2. Definitions
SHAPE
SHAPE- two dimensional area that
displays both width and length; has
relatively clear boundaries
POSITIVE SHAPES- a tangible or solid
shape that appears in front of or
encloses an area of the
background
NEGATIVE SHAPES- theoretically
empty areas created by shapes
touching each other
FIGURE AND GROUND- terms that
refer to the interactions of positive
and negative shapes in a two
dimensional image
ORGANIC SHAPES- curvilinear in
nature, display irregular routines or
contours
GEOMETRIC SHAPES- bordered by
straight lines, precise angles, uniform
curves
VOLUMETRIC FORM
VOLUMETRIC FORM- three-
dimensional equivalent of a two-
dimensional shape
ORGANIC FORMS- display irregular
contours, curvilinear and non-
mechanical looking
GEOMETRIC FORMS- cube, sphere,
cone or pyramid
3. Key Concepts
SHAPE and VOLUMETRIC FORM
Visual conflict contributes to the multi-dimensional character
of a portrait. Shapes that are different provide a stimulating
effect that add to the aesthetic value of a piece.
The interaction of organic and geometric shapes and forms
show great contrasting visual characteristics as well as visual
conflicts and pictorial problems. These appeal to all kinds of
people, because different perspectives find beauty in different
pieces..
Volumetric form is always accompanied by other aspects of
the vocabulary of visual expression. (ex. Principle of space)
Geometric forms and shapes are often seen in architecture
because they represent deeper symbolic or religious meanings
to different cultures. (ex. Domes on churches)
4. References and Connections to
PHOTO IDEA INDEX
Page 100: Shapes “Be on the lookout for interesting and unexpected
instances of simple shapes in the real world. If they are intriguing to
you, then there’s a good chance that others will be attracted to the
photos you take of them.”
Page 120: Depth Perception “Take advantage of the intriguing
visual and thematic effects that three-dimensional feel can lend to
an image. Consider points of view that amplify the perception of
depth whenever you sense that such a presentation could enhance
an image’s impact.”
Page 86: Symmetry “Symmetry, like a basic shape, is easy on the
brain: It is a fundamental visual arrangement that does not
challenge the viewer’s comprehension.”
5. References and Connections to
NONDESIGNERS DESIGN BOOK
Page 81: “Don’t be afraid to be asymmetrical, to uncenter
your format- it often makes the effect stronger. It’s okay to do
the unexpected.”
Page 33: “Nothing should be placed on the page arbitrarily.
Every item should have a visual connection with something
else on the page.” Robin’s Principle of Alignment
Page 33: “The strength of the edge is what gives strength to
the layout.”
Page 33: “Even when aligned elements are physically
separated from each other, there is an invisible line that
connects them, both in your eye and in your relationship…”
Page 49: “It is possible to break free of alignment if you do it
consciously, and one can tell that it was on purpose.”
