2-3 million die every year because of Vitamin A deficiency, 500.000 people get blind, most of them children. With Golden Rice, a lot of these people could be saved. Learn how and why.
2. 792 million
people are
malnourished
(2000)
10 million
children die of
malnutrition
every year
2‐3 million die
because of VAD,
500.000 get
blind
400 million
p
poor consume
mainly rice
3. Vitamin A import
Vit i A i rtance
Vision
Epithelial growth and repair
Epithelial gro th and repair
r
Bone growth
Reproduction and
embryonic development
Maintenance of the surface
linings of the eyes
Epithelial integrity of
p g y
respiratory, urinary and
intestinal tracts
Regulation of adult genes
Reg lation of ad lt genes
Immune response
6. The “best“ const
Th “b t“ struct: GR II
t GR II
Endosperm‐specific promotor Glu
utelin‐promotor Gt1p
transit peptide tp to target plastid
d
Nos‐Terminator , terminating syn
nthesis (nopaline synthase)
carotene‐desaturase from Erwinia
a uredovora crtI, catalyzing mutiple
a uredovora crtI catalyzing mutiple
steps in carotenoid synthesis
Zea mays phytoene synthase
Maize ubiquitin‐promotor ubi1p
phosphomannose‐isomerase mar
phosphomannose isomerase mar
rker System „Positech avoiding
rker‐System Positech“, avoiding
antibiotic‐marker
RB and LB: RB, T‐DNA right/left b
, g / border sequence
q
7. The new Golden
Th G ld Ri
Rice
Golden Rice up to 37 µg/g
carotenoid of which 31 µg/g is
β
β‐carotene (first genera
( g ation
Golden Rice 1.6 µg/g )
$3 00 19 40 daly (costs
$3.00 ‐ 19.40 daly (costss to
save one life) – from $200
cost‐effective (World ba
ff ank)
India: 5,000‐40,000 chil
India: 5,000 40,000 chilldren
could be saved per year r –
every 14minutes one liffe
8. Criticism
C iti i
Golden Rice could
contaminate wild
rice forever
better answers to the
problem of VAD
Encourages diet based d on one food
Designed to help introoducing GMOs
Unknown side‐effects s
Bioavailability, storage effects
Bi il bilit t ff t
9. Micronutrients an
nd Bioavailablity
Micronutrients
can enhance
soil quality
Various factors
determine
availablity
A lot of
breeding‐
pote t a
potential
10. Status and Outl
St t d O tl k
l
look
Introduction to the
Philippines b
hl by 2012,
then Bangladesh
g
Yield: about 5t ‐ low?
Storage
Storage – depends on traits
Conversion factor – firrst experiments
successfull
GR with additional nut tritional traits:
vitamin E, iron and zin
nc, high‐quality
p
protein or essential am
mino acids
11. Personalized
medicine
Trend of the future:
personalized diets for
problematic SNPs
Nutrigenomics:
Interaction of dietary
components and
t d
resulting proteonomic
and metabolomic
changes
Nutrigenetics:
Understanding Gene‐
based differences in
response to dietary
components
12. What should
be done
Spread
biofortified food
to Africa
Adopt
regulatory
process
Shift public
opinion
Focus research
and
agriculture
lesser on
profits
Establish not
only bio, but
also quality
13. Sources
All Slides:
Salim Al‐Babili and Peter Beyer, „Golden Rice – five years on the road – five years to go?“, Review: Trends in Plant Science,
Vol. 10 No. 12 December 2005
Roukayatou Zimmermann, Matin Qaim: „Potential heal
R k t Zi M ti Q i P t ti l h l lth benefits of Golden Rice – a Philippine case study“ – F d li
lth b fit f G ld Ri Phili i t d “ Food policy 29
(2004)
Ross M. Welch, Robin D. Graham: „Breeding for micronu utrients in staple food crops from a human nutrition perspective“,
Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, No. 396
Peter Bayer et al.: „Golden Rice: Indroducing the β‐Caro
otene Biosynthesis Pathway into Rice Endosperm by Genetic
Engineering to Defeat Vitamin A Defiency Symposium
Engineering to Defeat Vitamin A Defiency“, Symposium m The Journal of Nutrition, 2002 American Society for Nutritional
m The Journal of Nutrition 2002 American Society for Nutritional
Science
The Golden Rice project – www.goldenrice.org
Slide 3: http://www.cehjournal.org/extra/40_15_01.html , Photos: Simon Franken, Allen Foster, Donald McLaren & Gordon
Johnson
Alfred Sommer (ophthalmologist) http://www.jhsph.ed / bli h l h
Alf d S ( hth l l i t) h // jh h edu/publichealthnews/press_releases/sommer_vitA.html
/ l / i Ah l
Slide 7:
DER SPIEGEL 48/2008 http://www.spiegel.de/media/0,4 4906,19439,00.pdf
„Kampagne für gentechnisch veränderten Reis am Sche eideweg“ Christoph Then, www.scouting‐biotechnology.net, Januar
2009, im Auftrag von foodwatch e. V.
9, g
http://www.foodwatch.de/e10/e1026/e19431/e23453/Go oldenRice_deutsch_final_ger.pdf
„All that glitters is not Gold: The false hope of Golden Riice“, Greenpeace, May 2005,
http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/ /press/reports/all‐that‐glitters‐is‐not‐gold.pdf
Slide 8: www.greenpeace.org
Slide 9: http://www.goldenrice.org/Content3‐Why/why3
3_FAQ.html
Slide 11: Rahul Shetty MD, http://open.medicdrive.org/b
blog/2007/09/26/surfing‐the‐waves‐of‐medicine‐two‐point‐oh/
Slide 12: Google Earth, Terrametrics, DigitalGlobe
Undata, www.thematicmapping.org
, pp g g