You work for OneEarth, an environmental consulting company that .docx

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You work for OneEarth, an environmental consulting company that specializes in building-condition assessments, contaminated-site remediation, and energy audits. Founded by an environmentally concerned citizen in 2010, OneEarth has emerged as the highest-quality and most comprehensive environmental services company in the northern region of the United States. Recently, ardent local representative Sy Bill Wright contacted OneEarth for assistance evaluating the validity of arguments related to fracking. He agreed to meet with any interest or advocacy groups that wanted to discuss their positions to ensure that he was well-informed about the controversial topic. Now, he needs OneEarth’s help examining the arguments and the evidence they provided to ensure that he makes a sound decision. He believes that OneEarth, a highly-respected environmental firm with strong connections to the local community, could provide critical insights to his evaluation of the advocacy groups’ evidence. Aware of your previous work advising on fossil fuel management, your manager Claire DeAir has asked you to serve as a liaison to representative Wr Directions Representative Wright has provided you with all of the information he received from the advocacy or interest groups that he entertained the previous week. This information in available in his email in the Supporting Materials section. In your position paper (750–1,250 words), you will evaluate the arguments of each group, specifically examining their conclusions, premises, assumptions, and evidence. Using your analysis, representative Wright will be able to determine how to take the soundest position on the controversial topic. In your paper, include the following components: A discussion of the common conceptions and misconceptions about the topic What is the topic? What are the common conceptions and misconceptions about this topic? What is the context of the topic? Why is the topic a significant issue? What was your own opinion as a consultant prior to conducting research? An identification and description the components of the argument What is the main point or conclusion about the topic? What are the main arguments and subarguments about the topic? What are the premises (reasons for thinking the conclusion is true)? Are there any missing premises ? What are the assumptions and biases ? A recognition and evaluation of the deductive and inductive arguments If the argument is deductive (providing premises that guarantee their conclusions): Is the argument valid ? (Are the premises and the conclusions true?) What types of formal and/or informal logical fallacies are used? Is the argument sound ? If the argument is inductive (aiming to provide premises that make the conclusion more probable): Is the argument strong (more probable conclusion in light of premises) or weak (less probable conclusion i.

$You work for OneEarth, an environmental consulting company that specializes in building-condition assessments, contaminated-site remediation, and energy audits. Founded by an environmentally concerned citizen in 2010, OneEarth has emerged as the highest-quality and most comprehensive environmental services company in the northern region of the United States. Recently, ardent local representative Sy Bill Wright contacted OneEarth for assistance evaluating the validity of arguments related to fracking. He agreed to meet with any interest or advocacy groups that wanted to discuss their positions to ensure that he was well-informed about the controversial topic. Now, he needs OneEarth’s help examining the arguments and the evidence they provided to ensure that he makes a sound decision. He believes that OneEarth, a highly-respected environmental firm with strong connections to the local community, could provide critical insights to his evaluation of the advocacy groups’ evidence. Aware of your previous work advising on fossil fuel management, your manager Claire DeAir has asked you to serve as a liaison to representative Wr Directions Representative Wright has provided you with all of the information he received from the advocacy or interest groups that he entertained the previous week. This information in available in his email in the Supporting Materials section. In your position paper (750–1,250 words), you will evaluate the arguments of each group, specifically examining their conclusions, premises, assumptions, and evidence. Using your analysis, representative Wright will be able to determine how to take the soundest position on the controversial topic. In your$

paper, include the following components:
A discussion of the common conceptions and misconceptions
about the topic
What is the topic? What are the
common conceptions and misconceptions
about this topic?
What is the context of the topic?
Why is the topic a significant issue?
What was your own opinion as a consultant prior to conducting
research?
An identification and description the components of the
argument
What is the
main point or conclusion
about the topic?
What are the
main arguments and subarguments
about the topic?

What are the
premises
(reasons for thinking the conclusion is true)? Are there any
missing premises
?
What are the
assumptions
and
biases
?
A recognition and evaluation of the deductive and inductive
arguments
If the argument is
deductive
(providing premises that guarantee their conclusions):
Is the argument
valid
? (Are the premises and the conclusions true?)
What types of formal and/or informal
logical fallacies
are used?

