The document discusses the UK photovoltaic (PV) market and the Feed-in Tariff (FIT) scheme. It provides background on previous renewable energy policies, describes the key aspects of the new FITs program including eligible technologies, tariff levels and durations. It also covers administration of the scheme, potential issues, and projections for significant growth in small-scale PV capacity and generation due to the incentives provided by the FITs.

2. FITs and the UK PV market
! Current market
! The new Feed-In Tariffs scheme
! Issues with the FITs
! Outlook for the future
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3. PV installed capacity
32MWp !!
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4. UK measures for RES-E
! Renewables Obligation
! Started 2001
! Single price for all technologies
! Low Carbon Buildings Programme
! Started 2006
! Grant per installation – PV: £2,500 max.
! PV: 000’s of installations
! Feed-In Tariffs
! Started April 2010
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5. The 3 main value streams
2
3
1
Total
benefit
to
customer
=
1
GeneraHon
tariff
+
Saving
on
reduced
imports
+
2
3
Export
bonus
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6. The Generation Tariff
! Paid for every kWh generated;
! whether used by the system owner
! or exported back to the grid
! Level depends on:
! The renewable energy technology
! The capacity of the system
! The date of installation
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7. FIT Eligible technologies
! Biogas from anaerobic digestion
! Hydro-power
! Solar photovoltaics
! Retrofit in existing property
! New-build (properties not yet occupied)
! Stand-alone (systems for pure grid-feed)
! Wind power
! Micro-CHP (non renewable)
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8. Eligible capacities
! The FITs cover installations up to 5MW
! Except Micro-CHP only up to 2kW
! The tariff level depends on:
! So-called ‘Total Installed Capacity’
! The capacity is per ‘site’
! Additions based on cumulative capacity
! Installations must be accredited
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9. Ineligible installations
! Other RES-E technologies:
! Biomass, geothermal, tidal, wave, biofuel
! Hopefully to be reconsidered on review
! Systems over 5MW
! Second-hand and refurbished systems
! Pre 15th July ‘09 installations
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10. FIT tariff levels
Energy source Scale Generation tariff p/kWh Duration (years)
AD ≤500kW 11.5 20
AD >500kW 9.0 20
Hydro ≤15 kW 19.9 20
Hydro >15 - 100kW 17.8 20
Hydro >100kW - 2MW 11.0 20
Hydro Retrofit
- 5MW≤4kW
>2kW
41.3p
4.5 20
Micro-CHP <2 kW
New build
≤4kW
36.1p
10.0 10
Solar PV ≤4 kW new 36.1 25
Solar PV ≤4 kW retrofit 4-10kW
36.1p
41.3 25
Solar PV Retrofit and 10-100kW
31.4p
>4-10kW 36.1 25
Solar PV >10 - 100kW 31.4 25
Solar PV
new build
- 5MW
>100kW 29.3 25
100kW-5MW
29.3p
Solar PV Standalone 29.3 25
Wind ≤1.5kW ≤5MW
29.3p
34.5 20
Standalone
Wind >1.5 - 15kW 26.7 20
Wind >15 - 100kW 24.1 20
Wind >100 - 500kW 18.8 20
Wind >500kW - 1.5MW 9.4 20
Wind >1.5MW - 5MW 4.5 20
Existing systems transferred from the RO 9.0 to 2027
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11. The Export Tariff
! For every kWh exported to the grid
! The beneficiary gets the generation tariff
! Plus a premium for export, as follows
! A fixed rate of 3p/kWh has been set
! But you can opt out and negotiate
! a better price from an electricity supplier
! Opt-out decisions can be made each year
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PV
market
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Wolfe
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12. Duration of tariffs
! Tariffs are fixed for 20-25 years
! Except micro-CHP for 10 years
! PV is 25 years all others are 20
! Tariffs are index-linked to the RPI
! Both generation and fixed export tariffs
! New rates will be announced annually
! For new installations tariffs change:
! Subject to degression
! Maybe at reviews (5-yearly from 2013)
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Wolfe
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13. Tax treatment
! Householders don’t pay Income Tax on
! The generation nor the export tariffs
! ... provided that it is for
“households who use renewable technology to
generate electricity mainly for their own use”
! Business has no special tax exemption
! but can offset costs against profit as usual
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14. How the tariffs were set
! To achieve an “average 5-8%” return
! Would equate to roughly 12-year ‘payback’
! We find that typical systems:
! Recover their costs ~ twice over the period
! That is equivalent to a 12-year payback
! We find that the best systems:
! Recover their costs 2½ to 3 times
! Equivalent to less than 10-year payback
! Index-link & tax break improves all this
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FITs
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Philip
Wolfe
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15. Where the money comes from
! The scheme is set in law, but
! The government doesn’t pay for it
! It comes from a levy on electricity bills
! It’s collected and paid out by suppliers
! Who have a ‘levelisation’ system to share
the costs fairly between them
! It is now part of their licence conditions
! Only small suppliers can opt out
! Others are called ‘FITs licensees’
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Wolfe
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16. Who the money goes to
! The beneficiary is the system owner
! He can specify a ‘nominated recipient’
! to whom is tariff payments can be made
! He nominates (and can change)
! which FITS licensee will pay over the tariff
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2010
FITs
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PV
market
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Philip
Wolfe
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17. Scheme administration
! Scheme is administered by Ofgem, who
! Maintain the register of FITs installations
! Oversee the levelisation process
! Accredit systems over 50kW
! Have issued guidelines on how it works
! For more details:
www.FITariffs.co.uk
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18. A measure for energy users?
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19. What energy users want
! Not to have to be energy experts
! A financial proposition that works
Which renewables suit me? Connection agreement?
! Not to have to How much energy?
Do I need planning?
Cost of energy imports?
Negotiate export price?
Who can supply and install? Which supplier?
worry about it What servicing is needed?
How long do they last?
What metering?
Who reads meters?
What if the sun doesn’t shine / wind doesn’t blow?
Who makes sure it all works together?
Load management / Smart metering?
How to register for tariffs?
What finance is available?
! We’ll do it all
! … and give you a cheque each quarter
7th
June
2010
FITs
and
the
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PV
market
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Philip
Wolfe
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20. Issues with the FITs
! Public awareness
! Little government promotion
! Consenting
! Small systems ‘permitted development’
! Larger developments less certain
! Tariff levels
! Financing
! No official finance available
7th
June
2010
FITs
and
the
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PV
market
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Philip
Wolfe
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21. Long term forecast
PwC
Government
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FITs
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PV
market
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Philip
Wolfe
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22. Any questions?
Websites
About the Feed-In Tariffs:
www.fitariffs.co.uk
About the Renewable Heat Incentive:
www.rhincentive.co.uk
About Ownergy:
www.ownergy.co.uk
7th
June
2010
FITs
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PV
market
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Philip
Wolfe
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