Xenophanes of Colophon was a 6th-5th century BC Greek poet and philosopher who traveled extensively. He criticized the common practice of anthropomorphism in religion, believing gods should not be ascribed human qualities. Xenophanes was an early proponent of monotheism or pantheism. He made contributions to natural philosophy by proposing clouds and water as fundamental elements and natural phenomena having rational explanations rather than divine origins. Xenophanes was also a skeptic of the possibility of certain knowledge about gods or the natural world.
a student's argument on the creation vs. evolution debate. Interestingly, this student doesn't necessarily believe the stance that was taken in the presentation, but this student felt it was easy to prove the position presented in the slideshow.
a student's argument on the creation vs. evolution debate. Interestingly, this student doesn't necessarily believe the stance that was taken in the presentation, but this student felt it was easy to prove the position presented in the slideshow.
A verse by verse commentary on Ezra 6 dealing with king Darius decree to get confirmation of king Cyrus's order to rebuild the temple, and then the completion and dedication of the temple,
It is about the educational philosopher Socrates. It contains history about his life, life in Athens, his philosophy, philosophical perspectives, and death.
The focus of this paper is on the place of Hegel’s idea of the Absolute in African philosophy. It
simply suggests a metaphysical theme both in context and content. It is at the same time aimed at making an assertive portray of African philosophy from a comparative perspective and its restriction is on the idealist philosophy of Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel a German philosopher.
Discussion Board Week 1 What was the greatest contribution of LyndonPelletier761
Discussion Board Week 1
What was the greatest contribution of the Ancient Greek philosophers to the field of psychology? Why did you choose this contribution as the most influential?
How did the thinkers of the Middle Ages and the Enlightenment influence the development scientific thinking?
Articles are attached
Note From Professor
No work (discussion main posts and assignments) will be accepted without references and in-text citations.
If work is submitted without references and in-text citations, it will receive a zero till you resubmit properly. You will have one time in which to resubmit.
Psychology is a social science, based on the scientific method of research. We use APA style. Technically, if you submit an assignment without references and proper citation, it constitutes plagiarism. You must cite in-text and reference correctly to avoid this.
The Ancient Greeks, Part One:
The Presocratics
Dr. C. George Boeree
"Know thyself."
-- inscribed on the Temple of Apollo at Delphi
In Chinese: 前蘇格拉底時代 (translated by Liu Yu)
Psyche, from the Greek psu-khê, possibly derived from a
word meaning "warm blooded:" Life, soul, ghost, departed spirit,
conscious self, personality, butterfly or moth. Some words with
similar meanings:
Thymos, meaning breath, life, soul, temper, courage, will;
Pneuma, meaning breath, mind, spirit, or angel; Noös,
meaning mind, reason, intellect, or the meaning of a word; Logos, meaning word, speech, idea,
or reason.
Psychology: Reasoning
about the soul. Probably coined by the German philosopher and
reformation theologian Philipp Melanchthon in the mid 16th
century. First used to mean "study of the mind" in Christian
Wolff's Psychologia
Empirica (1732) and Psychologia Rationalis (1734).
The Greeks
Western intellectual history always begins with the ancient
Greeks.
This is not to say that no one had any deep thoughts prior to the
ancient
Greeks, or that the philosophies of ancient India and China (and
elsewhere)
were in any way inferior. In fact, philosophies from all over the
world eventually came to influence western thought, but only much
later.
But it was the Greeks that educated the Romans and, after a long dark
age,
it was the records of these same Greeks, kept and studied by the Moslem
and Jewish scholars as well as Christian monks, that educated Europe
once again.
We might also ask, why the Greeks in the first place? Why not
the Phoenicians, or the Carthaginians, or the Persians, or the
Etruscans?
There are a variety of possible reasons.
One has to do with the ability to read and write, which in turn has
to do with the alphabet. It is when ideas get recorded that they
enter intellectual history. Buddhism, for example, although a very
sophisticated
philosophy, was an oral tradition for hundreds of years until committed
to writing, since the Brahmi alphabet was late in coming. It was
only then that Buddhism spread throughout Asia.
