All techniques that need to be understood by Year 10, 11, 12 students (VCE). A short three word definition of the word, then an example, then the effect this has on the reader.

1. Each Technique reduced to 3 simple clear words.

2.  Repetition of Sounds
 Evidence: “Jared Jokes about Jews”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 Draws attention to the point. Makes the
reader more attentive to the words used.
Nice to read / listen to.

3.  Personal, emotional, story
 Evidence: “Recently my neighbour
experiences this problem first hand”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 It encourages the reader to show emotion
and see the topic as more related to them.

4.  Words from expert
 Evidence: Professor John Matthews said “it’s
true, trust me, I’m a professor”
The effect this has on the reader:
 It must be true because a respected person
also says the same thing.

5.  Pressures practical point
 Example: “They are not to blame for the
accident, everyone knows it’s the driver of the
car”
The effect this has on the reader: Makes a
complex argument seem simple and easy
to decide on.

6.  Traditional family, pls
 Evidence: “The Australian dream, giving
three kids, a wife, a dog and a house of your
own.”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 Makes the text appeal to people who have a
family, or who are parents.

7.  Be scared & Fearful
 Example: “Imagine your dad exploding”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 Intends to make them scared, fearful and
therefore easy to convince

8.  Saving money = good
 Evidence: “ Imagine how much money you would save
if you stopped driving your car”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 Either tries to make the reader angry at being charged
money for something
 OR
 Positions the reader to support an opinion because of
their desire to save money, or to not see money
wasted.

9.  Change is bad
 Evidence: “Elders have been complaining about
young generations for years, and look what the
result of it is a decayed society!”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 Makes a person feel comfortable about doing
the same old things.

10.  Love your Country
 Example: “Aussies rule the world”
The effect this has on the reader: Positions the reader
To agree with actions that benefit the nation as a whole

11.  Crime = time = fair
 Evidence: “ The death penalty is the ultimate
form of cruelty, it’s a violation of fundamental
human rights, its not a right or just thing to do.”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 Making things sound fair will catch the readers
eyes by making sure that something's in it for
everyone.

12.  Your perfect / Revolting
 Evidence: “Mr Kolber is amazing” OR “Mr Kolber
is the most massive idiot yet born”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 The reader can clearly tell who the ‘goodies’ are,
and who the ‘baddies’ are.

13.  Cheesy, overused phrase
 Evidence: “We brought our A game”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 The phrase is familiar, so the reader feels safe
and familiar with the writers expresssion.

14.  Swearing, exaggeration, connotations
 Example: “The brutal beheading of people”
The effect this has on the reader: Evokes a sentiment
or opinion

15.  Emotional, implied baggage
 Example: “The Australian dollar slumped to a
new low last night due to increasing
nervousness about Europe’s economic woes
The effect this has on the reader: Works up the readers
And makes them feel emotional about it.

16.  Feels bad / good
 Evidence: “Come on, you don’t want to be sad
your whole life, don’t you want to be happy?”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 To make them feel the way you want them to
feel when they read your essay.

17.  Hard facts, figures
 Evidence: “ 50% of this class is in VCAL”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 Makes the argument seem objective and
reliable

18.  OTT (Over The Top)
 Overreacts, dramatic, emotional
 Evidence: “The spurs are the best team ever,
they are so fit, young and beautiful. They are so
good and full of skill, such an amazing team”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 Is very over the top, so the reader either finds
this funny or believable

19.  Everyone thinks same
 Evidence: “All of Tony Abbott’s supporters are
biased, bigoted racists who don’t deserve your
vote.”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 Makes the reader think a group or type of person
are all the same, or share the same opinion.

20. Students in VCAL
Simple, readable, Facts
Everyone not here
10B
10K
10N
The effect this has on the reader:
Simplifies and makes the
information
Readable and easy to understand

21.  Includes reader together
 Example:
 “Finally, the research to back up what we all
know’, that the cost of parking in this city is
painful”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 It is meant to include the reader into the article
and make them feel involved.

22.  Meaning is opposite
 Sarcastic opposition people
 Evidence: “ Is Jared dumb, Nahhh”
 The effect this has on the reader: It gives the
reason some enthusiasm, fun, laughter

23.  This like that
 Comparing x = y
 Example: “Coburg is a melting pot”
The effect this has on the reader: Gives a
Comparison between two things and makes
The reader more interested.

24.  Play on words
 Evidence: “ Being a vegetarian is a missed
steak”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 Makes them laugh, or be impressed by the
writers word play.

25.  Sensible, logical, superior
 X = X = logic
 Evidence: “If the spurs beat the heat, the heat
suck”
 The effect this has on the reader:
 Makes complex things simple, by saying if
_____ is this, then _____ is true.

26.  Repetition of word
 Repeating, Repeating, Repeating
 Example: Blah, Blah, Blah
 The effect this has on the reader:
 Makes the text easier to read and remember,
emphasises certain words and points of view.

27.  Don’t answer = rhetorical
 Implied but unstated
 No thinking needed
 Evidence: “ Do you want your children to grow
up and become alcoholic druggies?”
 The effect this has on the reader: Draws
attention to the reader by forcing the reader to
then agree with the statement being put
forward.

28.  These informative slides were provided by
10N – Circa 2014 (Class of 2016)
The effect this has on the reader:
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