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1. Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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ASSIGNMENT
PROGRAM MCA(REVISED FALL 2012)
SEMESTER THIRD
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MCA3050- ADVANCED COMPUTER NETWORKS
CREDIT 4
BK ID B1650
MAX. MARKS 60
Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be
approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.
1. Describe OSI Model. List and explain its seven layers.
Answer : The OSI, or Open System Interconnection, model defines a networking framework to
implement protocols in seven layers. Control is passed from one layer to the next, starting at the
application layer in one station, and proceeding to the bottom layer, over the channel to the next
station and back up the hierarchy.
There'sreallynothingtothe OSImodel.Infact,it's not eventangible. The OSI model doesn't do any
functions in the networking process, It is a conceptual framework so we can better understand
complex interactions that are happening. The OSI model takes the task of internetworking and
divides that up into what is referred to as a vertical stack
Q. 2. Describe about DWDM. Explain the components of a basic DWDM system
Answer:Shortfor Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, an optical technology used to increase
bandwidth over existing fiber optic backbones.
DWDM works by combining and transmitting multiple signals simultaneously at different
wavelengthsonthe same fiber.Ineffect,one fiber is transformed into multiple virtual fibers. So, if
youwere to multiplex eightOC-48signalsintoone fiber,youwouldincrease the carrying capacity of
that fiber from 2.5 Gb/s to 20 Gb/s. Currently, because of DWDM, single fibers have been able to
transmit data at speeds up to 400Gb/s.

2. Q. 3. Describe about Peak cell rate (PCR) and Sustained cell rate (SCR).
Answer: If a service (or application) wishes to use a broadband network (an ATM network in
particular) to transport a particular kind of traffic, it must first inform the network about what kind
of traffic is to be transported, and the performance requirements of that traffic. The application
presents this information to the network in the form a traffic contract.
An example of trafficthatrequiresthistype of service categoryare variable rate, compressed video
streams.Sourcesthatuse rt-VBR connectionsare expectedtotransmitata rate that varieswithtime
(forexample,trafficthatcan be consideredbursty).Real-time VBRconnectionscanbe characterized
by a Peak Cell Rate (PCR), Sustained Cell Rate (SCR), and
Q. 4. Describe the following:
a) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol
Answer:OpenShortestPath First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It
uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols, operating
withinasingle autonomoussystem (AS). It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 (1998) for IPv4.
The updates for IPv6 are specified as OSPF Version 3 in RFC 5340 (2008).
OSPF is perhaps the most widely used interior
b) Broader Gateway Routing Protocol (BGP)
Answer: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to
exchange routingandreachabilityinformationbetween autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet.
The protocol is oftenclassifiedasapath vectorprotocol but is sometimesalsoclassed as a distance-
vector routing protocol. The Border Gateway Protocol makes routing decisions based on paths,
networkpolicies,orrule-setsconfiguredby a network administrator and is involved in making core
routing decisions.
Q. 5. Write short notes on:
a) Cryptography: Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with
encryption, the conversion of information from a readable state to apparent nonsense. The

3. originatorof an encrypted message shared the decoding technique needed to recover the original
information only with intended recipients,
b) Encryption:In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding messages or information in
such a way that only authorized parties can read it. Encryption does not of itself prevent
interception,butdenies the message content to the interceptor.:374 In an encryption scheme, the
message or information, referred to as plaintext, is encrypted using an encryption algorithm,
generating ciphertext
c) Decryption:Decryptionisthe reverse process to Encryption. Frequently, the same Cipher is used
for both Encryption and Decryption. While Encryption creates a Ciphertext from a Plaintext,
Decryption creates a Plaintext from a Ciphertext. The process of decoding data that has been
encrypted into a secret format. Decryption requires a secret key or password. Decryption is the
process of converting
d) Cryptanalysis:Cryptanalysisreferstothe studyof ciphers,ciphertext,orcryptosystems(thatis,to
secret code systems) with a view to finding weaknesses in them that will permit retrieval of the
plaintextfromthe ciphertext,withoutnecessarilyknowingthe keyorthe algorithm.Thisisknown as
breaking the cipher, ciphertext, or cryptosystem.
Cryptanalysis is the study of
e) Cryptology:Cryptology is the mathematics, such as number theory, and the application of
formulas and algorithms, that underpin cryptography and cryptanalysis. Since the cryptanalysis
concepts are highly specialized and complex, we concentrate here only on some of the key
mathematical concepts behind
Q. 6. Differentiate between Single server queue and Multi-server queue
Answer: Queueingtheoryisthe mathematical study of waitinglines, or queues. In queueing theory
a model isconstructedsothat queue lengthsandwaitingtime can be predicted.Queueing theory is
generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when
makingbusinessdecisionsaboutthe resourcesneededtoprovideaservice. Queueing theory has its
origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang when
Dear students get fully solved assignments

4. Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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or
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