Is the argument
sound
?
If the argument is
inductive
(aiming to provide premises that make the conclusion more
probable):
Is the argument
strong
(more probable conclusion in light of premises) or
weak
(less probable conclusion in light of the premises)?
What type of argument is used (
analogical
or
causal
?)
Is the argument
defeasible
? (Can more information defeat the verdict that the conclusion
is well-supported by the premises?)
What types of
statistical fallacies
are used?

Refer to the Supporting Materials section to explore how to
write effectively

Below I copy and pasted my directions and then the actual homework assignment for my public speaking class, I need a 70% to pass this class. Directions Think about a speech that you would like to present on a topic of your choice. You can use the same speech topic that you selected in Unit 1 or choose a new one. The speech can be for any context and any length. See the list of example speech occasions and purposes for inspiration. Download and answer each question in the the Unit 2 Touchstone Template based on the speech you are thinking of: Touchstone_2_Template.doc Consider your audience, purpose, and thesis and complete Part 1 of the template. Utilize your program resources, the internet or a local library to find three credible sources that are relevant to your speech and complete Part 2 of the template. Read through your sources to identify five pieces of evidence that support your thesis and complete Part 3 of the template. Be sure to use at least three different types of sources (example, statistic, analogy, definition, visual, story, testimony). Review the rubric to ensure that you understand how you will be evaluated. Ask a Sophia learning coach if you have any questions. Review the checklist and requirements to ensure that your Touchstone is complete. Submit your completed Unit 2 Touchstone Template on Sophia. NOTE: Units 3 and 4 both require a persuasive speech topic. If you select a persuasive topic in this unit, you will have the opportunity to build and improve on the same speech in the next two units. Touchstone Support Videos Evaluating your Sources Maintaining Relevance and Balance Speech Occasions Personal Speech at a special event (anniversary, wedding, birthday, graduation, funeral etc.) Demonstration presentation (showing how to do something) Product analysis and/or recommendation Academic Presenting academic work (paper, research, report) Present original creative work Academic speech and debate Community Speech at a community gathering (PTA meeting, boy/girl scout convention, town hall, homeowner’s association, athletic league, school board meeting, etc.) Community action speech (asking for something, promoting a policy, or communicating a community initiative, etc.) Political speech (on behalf of a candidate, yourself as candidate, etc.) Business Presenting to staff (new initiatives, pep talks, announcements, etc.) Presenting to colleagues or peers (idea sharing, status updates, brainstorming, etc.) Presenting to superiors (project proposal, project plan, project summary, etc.) Convention presentation (pitching new products, rally speech, teachable moments, etc.) Submission checklist _ I have completed all aspects of the template. _ My answers demonstrate thoughtful consideration of each question. _ I have selected sources that are credible and relevant. _ I have selected five pieces of support that are relevant to my thesis. _ I have selected three or more .

Position Paper FormatA position paper presents an argu

anhcrowley

Position Paper Format A position paper presents an arguable opinion about an issue . The goal of a position paper is to convince the audience that your opinion is valid and worth listening to. Ideas that you are considering need to be carefully examined in choosing a topic, developing your argument, and organizing your paper. It is very important to ensure that you are addressing all sides of the issue and presenting it in a manner that is easy for your audience to understand. Your job is to take one side of the argument and persuade your audience that you have well-founded knowledge of the topic being presented. It is important to support your argument with evidence to ensure the validity of your claims, as well as to address the counterclaims to show that you are well informed about both sides. Issue Criteria: To take a side on a subject, you should first establish the “arguability” of a topic that interests you. Ask yourself the following questions to ensure that you will be able to present a strong argument: Is it a real issue, with genuine controversy and uncertainty? Can you distinctly identify two positions? Are you personally interested in advocating one of these positions? Is the issue narrow enough to be manageable? Analyzing an Issue and Developing an Argument Once your topic is selected, you should do some research on the subject matter. While you may already have an opinion on your topic and an idea about which side of the argument you want to take, you need to ensure that your position is well supported. Listing out the pro and con sides of the topic will help you examine your ability to support your counterclaims, along with a list of supporting evidence for both sides. Supporting evidence includes the following: Factual Knowledge - Information that is verifiable and agreed upon by almost everyone. Statistical Inferences - Interpretation and examples of an accumulation of facts. Informed Opinion - Opinion developed through research and/or expertise of the claim. Personal Testimony - Personal experience related by a knowledgeable party. Once you have made your pro and con lists, compare the information side by side. Considering your audience, as well as your own viewpoint, choose the position you will take. In considering the audience, ask yourself the following questions: Who is your audience? What do they believe? Where do they stand on the issue? How are their interests involved? What evidence is likely to be effective with them? In determining your viewpoint, ask yourself the following: Is your topic interesting? Can you manage the material within the specifications set by the instructor? Does your topic assert something specific and propose a plan of action? Do you have enough material to support your opinion? Orga ...

