from soil

7. Palisade Cell
Structure:
• Found in the top of a leaf
• Tall and has a large surface
area to catch as much
sunlight as possible
• Packed with chloroplasts to
absorb sunlight
Function:
• to carry out photosynthesis
• to help make plant food.
Palisade Cell

8. Structure:
• They line all the air passages down to
the lungs.
• They have tiny hairs called cilia.
Function:
• Designed to stop Lung Damage
• Hairs sweep mucus with trapped dust and
bacteria back up the throat to be
swallowed.
• If you smoke then the hairs die and the
mucus builds up leading to the well known
smoker’s cough – however if you stop
they grow back!
Nucleus
cilia
Ciliated Cell

9. Egg (Ovum) Cell
Structure:
• Contains yolk that acts as a
food source for the
developing embryo (baby)
when fertilised
• Much larger than other
animal cells (look at the size
of the sperm next to it!)
Function:
• Carries the mother’s DNA
Cytoplasm containing yolk
Layer of jelly
Nucleus
Egg Cell