Zelos 3.3(3)
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The document summarizes jobs and occupations in ancient Mesopotamian society. Most people were farmers growing crops and raising livestock since Mesopotamia was primarily an agricultural society. Other common jobs included scribes, healers, artisans, weavers, potters, shoemakers, fishermen, teachers, and priests or priestesses. Women enjoyed equal rights and could own property, get divorces, own businesses, and make contracts. Initially, women were the early brewers of beer and wine as well as community healers, but these jobs later shifted to men as they became more lucrative. People viewed their work not just as jobs but as contributions to their community and the gods. At the top of
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Lecture 15 age of territorial states (b)
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2. Ancient Greek traditions of city life perpetuated public roles for women as attendants, performers, sellers of food and other goods, and participants in festivals and ceremonies.
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The document provides information about ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations. It discusses how they were river civilizations along fertile lands around major rivers. It also describes the development of cities and empires in Mesopotamia and the different periods of rule in ancient Egypt. Key aspects of their societies, religions, and arts are outlined as well.
Mesopotamia POCN02F
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, was the site of the earliest civilization. Sumerian civilization arose there around 3000 BCE and was characterized by the growth of cities, specialized workers, writing in the form of cuneiform, and advanced technologies like the wheel, plow, and use of bronze. Sumerian cities were ruled by priests and kings and had complex social hierarchies. Though constantly at war, Sumerian achievements in law, literature, and science influenced later Mesopotamian civilizations like Babylon and Assyria. The Code of Hammurabi established early principles of retaliation, different treatment under the law, and government responsibility.
Applying The Eight To Sumer
The document summarizes key aspects of Sumerian civilization including their cities of Ur and Erech, centralized government led by a ruler, use of irrigation and defensive walls, and complex polytheistic religion centered around temples called ziggurats. Sumerians also developed social hierarchies, an early written language called cuneiform using wedge-shaped markings on clay tablets, and specialized jobs including scribes, merchants, artisans, and priests.
Applying The Eight To Sumer
The document summarizes key aspects of Sumerian civilization including their cities of Ur and Erech, centralized government led by a ruler, use of irrigation and defensive walls, and complex polytheistic religion centered around temples called ziggurats. Sumerians also developed social hierarchies, an early written language called cuneiform using wedge-shaped markings on clay tablets, and specialized jobs including scribes, merchants, artisans, and priests.
AP World History - Mesopotamia and Egypt
Both Egypt and Mesopotamia developed along major river valleys and depended on irrigation for agriculture. However, Egypt was more politically and culturally stable due to the predictable flooding of the Nile, while Mesopotamia's environment was harsher and less predictable due to the violent flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Mesopotamian society developed sharp social divisions and a bleak outlook, whereas Egyptian society was less stratified and had a more hopeful worldview centered around the cycles of the Nile. Overall, these civilizations exhibited both continuity and change over thousands of years.
The Middle Ages. Feudalism
Feudalism developed in Medieval Europe as a result of the lack of strong central governments after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Kings granted land to vassals in exchange for their loyalty and military service. These vassals then granted land to their own vassals, creating a hierarchy with the king at the top. Peasants lived and worked on the land but were bound to the lord, either as freemen who paid taxes or serfs owned by the lord. The feudal system organized Medieval society into estates with different rights and roles. Nobles and clergy were privileged while peasants and workers formed the non-privileged estates. Towns and trade grew, leading to the rise of craft
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamian civilizations were established due to the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture, which provided spare time for advances in religion, writing, and politics. Two major features of Mesopotamian civilization were their polytheistic religions which attempted to explain natural phenomena, and their early forms of writing like cuneiform and hieroglyphics. Studying these early advances gives insight into how civilization originally developed and how some influences continue in modern society.
Ancient Egypt, The New Kingdom
The document discusses several key pharaohs who contributed to Egypt's New Kingdom period of power and expansion. Ahmose rid Egypt of the Hyksos and established trade, expanding Egypt's borders. Amenhotep expanded further into Nubia and built a new capital. Thutmose fully established the warrior pharaoh concept and took control of Nubian resources. Hatshepsut encouraged trade instead of warfare and sent trading expeditions. Tuthmosis III organized soldiers to defeat enemies and created Egypt's largest empire. Religion greatly influenced Egyptian society and culture.
James
The document provides information on various aspects of ancient Egypt such as the importance of the Nile River, the types of plants and crops grown, social classes and roles, and notable figures like Khufu, Tutankhamen, and Hatshepsut. It discusses Khufu's role in establishing centralized authority and overseeing construction of the Great Pyramid at Giza. It also describes Hatshepsut as the first female pharaoh who gained power and organized trade expeditions, as well as the elaborate Temple at Dayr al-Bahri she had built.