Scenario Public Response Research.docx

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Essay 1 ThesisOutline Instructions and ChecklistProposal .docx

russelldayna

Essay 1 Thesis/Outline Instructions and Checklist Proposal Argument Topic: The Opioid Crisis in America Watch the YouTube video for an overview of the problem: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHlaz0kQlRE Thesis Statement/Outline Assignment You must develop an outline for the 1,000-1,200 word proposal argument essay in APA format that you will write. Your outline should include a clear thesis statement and plan of support. Be sure to consider all essay parts identified in “The Elements of Argument (Planning A Proposal Argument)” in the textbook readings, and include at least the minimum requirements listed in the chart below for this week’s assignment. The research sources for this essay have been provided for you in Blackboard (I will give you login information). Any additional sources that you may choose to use must be credible academic sources. You must integrate a total of 4 quotations, summaries and/or paraphrases from 3 credible sources to support your thesis statement and provide opposing arguments. Proposal Argument Prompt Write a proposal argument in which you address the question, “What needs to be done to address the opiod crisis in the United States?” Part 1 Included below is the minimum that you must include in your thesis/outline; however, taking the time to construct a complete and thorough outline will help you save time when you write your actual essay. (Minimum) Outline Requirements Successful Needs Revision 1. Thesis statement: Clearly states your debatable proposal argument that includes a feasible solution for the problem 2. Evidence: Presents points that support the thesis based on the principle (In your outline, include at least the minimum number of required paraphrases, summaries, and/or quotes from outside sources as indicated in assignment instructions.) 3. Opposing argument(s): Presents viewpoints opposing your thesis argument giving special consideration to opposition of the ethical principle. (Including the strongest opposition to refute helps build your credibility and convinces your audience to consider or adopt your position.) 4. Documentation Requirements for Outline (Include minimum number of sources required for this assignment.): If using current APA format, include properly formatted parenthetical intext citations and a References page. Page 1 of 2 Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Managing and Using Information Systems A STRATEGIC APPROACH Sixth Edition Keri E. Pearlson KP Partners Carol S. Saunders W.A. Franke College of Business Northern Arizona University Dr. Theo and Friedl Schoeller Research Center for Business and Society Dennis F. Galletta Katz Graduate School of Business University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. VICE PRESIDENT & DIRECTOR George Hoffman EXECUTIVE EDITOR Lise Johnson DEVELOPMENT EDITOR Jennifer Manias ASSOCIA.

