Ionizing radiation can cause biological effects depending on several factors: 1) The dose and rate of exposure, with higher doses causing more harm. Acute high doses can cause both stochastic (random) and non-stochastic (predictable) effects while chronic low doses primarily cause stochastic effects like cancer. 2) The exposed body parts, with some like skin being more resistant than others internally. 3) Individual differences in age and genetics, as older individuals and those with genetic predispositions are generally more susceptible to radiation's effects. 4) Whether the exposure is acute from a single high dose or chronic from continuous low doses over time, with acute exposure risking both stochastic and non-

1. Biological Effects
of X-Ray
Dangers of Ionizing Radiation

2. Introduction
Radiation is not always bad, It’s all around us
(Light, Radio Waves)

3. Introduction
• The body is resilient against everyday radiation.
• The cells can recover from low level radiations that comes from the
sun, soil and rocks.
• The human body can withstand a total of 20-50 mSv/year

4. Radiation
Effects
01
Ionization Can Cause Harmful Biological Effects.

5. Dose/Rate Exposed Parts
Age Biological differences
01 02
Some parts of the body is
more resistant than others.
03
The older the body gets the
weaker it can be.
04
Not everyone’s the same.
Causes
The size of the radiation that
the body is exposed to as well
as the rate.

6. Biological
Effect Types
02
Some are more Dangerous than others.

7. Types
Occur when a large amount
of exposure is received in a
short span of time, and the
effects could be seen within
hours or days.
Occur randomly and are
typically associated with
long-term exposure to low
levels of radiation.
Stochastic Effects Non-Stochastic

8. Stochastic Ex.
• Cancer: leukemia and solid tumors such
as breast, lung, and thyroid cancer.
• Genetic mutations: mutations in DNA,
which can be passed down to future
generations. It can increase the risk of
genetic disorders and birth defects.
• Hormonal imbalances: disruption to the
normal functioning of the endocrine
system, Which can lead to thyroid
disorders and reproductive problems.

9. Non-Stochastic Ex.
• Erythema: It typically appears as a reddening of
the skin within a few hours of exposure and can
last for several days.
• Skin and tissue burns: These burns can be
painful and can take a long time to heal.
• Radiation sickness: occurs when the whole
body is exposed and causes nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, fever, and fatigue.

10. Exposure
Types
03
Both Operator and Patient are at Risk.

11. Acute Chronic
Types of Exposure
A single exposure to a high dose of
radiation during a short period of time.
Can cause both stochastic and non-
stochastic effects.
Depend on the dose and the part of the
body exposed.
Also known as continuous
exposure, small amount of
exposure is given for long
term.
It can cause stochastic
effect.

12. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and
includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
Do you have any questions?
Thanks!
Name Sec. Bn.
Ahmed Gamal Abbas 1 3
Ahmed Osama Ismail 1 2
Zeiad Ayman Mohamed 1 32
Omar Ayman Mohamed 2 4
Mostafa Ibraheem Basheer 2 31