You live in Omaha- and you are a secret agent- You need to send a thre.docx
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You live in Omaha, and you are a secret agent. You need to send a three page letter to another secret agent in Blair. You decide to send each page separately because of the highly secret nature of the message. And, you decide to encrypt the message. You send the three pages as registered mail, which requires receipts from the recipient. Describe any similarities between each OSI layer and the secret letter being sent to your fellow agent. A hint for several of the layers: Think about the address on an envelope. What part(s) are similar to the idea of a data frame? What parts are similar to the idea of an IP address? Solution The seven OSI layers are defines as follows (Feig)1 : 7. Application: Provides different services to the application 6. Presentation: Converts the information 5. Session: Handles problems which are not communication issues 4. Transport: Provides end to end communication control 3. Network: Routes the information in the network 2. Data Link: Provides error control 1. Physical: Connects the entity to the transmission media Using above layers comparing each of them with secret letter being sent to our fellow agent. .
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This document contains a student's assignment responses summarizing key aspects of data communication and the internet model. The student lists the layers of the internet model and describes the network support layers and user support layer. They explain peer-to-peer processes, how information passes between layers, and the purpose of headers and trailers. Responsibilities of various layers are provided, including differences between addresses. Correlations between OSI and internet layers are drawn.
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1. Answer the following questions about OSI modela.At which layer.pdf
1. Answer the following questions about OSI model:
a.At which layer of the OSI reference model, routers operate?
b. At which level of the OSI model, bits are packaged into frames?
c. List the layers of the OSI model from top to down.
d. Mark those from the following list that operate at the presentation layer?
i.MIDI
ii.FTP
iii.SMTP
iv.TFTP
v.JPEG
e. List the two protocols at the Transport Layer.
f. What is the difference between logical and physical address? Do your research (do not copy
your answer). Which type of address is used in the network layer of the OSI model?
g. Which OSI layer implements IP?
2. Answer the following questions about Router:
a. What is a router?
b. How many types are routers are available to use? Name them.
c. Explain how a router works?
d. How many interfaces can be assigned to a router?
3. Describe the components of address classes A~E of TCP/IP addresses. Also explain
mathematically how many maximum network and hosts per network can be addressed by these
classes.
4. Answer the following questions:
a. what is the difference between IP address and MAC address?
b. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6? Why IPv6 was introduced? Show an example
of each and explain how they are represented mathematically.
Solution
1) a) At what level of OSI the routers operates : The routers operates at the third layer of the
model which is Network Control Layer, where a router examines the packets\' data structure and
determine whether to forward or not.
b) At which level of the OSI model, bits are packaged into frames : Bits are packaged into
frames at data link layer, which setups the links accross the physicsl network.
c) Layers of OSI model : The seven layers of OSI are Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network
Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, Application Layer.
Application Layer : At this layer communication partners are identified where we see some one
to talk to.
Presentation Layer : This is basically part of Operation System where incoming and outgoing
data are changed from one format to another.
Session Layer: This layer basically handles session and conversations/communications where
services include authentication and reconnecting service after interruption.
Transport Layer : This layer manages packetiztion of data, delievery of those packets, checking
for error.
Network Layer : This part is responsible for handling addressing and routing of packets.
Data Link Layer : This setup links between physical networks putting packets into frames.
Physical Layer : This layer communicates, conveys bit stream through network.
d) The protocols that work on transport layer are UDP(User DataGram Protocol),
TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
e) Logical Address : In terms of memory logical address is the location where an item resides
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Physical Address : Its the actual address or location residing in memory which is defined in
binary form.
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1. Answer the following questions about OSI modela.At which layer.pdf
1. Answer the following questions about OSI model:
a.At which layer of the OSI reference model, routers operate?
b. At which level of the OSI model, bits are packaged into frames?
c. List the layers of the OSI model from top to down.
d. Mark those from the following list that operate at the presentation layer?
i.MIDI
ii.FTP
iii.SMTP
iv.TFTP
v.JPEG
e. List the two protocols at the Transport Layer.
f. What is the difference between logical and physical address? Do your research (do not copy
your answer). Which type of address is used in the network layer of the OSI model?
g. Which OSI layer implements IP?
2. Answer the following questions about Router:
a. What is a router?
b. How many types are routers are available to use? Name them.
c. Explain how a router works?
d. How many interfaces can be assigned to a router?
3. Describe the components of address classes A~E of TCP/IP addresses. Also explain
mathematically how many maximum network and hosts per network can be addressed by these
classes.