Biotechnology Ethics Slideshow Formatting and Grading CriteriaMary Beth Smith

Q4-EAPP.pptx

ericjordanmanuevo

Ethics Slideshow Format and Grading

Mary Beth Smith

Main Post Discussion B Ethical Challenges Related to Record Keeping/Report A professional counselor uses record keep for a number of different reasons, when treating clients. Their primary purpose of keeping records is to assist in providing clients best possible counseling service (Remly & Herlihy, 2014). Record keeping helps counselors to refresh their memory prior to their sessions. Record keeping is not only beneficial to the counselor but the client as well, it helps to measure their progress and change during their sessions. There are also some ethical challenges or dilemmas related to record keeping and reporting in which records are subpoenaed by a judge or any legal representative requests records of a client. ACA code of ethics in section B.4.e. and Section B.4.c. Standard B4.e. requires counselors to obtain written permission from clients to disclose or transfer records to legitimate third parties unless exceptions to confidentiality exist (ACA, 2014). This is an ethical challenge when a counselor is subpoenaed for record legally even if a client has not signed off on it. Standard B.4.c addresses the issue of informed consent (ACA, 2014). This has became an ethical challenge in the legal system when it comes to electronically recording or observing a session. Addresses The Challenges In Remly and Herlihy (2014) textbook they recommend a counselor to always consult with their own attorneys before turning over records or appearing at a deposition hearing, or trail in response to a subpoena. Although a subpoena is a legal court order, counselors have to be mindful of what information to turn over. Many attorneys will accept summaries of notes or any other compromises (Remly & Herlihy, 2014), When counselors turn over records to legitimate third parties written document is always best, the Standard of Practice (SP-15) requires a clients consent to disclose information but does not have to be written. Writing consent shows evidence confidently is not broken if a client or other parties denies the consent. References American Counseling Association (ACA). (2014). 2014 ACA code of ethics [White Paper]. Retrieved from http://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/2014-aca-code-of-ethics.pdf?sfvrsn=4. Remley, T. P., Jr., & Herlihy, B. (2014). Ethical, legal, and professional issues in counseling (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. PAGE 6 Insert your header here by using “Insert” then “Header” then “Edit” PUT IT ALL IN CAPS Running head: INSERT HERE 1 This is the Title of My Ethical Autobiography My Name Course Name Walden University Abstract Put 50 to 100 word abstract here. An abstract is a short overview of what the paper will address. Repeat Your Title Here You will begin your Ethical Autobiography with an introduction. Do not type the word “Introduction.” The following outline is for reference only. You will not include the numbers or letters of your main points, but will follow standar ...

Argument pp 1Patrick Farnsworth

Senior High School Reading and Writing SKills

queenpressman14

NISO Webinar: The Practicality of Managing E, Part 1: Licensing

National Information Standards Organization (NISO)

About the Webinar In Part 1 of this two-part webinar, speakers will address a variety of licensing issues. A key component to the discussion will be a focus on the critical pieces of a license, including privacy, accessibility, preservation, migration, and the negotiation process between a library and a vendor. For the second half of this two-part series, speakers will focus on staffing issues at different types of libraries and how staff manages integration of e-resources into workflows, as well as a discussion about whether or not to execute a reorganization. Preparing your organization to negotiate license agreements Tracy L. Thompson, Executive Director, NELLCO Law Library Consortium Licenses and Reuse: What Does it Mean for Authors? Stacy V. Sieck, Library Communications Manager, Americas Region, Taylor & Francis Group A Relatively Short Guide to License Agreements Abbie Brown, Head, Consortial Services, Library Systems, University of Missouri University Libraries

RequirementsAll writing must be appropriate for an academi.docx

heunice

Requirements All writing must be appropriate for an academic context Follow academic writing conventions (correct grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting) Composition must be original and written for this assignment; plagiarism of any kind is strictly prohibited Use a readable 11- or 12-point font Submission should include your name and the date Submit a single file only, including the answers to all questions Acceptable file formats include .doc, .docx, and .pdf PART 1: TOPIC : “How to maintain your hair at home during this pandemic” Purpose What are you hoping to achieve with this speech? To help my clients to be able to maintain their hair properly Audience Who will be in your audience? What do you know about them? My clients, I know most of them aren’t hair care savvy because they’re so use to coming to the salon. Thesis What is the key message of your speech? PART 2: SOURCES: SOURCE 1 Source Title Author(s) Name Retrieved from Where did you get this source? Include location, book, periodical, url, etc. Age How recent is the data or information presented in your source? When was the source published? If the source is a website, when was the website last updated? Depth What does the source cover? How well-researched and detailed is the source? How much depth is the topic covered in? How is this content and level of detail relevant to your purpose, audience, and message? Author How is the author qualified to speak on the topic? What is the author's purpose? What biases might they have? Is the information the author's opinion alone or is it supported by cited facts? Money Who funds the website or publication? Are there items endorsed or for sale? If so, what items? What is the reputation of the website or publication? SOURCE 2 Source Title Author(s) Name Retrieved from Where did you get this source? Include location, book, periodical, url, etc. Age How recent is the data or information presented in your source? When was the source published? If the source is a website, when was the website last updated? Depth What does the source cover? How well-researched and detailed is the source? How much depth is the topic covered in? How is this content and level of detail relevant to your purpose, audience, and message? Author How is the author qualified to speak on the topic? What is the author's purpose? What biases might they have? Is the information the author's opinion alone or is it supported by cited facts? Money Who funds the website or publication? Are there items endorsed or for sale? If so, what items? What is the reputation of the website or publication? SOURCE 3 Source Title Author(s) Name Retrieved from Where did you get this source? Include location, book, periodical, url, etc. Age How recent is the data or information presented in your source? When was the source published? If the source is a website, when was the website last updated? Depth Wh.