The middle ages
Life in medieval Europe was difficult, with people living in isolated farming communities called manors for protection under a strict feudal system. Most people were peasants who worked the land in exchange for basic necessities from their lord. Advanced medical knowledge was lacking, and public health conditions were poor, leading to widespread disease. The Catholic Church played a dominant role through its network of parishes, monasteries, and religious rules that governed daily life.
The Middle Ages: Feudlism
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Europe lacked central governments and faced constant warfare between kingdoms. As kings had no professional armies, peasants turned to local nobles for protection in exchange for their labor and submission. This led to the development of feudalism, a social system where peasants were bound to manors and obliged to work for lords, who in turn provided military service to the king. Society was divided into estates of clergy, nobles, and workers. Feudalism dominated the political and economic organization of medieval Europe.
Unit 9: Ancient Civilizations
The document provides information on early civilizations that emerged around 5,000 years ago along major river systems such as the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia, the Nile River in Egypt, the Indus River in India, and the Yellow and Blue Rivers in China. Writing first appeared in Mesopotamia around 5,000 years ago, marking the beginning of recorded history. Early civilizations had hierarchical societies led by powerful kings. They engaged in large-scale construction projects and developed systems of writing.
Relationship between Mesopotamia and Egypt
Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia both had polytheistic religions that influenced their social and political structures. In both societies, religion justified the king/pharaoh's absolute rule and priests played an important role. They also shared beliefs in an afterlife and built pyramid-shaped structures like ziggurats and pyramids. However, Mesopotamia was composed of independent city-states while Egypt was a unified kingdom ruled by a single divine pharaoh. Social hierarchies in both placed elites like nobles, priests and craftspeople above farmers and slaves.
Essay On Feudalism
Feudalism emerged in Western Europe in the 9th-10th centuries as a political and social system that provided order and protection. Powerful lords divided their lands into fiefs granted to vassals who owed military service in exchange. This system proliferated as government control weakened, with some vassals granting subfiefs to their own vassals. Though hierarchical, feudal relationships were based on mutual obligations between free men rather than servitude.
Chapter 1 Before HistoryPre-human hominids are universally de.docx
Chapter 1: Before History
Pre-human hominids are universally deemed as the ancestors of the human race. Their occurrence is dated to be four to five million years ago, while the human race itself emerged nearly too hundred thousand years ago. Over the years, it has been keenly noted that humans share specific DNA composition with other primates. It is only a slight difference in the genetic makeup and body chemistry that makes humans have more intelligence than these other species, making them more adaptable to their environment and therefore give them a greater ability to control the natural world. This intelligence has seen the humans have greater potential for advanced and sophisticated social-cultural abilities that other species cannot measure up to. These unique and advanced abilities possessed by humans include well devised tools, technologies cooperation and communication skills.
The Paleolithic society, which is commonly known as the Old Stone Age is the longest era in the history of the human race on the planet. It is majorly characterized with hunting and gathering. It existed long before ancient agriculture emerged, and therefore it lived on looking for edible stuff from the wild life, both edible fruits and animal, hence their hunting and gathering lifestyle. Theirs was a completely liberal life, as there was nobody’s possession ever. No wealth, no private property. One very outstanding characteristic of this early man is the ability to communicate. There was a well-structured and powerful language that enabled them to communicate very important messages. For this reason, it was possible to pass information and knowledge to the next generation. The new generations would thus improve the knowledge and as it accumulated over the years, humans were able to give a good take on the various aspect of life they live. One common link between generation and creativity is the early cave paintings. This ability to communicate abstractly is the major skill that humans have banked on in realizing their present control over the natural world.
The Neolithic or the New Stone Age era proceeded the Paleolithic. It marks the transition from the hunting and gathering lifestyle of the Old Stone Age into a more civilized agricultural society. Human in this era lived in distinct communities which domesticated animals and grew crops. This is cited to have been taking place at around 9000 B.C.E. They lived together and their population grew over time. Unlike in the Old Stone Age, there was the aspect of ownership of property, hence personal wealth. The ownership of land was the major one, and it dictated the owner’s economic and political power. There were hierarchies of authority in aspects such as religion and government, a clear indication of an organized and civilized society. Just like the Old Stone Age, the New Stone Age gave interest in fertility as an important feature of their religion.
Later, within a period of four thousand years, the agricul ...
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