4. Answer the following questions:
a. what is the difference between IP address and MAC address?
b. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6? Why IPv6 was introduced? Show an example
of each and explain how they are represented mathematically.
Solution
1) a) At what level of OSI the routers operates : The routers operates at the third layer of the
model which is Network Control Layer, where a router examines the packets\' data structure and
determine whether to forward or not.
b) At which level of the OSI model, bits are packaged into frames : Bits are packaged into
frames at data link layer, which setups the links accross the physicsl network.
c) Layers of OSI model : The seven layers of OSI are Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, Network
Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, Application Layer.
Application Layer : At this layer communication partners are identified where we see some one
to talk to.
Presentation Layer : This is basically part of Operation System where incoming and outgoing
data are changed from one format to another.
Session Layer: This layer basically handles session and conversations/communications where
services include authentication and reconnecting service after interruption.
Transport Layer : This layer manages packetiztion of data, delievery of those packets, checking
for error.
Network Layer : This part is responsible for handling addressing and routing of packets.
Data Link Layer : This setup links between physical networks putting packets into frames.
Physical Layer : This layer communicates, conveys bit stream through network.
d) The protocols that work on transport layer are UDP(User DataGram Protocol),
TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
e) Logical Address : In terms of memory logical address is the location where an item resides
with the perspective of executing program.
Physical Address : Its the actual address or location residing in memory which is defined in
binary form.
g) The Network Layer impleme.
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References
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Comparison Between TCP/IP and OSI Model
. Retrieved from https://afrozahmad.com/blog/tcp-ip-vs-osi-model-differences-and-similarities/
What is the TCP/IP Model? Layers and Protocols Explained
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Transport Layer โ gateways, firewalls,
Application Layer โ PCโs, smartphones, servers
The TCP/IP Protocol suite was developed in the 1960โs and recognized ย throughout the world after 1983. As for the OSI reference model it was ย also recognized throughout the world in 1983. Some key similarities ย between the TCP/IP and OSI Model is that they describe how data is ย transmitted between devices on a network. Both models also divide the ย networking concepts into layers. The ideas about how data is broken down ย into smaller pieces and passed from layer to layer is the same as well. ย Another similarity is that these models are used to troubleshoot ย various networking problems. Both are modular and each layer represents a ย separate set of functions and protocols. Some of the ley differences ย between the two would be that the OSI model is a more elaborated model ย where each layer has separate functionality. Unlike the TCP IP model, it ย does not combine any layers. The OSI has 7 layers, and the TCP IP has 4 ย layers. The TCP/IP model is more geared towards networking hardware and ย software used on the internet as to the OSI models is more general and ย can be applied to any type of network.
References
Ahmad, A. (2022, May 9).
Comparison Between TCP/IP and OSI Model
. Retrieved from https://afrozahmad.com/blog/tcp-ip-vs-osi-model-differences-and-similarities/
What is the TCP/IP Model? Layers and Protocols Explained
. ย (2020, November 3). Retrieved from FreeCodeCamp: ย https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/what-is-tcp-ip-layers-and-protocols-explained/
.
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ุตุญู ุงููุฑุงุกุงุช ุงูุนุดุฑ ุฃุนุฏ ุฃุญุฑู ุงูุฎูุงู ุณู
ูุฑ ุจุณูููู.pdf
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ุตุญู ุงููุฑุงุกุงุช ุงูุนุดุฑ ุฃุนุฏ ุฃุญุฑู ุงูุฎูุงู ุณู
ูุฑ ุจุณูููู.pdf
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You live in Omaha- and you are a secret agent- You need to send a thre.docx
- 1. You live in Omaha, and you are a secret agent. You need to send a three page letter to another secret agent in Blair. You decide to send each page separately because of the highly secret nature of the message. And, you decide to encrypt the message. You send the three pages as registered mail, which requires receipts from the recipient. Describe any similarities between each OSI layer and the secret letter being sent to your fellow agent. A hint for several of the layers: Think about the address on an envelope. What part(s) are similar to the idea of a data frame? What parts are similar to the idea of an IP address? Solution The seven OSI layers are defines as follows (Feig)1 : 7. Application: Provides different services to the application 6. Presentation: Converts the information 5. Session: Handles problems which are not communication issues 4. Transport: Provides end to end communication control 3. Network: Routes the information in the network 2. Data Link: Provides error control 1. Physical: Connects the entity to the transmission media Using above layers comparing each of them with secret letter being sent to our fellow agent.