If you have an existing on your how.docx

write30

Your first major essay assignment of this semester involves resp.docx

odiliagilby

Your first major essay assignment of this semester involves responding to and taking a position on an idea that Robin DiAngelo presents in her book, White Fragility: Why It’s So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism-Robin DiAngelo. Your essay must be 5 double-spaced pages and should specifically address the topic discussed below. Carefully examine Chapters 1-12 in White Fragility: Why It’s So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism and prepare yourself to use information from those chapters to help you support and clarify your own points and ideas. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ESSAY TOPIC: In White Fragility: Why It’s So Hard for White People to Talk About Race, author Robin DiAngelo purports that “though white is triggered by discomfort and anxiety, it is born of superiority and entitlement. White fragility is not weakness per se. In fact, it is a powerful means of white racial control and the protection of white advantage” (2). Show through quotes, analysis, and the use of other sources how emotions of whites are heightened when the question of systemic racism is initiated in conversation. Discuss why most white folks indulge “anger, fear, and guilt and behaviors such as argumentation, silence, and withdrawal from the stress-inducing situation” (DiAngelo, 3) and how these reactions provide racial safe comfort zones that enables them to maintain dominance with in a racial hierarchical framework. Draw upon historic evidence to support your claims. Carefully consider some of the covert and overt strategies used to create distance from people of color; while paying laser attention to a systemic justification of maintaining “white equilibrium” as it aids their protection to avoid the realities of their privileged positionality. In your essay of 5 pages, discuss whether or not you support DiAngelo’s position and her insights regarding the ( 1 ) resentment and disinterest in whites learning more about the complex racial and social dynamics that impact people of color. Remember to do the following in your essay: 1) state your own position in your thesis statement; and 2) support your thesis by discussing specific points that addresses Diangelo’s main argument. All in all, your essay will include a combination of your own ideas, analysis, observations, examples and details as they relate to the main points that DiAngelo conveys. USE the references listed below. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Your final draft will be graded on the following: 1) an insightful thesis statement that clearly reveals your response to and position on Robin DiAngelo’s main argument 2) accurate use of information (examples, details/specifics, quotes, etc.) from Chapters 1-12 in Robin DiAngelo’s book, White Fragility: Why It’s So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism to support your opinions/ideas 3) thoughtful, sophisticated analysis and discussion of the details you’ve included from Robin DiAngelo’s book (Show your own insight a ...

English 101Fall 2018Paper 4Dr. Andrew J. KunkaProblemSo.docx

khanpaulita

English 101 Fall 2018 Paper 4 Dr. Andrew J. Kunka Problem/ Solution Paper For the final paper, you will need to research a specific problem or issue that is connected to the topics of internet culture and technology and offer a solution or solutions to that problem. Your research for this assignment will need to be extensive; therefore, general information sites like Wikipedia should be the beginning point and not the endpoint for your research. You will need a minimum of four credible sources for this paper. One of the goals of this paper is to demonstrate your ability to gather information from credible sources, incorporate it correctly and effectively into your writing, and cite it properly. Your paper will explain the problem in detail, describing its history, offering examples, and stating its significance to the reader. The solution you offer should be reasonable, manageable, and logical. You should also address all sides of the topic and alternative solutions in your paper, so using credible, balanced sources will be important. What makes a source credible? First, it is usually any source that has gone through some kind of editorial process. So, if the source is a blog, article, or page tied to a well-known news or information source (CNN, Wired, ABC News, New York Times, etc.), then you can consider the source credible. Other sources may require some further investigation in order to determine their credibility. Below is a list of topics that could serve as the focus for your paper. You are not limited to this list, but if you have a topic that you wish to write about, you should consult with me before beginning research. There are a variety of problems within each of these general topics, so make sure you focus your discussion on a specific problem. PrivacyThe Filter BubbleIntellectual Property/CopyrightPiracy Information LiteracyFacebook’s TimelineAdvertisingRussian Election Hacking Social Media’s Role in Politics and the NewsPublic ShamingChildren and Technology Working Conditions in Overseas Factories that Produce Current TechnologySpam MemesCelebrity CultureThe Shift from Old Media to New Media Digital Immigrants vs. Digital NativesSurveillanceSexual HarassmentTrolling Internet AddictionDoxing Wikileaks Here are some questions to consider for your paper: 1) When did the problem start? How long has it been occurring? 2) Who or what is the source of the problem? 3) Who has a stake in the problem and solution you are arguing about? Who does it affect? 4) Who is best suited to enact your solution? 5) What are some specific examples of the problem? 6) What solutions have been tried or proposed before? Did they work or fail? Why? 7) Has your solution been tried or been proposed before? 8) What are the costs of your solution? 9) Does your solution have a reasonable chance of success? (Note that your solution does not have to be 100% guaranteed, but just reasonable.) These questions are meant to help you brainstorm and research your.

