The document discusses material properties that are useful for different applications, including elasticity and strength for climbing ropes, strength and stiffness for carbon fiber bike forks, and toughness and plasticity for bulletproof vests. It also defines material properties such as elastic, plastic, ductile, malleable, strong, brittle, tough, smooth, durable, and stiff and provides examples of materials that exhibit each property. Finally, it discusses concepts like stress, strain, Young's modulus, energy storage, uncertainty, necking, resistance, and resistivity.
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its include testing of property of metal and alloy like tensile strength, hardness test,compression and torsion test, surface effect,impact test,fatigue test,creep test, mettalography, non-destructive test,etc.
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Motion and deformation of material under action of
Force
Temperature change
Phase change
Other external or internal agents
These changes lead us to some properties that are called Mechanical properties
Some of the Mechanical Properties
Ductility
Hardness
Impact resistance
Fracture toughness
Elasticity
Fatigue strength
Endurance limit
Creep resistance
Strength of material
Ductility: ductility is a solid material's ability to deform under tensile stress
Hardness of a material may refer to resistance to bending, scratching, abrasion or cutting.
Impact resistance is the ability of a material to withstand a high force or shock applied to it over a short period of time
Plasticity: ability of a material to deform permanently by the
Terminology for Mechanical Properties The Tensile Test: Stress-Strain Diagram...manohar3970
Terminology for Mechanical Properties
The Tensile Test: Stress-Strain Diagram
Properties Obtained from a Tensile Test
True Stress and True Strain
The Bend Test for Brittle Materials
Hardness of Materials
Strength of Materials Lecture - 2
Elastic stress and strain of materials (stress-strain diagram)
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology.
Department of Mechanical Engineering.
1. What Material Properties are Useful
• In a climbing rope?
• In a carbon fibre bike fork?
• In a bullet-proof vest?
2. What Material Properties are Useful
• In a climbing rope? Elasticity and strength
• In a carbon fibre bike fork? Strength and
stiffness
• In a bullet-proof vest? Toughness and
plasticity
3. Define the following
Key Word Definition Example
Stiff Does not easily change shape when force is applied Glass
Elastic Returns to original shape when force is removed. Copper
Plastic Remains deformed when force is removed Blu-tac
Ductile Can be readily pulled out into a thinner shape. Copper
Malleable Can be deformed under compression Copper
Strong Requires a large force to break it Steel
Brittle Easily cracks Glass
Tough Needs a large force to deform it Kevlar
Smooth Low friction surface PTFE
Properties do not deteriorate with repeated loading
Durable Bone
and unloading
6. Using the results from last lesson
• Draw a graph
• Plot a line of best fit
• Determine the gradient of the
straight line section (Young’s
Modulus)
• Work out the area under this
section. This is the energy stored
in the material.
8. Working out uncertainty 2
• Whether you are multiplying or dividing units, you will
always add the uncertainties together.
• I measure the side of a cube to be 10±0.5cm
• What is its volume if all dimensions are the same?
• What is the uncertainty with that volume?
• Now place error bars on your first and last two plots on
the graph. Assume mass has no uncertainties.
9. Necking
As the metal wire experiences plasticity, it becomes narrower
at one point.
This is called necking.
1. What happens to the stress experienced at that point in
the wire as it begins to narrow?
2. Work out the stress on a 1mm diameter section of wire
with a experiencing a force of 10N.
3. What is the stress if it narrows to 0.9mm?
10. Resistance
• Write a description of resistance in no more
than 9 words
• What is the energy transfer for resistance?
What type of energy does it convert, and into
what?
• What is the equation that relates Voltage,
Current and Resistance?
11. Resistance
• Three things determine the resistance of a
wire:
1. Length (l) - The longer the wire the more
difficult it is for current to flow
2. Area (A) – The wider the wire the easier it is
for electrons to pass along it
3. Resistivity (ρ) – This is a property of the
material
13. Build this circuit with the wire in the
place of your resistor
1. Work out the cross-sectional area of the
wire.
2. Mark five equally spaced lengths on the
wire.
3. Keep the voltage, and hence the current,
really low, no more than 1V ideally.
4. Keeping one of the crocodile clips static,
move the other along the wire to take
five readings (three repeats at each)
5. Using the V=IR equation and readings at
the ammeter and voltmeter, determine a
value for resistance.
15. Homework
• Plot resistance against length
• Work out the gradient
• Multiply the gradient by the cross-sectional
area to determine the resistivity of the wire
• Plot error bars on the first three points