All about Linguistics

1. The Levels of linguistic
analysis

2.  Linguistic analysis:
 The analysis of language or its
structure.
 Definition of Linguistic Analysis
 Linguistic analysis may be defined as an
organized attempt to describe linguistic
data for a defined purpose.

3.  Phonology is concerned with the
patterns and organization of a language
in terms of its phonetic features and
categories involved.
The smallest unit of phonology is called
'Phoneme'.
 A language has a finite number of
phonemes.

4.  Phonology however is associated more
with the abstract properties of
sounds.

5.  English, for example, has 44
phonemes (20 vowels and 24
consonants).
 There are rules for combining
phonemes to make words.
 These rules describe the patterns and
organization of phonemes in the
English language

6.  Example:
 Cat: /kæt/ CVC
 Any linguistic analysis that attempts
to describe the English language has
therefore to identify, describe and
analyze these 44 phonemes and rules
which enable these phonemes to form
words.

7.  Phonemes and allophones are
generally distinguished.
 /t/, /id/,/d/
 locked, painted, called

8.  phonology is the classification of the sounds
within the system of a particular language
or languages.
2) Phonetics is the study of human sounds.
Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that
focuses on the production and classification
of the world’s speech sounds.
The production of speech looks at the
interaction of different vocal organs, for
example the lips, tongue and teeth, to
produce particular sounds.

9.  stress, pitch, intonation
 Phonetics is divided into three types
according to the production (articulatory),
transmission (acoustic) and perception
(auditive) of sounds.
 speech sounds into categories which can be
seen in what is called the International
Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

10. Auditory Phonetics: The study of speech perception and
how the brain forms perceptual representations of the
input it receives during the course of communication.
Articulatory Phonetics: The study of the positions and
movements of the lips, tongue, vocal tract, and other
speech organs.
Acoustic Phonetics: The study of the properties of the
sound waves and how they are perceived by the inner
ear.

11. 2)Word
 Morphology:
 Morphology is the study of the structure
of words.

12.  English Morphemes
 A) Free
 Open Class
 Closed Class
 B) Bound
 1) Affix
 Derivational
 Inflectional
2) Root