This document discusses the Zika virus. It provides information on the composition, history, outbreaks, transmission, symptoms, and prevention of the Zika virus. The virus is spread primarily via mosquito bites. While usually causing only mild symptoms, infection during pregnancy can lead to microcephaly in babies. Prevention focuses on avoiding mosquito bites and areas with ongoing transmission.

1. ADITYA GOGOI
CHANDOPAL
SAIKIA
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF DHRITIMAN
TALUKDAR

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 COMPOSITION OF ZIKA VIRUS
 HISTORY OF ZIKA VIRUS
 OUTBREAKS OF ZIKA VIRUS
 TRANSMISSION OF ZIKA
 THE ZIKA FEVER
 SYMPTOMS
 PREVENTION AND PROPYLATIC MEASURES
 SUMMARY

3. INTRODUCTION
 Zika virus (family Flaviviridae and the genus
Flavivirus) is spread by Aedes mosquitoes.(1947-
Uganda- forest). A mosquito bites an infected
person and then passes those viruses to other
people it bites. The infection of Zika virus known
as Zika Fever or Zika virus disease.
No Outbreaks
outside of Africa
before 2007
Robin Mckie

4. COMPOSITION OF ZIKA VIRUS
 Zika Virus is an RNA
virus. Its 3d model was
recently discovered by
Purdue Univerity (Cryo
EM) and published in
the Science magazine.
 It is enveloped and
icosahedral with a
single-stranded, positive
sense RNA genome.
Courtesy of Sci-
news.comCarb. Gr pro loops

5. 5Isolated first in 1947 from Rhesus macaque in the Zika
Forest of Uganda
1952 -The first human cases of Zika are detected in
Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania.
Since then, it has remained mainly in Africa, with small and
sporadic outbreaks in Asia. In 2007, a major epidemic was
reported on the island of Yap (Micronesia), where nearly 75% of
the population was infected.
2013-2014 - French Polynesia
May 2015 - Brazil
Since October 2015, other countries and territories of the
Americas have reported the presence of the virus
HISTORY

6. OUTBREAKS OF ZIKA

7. 7
 India has had a history of Zika virus attacks as early as in the 1950s.
 With mosquito-borne diseases such as Dengue and Malaria being
widespread in the country, India needs to work out how it will prevent a
similar outbreak of the Zika virus.
 India suffered one of the worst outbreaks of dengue in its history last
year. There were 25,000 confirmed cases, but the real figure was
reckoned to be at least 100 times higher.
INDIA AND ZIKA VIRUS

8. TRANSMISSION OF ZIKA

9. TRANSMISSION OF ZIKA
 Transmitted to people
through the bite of
an infected mosquito
from the Aedes genus.
 This is the same
mosquito that
transmits
dengue and
yellow fever.

10. TRANSMISSION FROM MOTHER TO CHILD
 Zika virus can also cross the
placenta, affecting an
unborn fetus.
 A mother already infected
with Zika virus at the time of
delivery, can pass on the
virus to her new-born but
this is rare.
 There are no evidence of it
spreading through
Breastfeeding.

11. Those infected with Zika during pregnancy appear to be
able to transmit the virus to their fetuses. In some cases,
this may lead to microcephaly, a condition that's
associated with a small head and incomplete brain
development. Babies born with microcephaly have a
limited life expectancy and poor brain function.
MICROCEPHALY

12. THROUGH INFECTED BLOOD OR SEXUAL
CONTACT
 Spread of the virus
through blood
transfusion and
sexual contact
have been
reported.

13. THE ZIKA FEVER
 In humans, the virus causes a mild illness
known as Zika fever. About 1 in 5 people
infected with Zika Virus become ill (i.e develop
Zika)
 They develop a Low-grade fever (between 37.8°C and
38.5°C). Along with the fever they may show a variety
of Symptoms.

14. SYMPTOMS
The most common
symptoms of Zika are:-
 Rash
 Joint pain
 Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
Other symptoms include:
 Muscle pain
 Headache

15. PREVENTION AND PROPHYLACTIC
MEASURE
To prevent maternal infection:-
 Avoid areas where Zika virus
transmission is ongoing .
 Avoid mosquito bites .
Mosquito-bite prevention includes:-
 Using window and door screens when
Indoors.
 Wearing Long sleeves and Pants.
 Using Permethrin treated clothing and
gear.
 Using Insect Repellents.

16. CONCLUSION
 Thus from the above discussion we have learned about Zika
Virus and its adverse effects. To avoid such circumstances
people should make every effort to eradicate mosquitoes
from their living and working
environment, and to avoid being
bitten by mosquitoes. Emptying
standing water from containers
around your house that can become
breeding grounds for mosquitoes,
wearing mosquito repellents and
long-sleeved shirts etc can stop the
spread of the disease.

17. THANK YOU
REFERENCES
 www.cdc.gov/zika/about
 www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/zika-virus-
symptoms-prevention
 www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305163.php
 www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/30/zika-
virus-health-fears
 www.sci-news.com/biology/structure-zika-virus-
03749.html
 www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/