The alphabet was invented by the Semit ...
A verse by verse commentary on Ezra 6 dealing with king Darius decree to get confirmation of king Cyrus's order to rebuild the temple, and then the completion and dedication of the temple,
It is about the educational philosopher Socrates. It contains history about his life, life in Athens, his philosophy, philosophical perspectives, and death.
The focus of this paper is on the place of Hegel’s idea of the Absolute in African philosophy. It
simply suggests a metaphysical theme both in context and content. It is at the same time aimed at making an assertive portray of African philosophy from a comparative perspective and its restriction is on the idealist philosophy of Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel a German philosopher.
Discussion Board Week 1 What was the greatest contribution of LyndonPelletier761
Discussion Board Week 1
What was the greatest contribution of the Ancient Greek philosophers to the field of psychology? Why did you choose this contribution as the most influential?
How did the thinkers of the Middle Ages and the Enlightenment influence the development scientific thinking?
Articles are attached
Note From Professor
No work (discussion main posts and assignments) will be accepted without references and in-text citations.
If work is submitted without references and in-text citations, it will receive a zero till you resubmit properly. You will have one time in which to resubmit.
Psychology is a social science, based on the scientific method of research. We use APA style. Technically, if you submit an assignment without references and proper citation, it constitutes plagiarism. You must cite in-text and reference correctly to avoid this.
The Ancient Greeks, Part One:
The Presocratics
Dr. C. George Boeree
"Know thyself."
-- inscribed on the Temple of Apollo at Delphi
In Chinese: 前蘇格拉底時代 (translated by Liu Yu)
Psyche, from the Greek psu-khê, possibly derived from a
word meaning "warm blooded:" Life, soul, ghost, departed spirit,
conscious self, personality, butterfly or moth. Some words with
similar meanings:
Thymos, meaning breath, life, soul, temper, courage, will;
Pneuma, meaning breath, mind, spirit, or angel; Noös,
meaning mind, reason, intellect, or the meaning of a word; Logos, meaning word, speech, idea,
or reason.
Psychology: Reasoning
about the soul. Probably coined by the German philosopher and
reformation theologian Philipp Melanchthon in the mid 16th
century. First used to mean "study of the mind" in Christian
Wolff's Psychologia
Empirica (1732) and Psychologia Rationalis (1734).
The Greeks
Western intellectual history always begins with the ancient
Greeks.
This is not to say that no one had any deep thoughts prior to the
ancient
Greeks, or that the philosophies of ancient India and China (and
elsewhere)
were in any way inferior. In fact, philosophies from all over the
world eventually came to influence western thought, but only much
later.
But it was the Greeks that educated the Romans and, after a long dark
age,
it was the records of these same Greeks, kept and studied by the Moslem
and Jewish scholars as well as Christian monks, that educated Europe
once again.
We might also ask, why the Greeks in the first place? Why not
the Phoenicians, or the Carthaginians, or the Persians, or the
Etruscans?
There are a variety of possible reasons.
One has to do with the ability to read and write, which in turn has
to do with the alphabet. It is when ideas get recorded that they
enter intellectual history. Buddhism, for example, although a very
sophisticated
philosophy, was an oral tradition for hundreds of years until committed
to writing, since the Brahmi alphabet was late in coming. It was
only then that Buddhism spread throughout Asia.
The alphabet was invented by the Semit ...
Presentation on Sophy's world : 2000 years' philosophy in 45 slidesNayana Renukumar
Sophy's World (Sofies Verden) is a Norwegian novel by Jostein Gaarder translated into English by Paulet Miller. It is a wonderful book of philosophy for young adults compressing 2000 years' philosophy in about 500 pages. Through my presentation, I aim to condense the key philosophical concepts of this book in about 45 slides so that all of us can have a quick look at the philosophical reflections which have made us what we are today.