Discussion Instructions· Due 114· Please make sure ALL quest.docx

madlynplamondon

Discussion Instructions: · Due 1/14 · Please make sure ALL questions are answered · Minimum of 2 scholarly sources cited for EACH discussion unless stated in the initial post instructions. Please include a link to EACH scholarly source(s) in your references. · APA format for in-text citations and list of references Discussion 2: Context, Meaning, and Value Initial Post Instructions Select one of the following options to research for this discussion: · Option 1: Google <California Washington mural>. You will find numerous reports concerning a California school district that voted to paint over a mural in the high school. The Life of Washington was painted by Depression-era artist Victor Arnautoff. · Option 2: Google <Indiana University Thomas Hart Benton mural>. You will find numerous articles on the controversy surround a panel from Benton's A Social History of Indiana (1933) murals. · Option 3: Conduct research on a mural or statue or monument in your town that is the subject of controversy. Before you read the news articles, try to look at the artworks through an image search in Google. Then, read the news articles to see the different viewpoints about the murals. For the initial post, address at least four (4) of the following questions for the option you selected: · What do you think should be done with the artwork (e.g., painted over, covered, destroyed, left as is in plain view, etc.)? Why? · Should the context in which the artwork was created (the Great Depression of the 1930s in the case of the Benton and Arnautoff murals) have an impact on the decision of what to do with the artwork? · Should the context in which people now view the artwork have an impact on the decision of what to do with it? · What message do you think the artwork conveys? · Do you think there is ambiguity in the message? · Do you think the message is vague? · Does the artistic value of the artwork require that it be saved regardless of message? · Does the historic value of the artwork require that it be saved regardless of message? · Do you think the message of the artwork is sufficiently important that the message alone requires that it be saved? · Do you think the artists were biased or prejudiced? If yes, explain specifics about the artwork that support your opinion. Do you think viewers might be bringing bias or prejudice to their opinions? Are you? Discussion 3: Evaluating Sources Introduction "Everyone is entitled to their own opinions – but not their own facts." (Daniel Patrick Moynihan, cited in Vanity Fair, 2010, para. 2) We form opinions – and make our judgments – based on facts we observe and values we hold. Our judgments are also influenced by the opinions of others. In the section "An Expert on Hate in America" in Chapter 6, one of the authors, Dr. Peter Facione, renders an opinion on a non-profit civil rights organization: Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). Dr. Facione is a leading advocate and one of the most influential voices in the field of cr ...

