What is RFID ? Components of RFID RFID Tags & Readers How does RFID work ? Block Diagram Applications of RFID Security issues Next-Generation RFID Advantages

1. RFID
(RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION)
SOUMEN SANTRA
MCA, M.Tech, SCJP, MCP

2. RFID ?
 It allows an object or person to be identified at a distance,
using radio waves.
It energize and communicate with some form of tag or card.
An Automated Data Collection (ADC) technology.
It uses radio-frequency waves.
It transfers data between a reader and a movable item.
It can identify, categorize, tracking, etc.
It is fast & reliable
It does not require physical sight.
It can contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item.

3. RFID : Components
Transponder/Tag
 Uniquely identifiable data item with RFID tag.
Antenna
 Transmits Radio Frequency signals between Tag & RFID Reader.
Transceiver
 Receives Radio Frequency signals from RFID devices, and reads &
passes data to the host for processing.
 Contains a decoder to interpret the data.

4. RFID Components : Block Diagram

5. RFID Tags : Types
 Active
 Transmits radio signal.
 Battery powered memory, radio & circuitry.
 High Read Range (300 feet).
 Passive
 Reflects radio signal from reader.
 Reader powered.
 Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet).
 Self-active-tags
Built-in battery to power the Only when the reader read first tag.

6. RIFD Reader ?
 A device used to gather information from an RFID tag.
 Used to track individual objects.
 Used to transfer data from the tag to a reader.
 Transmit information to the microcontroller .
 The information known as Electronics Product Code(EPC) .

7. RFID : Mechanism
 It is referred to as Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC).
 Automatically identify objects, collect data about them.
 Enter those data directly into computer systems with little or no human
intervention.
 It utilizes radio waves to accomplish this.
 RFID systems consist of three components:
 RFID tag or smart label,
 RFID reader,
 Antenna.
 RFID tags contain an integrated circuit and an antenna.
 It is used to transmit data to the RFID reader or interrogator.
 The reader then converts the radio waves to data.
 Information collected from the tags.
 It transferred through a communications interface to a host computer.
 Here the data can be stored in a database and analyzed at a later time.

8. RFID : Mechanism
RFID
reader t
a
g
1243234909.23AE2F.345K4D055
Smart
antenna
antenna
Interface to host
computer (RS485,
RS232/422, ethernet,
802.11, etc)
1- The Reader
sends an
interrogation
command which
radiated by the
antennas
2- The tag responds
to the reader’s
command by
sending its tag
identifier
3- The reader
communicates the
ID read from tag to
the host computer.
ID: 01.43200B9.23AE1F.345C4D012

9. BLOCK DIAGRAM

10. RFID : SECURITY SYSTEM
Allows only authorized people to enter a particular area.
Authorized people are provided with unique tags, to access the area.
Control by microcontroller or an Arduino.
In a microcontroller a RIFD module, a LCD module, buzzer motor, etc used.

11. Security Components
Microcontroller
This is the CPU of security system.
The various functions like reading digital i/p from reader, turn on buzzer for
invalid card, turn on the motor or relay perform if card is valid.
 LCD
Used to display alphabets along with numbers on its screen.
Used to display the details of the card .
MOTOR
It is turned on to indicate the door opening based on valid card .

12. RFID : WORKING PRINCIPLE SECURITY
SYSTEM
 The reader sends signal to the tag using an antenna.
 The tag receives this information and resends this information along with the information in
its memory.
 The reader receives this signal and transmits to the processor for further processing.
Micro
controller
LCD
Buzzer
RFID
Card
RFID
Reader
Motor
Driver
ICMotor

13. RFID : APPLICATION
 Instructions based : Schools , colleges, and hospitals etc.
 Communication based : Transportation , tracking of birds and animals.
 Security based system.
 Detect any defect in products etc.
 Inventory based : Item management for retail, health care, etc.
 Railway & car identification and tracking and Electronic toll collection

14. Application
Batch Wireless
Fixed Station

15. RFID : Versions
 Gen 2 and UHF standards.
 Faster read rates (up to 1500 tags / second).
 Reduced level of interference with multiple tags.
 Tags can be re-written multiple times.
 Security – password protection, encryption, authentication.
 Service Companies Impinj Inc., Qualcomm, Unilever, UPS, etc.

16. RFID : Advantages
 No Physical Communication.
 Fast read/write capability
 Response in Real-time
 Tag more authenticate than bar code
 Distance not matter.

17. RFID : FREQUENCY BANDS

18. Updating Required
 More secureness & restrictive.
 To build new systems with new platform.
 Support “Zombie” RFID tags.
 New standardization such as UHF, Gen 2, etc.
 Adapt learning experience.

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