Case Study 10.1 Introduction to the Case Study Introduction to.docx

tidwellveronique

Case Study / 10.1 Introduction to the Case Study Introduction to the Case Study This last chapter is different from the others. Instead of introducing a new area of critical thinking, it is a capstone activity in which you will apply the skills you've learned to one contemporary, controversial issue. The topic for this case study is global climate change. Because it is beyond the scope of this course to thoroughly evaluate a complex scientific topic, you will not be expected to form a position or offer your opinion on this topic. Rather, the material in this chapter is presented for you to practice evaluating arguments, identifying fallacies, and questioning sources—with the hope that you will continue to apply these skills whenever you encounter material aimed to persuade. This chapter won't present any new exposition. Instead, we provide some relevant review notes that have been excerpted from the earlier chapters. You can consult these notes if you need a refresher as you work through the final videos, articles, and questions in the course. REVIEW NOTES Arguments To say that something is true is to make a claim. But to give reasons to believe that it is true is to make an argument. Thus all arguments consist of at least two parts: 1. premise – one or more reasons to support the claim 2. conclusion – the claim being supported Common Fallacies Fallacy:a type of flawed reasoning 1. Begging the question: fallacy where the argument relies on a premise that resembles the conclusion, depends on the conclusion, or is as controversial as the conclusion. 2. Appeal to popularity: fallacy where the arguer attempts to bolster his or her argument by mentioning that "everybody" (or a large group of people) shares the same belief, preference, or habit. 3. Post hoc ergo propter hoc: fallacy where the arguer assumes that because there is a correlation between two events (i.e., one preceded the other), then the first must have caused the second. The phrase is Latin for "after this, therefore because of this." 4. Appeal to ignorance: fallacy where the arguer claims that because something cannot be proven false, it must be true unless the opponent can disprove the conclusion. 5. Appeal to emotion: fallacy where the arguer tries to persuade the audience by arousing feelings such as pity, fear, patriotism, flattery, etc. in lieu of presenting rational arguments. 6. Unqualified authority: fallacy where the arguer tries to get people to agree by appealing to the reputation of someone who is not an expert in the field or otherwise qualified to prove that something is true. 7. Ad hominem: fallacy where the arguer attacks his or her opponent's personal characteristics, qualifications, or circumstances instead of the argument presented. The phrase is Latin for "to the man." 8. False dichotomy: fallacy where the arguer inaccurately portrays a circumstance as having a limited number of possible outcomes, thus setting up an either-or situation with the intent of prese ...

Read each of the posts bellow A, B and C and respond to each with .docx

catheryncouper

Read each of the posts bellow A, B and C and respond to each with 100 words.1 reference each DISCUSSION A 100 words 1 reference Class, might the same method be used effectively to create a policy decision for the public-sector as in the private-sector? DISCUSSION B 100 words 1 reference Policy analysts are often faced with multiple advocacy choices when developing a policy recommendation. These choices are known as advocative claims. What are the characteristics of an advocative claim? Advocative claims have four different main characteristics that are actionable, prospective, value laden, and ethically complex (Dunn, 2008). The claims below are described by Dunn as: · Actionable.Advocative claims focus on actions that may be taken to resolve a policy problem. Although advocative claims require prior information about what will occur and what is valuable, they go beyond questions of "fact" and "value" and include arguments about what should be done to solve a problem (Dunn, 2008). · Prospective.Advocative claims are prospective, because they occur prior to the time that actions are taken (ex ante). While policy-analytic procedures of monitoring and evaluation are retrospective, because they are applied after actions are taken (ex post), forecasting and recommendation are both applied prospectively (ex ante) (Dunn, 2008). · Value laden.Advocative claims depend as much on "facts" as they do on "values." To claim that a particular policy alternative should be adopted requires not only that the action being recommended will have the predicted consequences; it also requires that the predicted consequences are valued by individuals, groups, or society as a whole (Dunn, 2008). · Ethically complex.The values underlying advocative claims are ethically complex. A given value (e.g., health) may be regarded as both intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic values are those that are valued as ends in themselves; extrinsic values are those that are valued because they will produce some other value. Health may be regarded as an end in itself and as a condition necessary for the attainment of other values, including security, freedom, and self-actualization. Similarly, democratic participation may be valued as an end in itself (intrinsic value) and a means to political stability (extrinsic value) (Dunn, 2008). Each claim focuses on some sort of action or value that is perceived or occurred. The claims further describe the different choices that may occur when further developing policy recommendation. What methods of advocative claims affect a public policy recommendation? Public choice and the multiple legitimate stakeholders is one of the methods that affect public policy recommendations that I see more than others. With the numerous people that feel that their stake in the policy is the most important can cause the policy to be skewed towards whom benefits the most from the policy (Dunn, 2008). This can be problematic when it pertains to safety and people's fr ...

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AixingMontefalcon

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sagebennet

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aracelividal

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Writing-a-position-paper-and-defending-a-stance-on-an-issue.pptx

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