this is the summary of whole book in presentation form and all the data is composed in precise way to help the student to know about the history of Philosophy
I am Dr. John Fruncillo and I will be your professor for this on-.docxsusanschei
I am Dr. John Fruncillo and I will be your professor for this on-line course. Let's look at a brief overveiw of Philosophy's Fundamental Questions: The history of western philosophy spans over 2500 years and begins with the questions raised by the Presocratic philosophers. Among the fundamental questions formulated by the Presocratics are: 1) what is the foundation of reality-what is being? The problems of Metaphysics and Ontology 2) what is the nature of the soul?, 3) What can we know, the study of knowledge-epistemology 4) what is the good, what is the life of virtue, 4) what is beauty? Philosophy has been and still is, a search for the conditions for the possibility of experience and reality. In order to tackle this seemigly absract endveour, philosophy must be both historical and critical in its methods. We need to understand what the authors of the past have said so that we can gain a better understanding of where we are today. How did we go from anceint Greece to modern technological society? How do we justify any knowledge claims? What is the difference between opinion and knowledge or appearance and reality? What is the difference between good and evil? Each thinker will approach these questions in a different way depending on the historical context in which they lived. So, for example, Aristotle takes for granted the reality of physical motion (Kinesis) and attempts to explain how things change from one physical state to the next, birth, growth, death while the fundamental ground of reality for Aquinas is God's creative act of bringing all things into being ex-nihilo (out of nothing). As we will see, there is a tremendous ontological gulf between the Greek understanding of nature and time and the Christian understanding in the middle ages.Please don't become worried if my example seems too technical. I'm am only using the Greeks and Christians to illustrate a basic principle underlying the history of philosophy: that the ultimate conditions for what is taken as 'real' change with each historical time-frame. I’d like to describe the fundamental questions of philosophy in relationship to the basic fields of philosophy:a) Epistemology: the theory of knowledge, the standards for justifying knowledge claims, what is truth? What are the limits and sources of our knowledge? From theGrrek words- ‘Epistme’ and ‘logos’ = discourse about knowledge b) Metaphysics: fundamental questions about the nature of reality, is the universe finite or infinite? What is the foundation of reality? Is reality made up of one kind of substance or many? Composed of matter or spirit? Meta/physis = after physics, beyond the sensible world. Is the universe finite or infinite, does God exist, do we have a soul? c) Ethics: what is good? What is evil/wrong? What standards can we use to justify our asserting that certain actions are wrong and others are right? What rational arguments can we give to support a moral argument? These three fields of philosophy do not exhaus.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
2. Contents
• Background of Xenophanes
• Focus of the philosophy
• Contribution to development of science
3. Background of Xenophanes
Travelling Greek poet and theologian/mystic who lived in the late 6th and early 5th centuries
Born in small town of Colophon in Ionia (present day Turkey)
Nomadic life, travelled to modern day Turkey, Greece and Italy
Only 45 remaining fragments of poetry and testimonia
4. Focus of the philosophy
Social view
Believed in piety and moderation
Religious view
Disliked associating human qualities to Gods (anthropomorphism)
Religious beliefs based on rationality rather than traditions
Some scholars considers Xenophanes as first monotheist, some others as first pantheist
Natural and scientific view
Considered the earth and water to be fundamental elements of life on the Earth.
Considered, Natural phenomena like Sun and Rainbow as manifestation of cloud.
5. Focus of the philosophy
Reflections on Knowledge
“…and of course the clear and certain truth no man has seen
nor will there be anyone who knows about the gods and what I say about all things.
For even if, in the best case, one happened to speak just of what has been brought to
pass, still he himself would not know. But opinion is allotted to all.” (frag. 34)
skeptic about anyone can be attributed with knowledge or existence of knowledge that
is well beyond human capability to comprehend.
6. Contribution to development of science
Epistemology - the theory of knowledge.
Xenophanes is believed to have distinguished true belief from knowledge.
interest in meteorological and astronomical phenomena- his contention that clouds or cloud-like
substances play a basic role in a great many natural phenomena.
7. But if cattle and horses and lions had hands
or could paint with their hands and create works such as men do,
horses like horses and cattle like cattle
also would depict the gods' shapes and make their bodies
of such a sort as the form they themselves have
...
Ethiopians say that their gods are snub–nosed and black
Thracians that they are pale and red-haired
Editor's Notes
first Greek thinker to offer a complex and at least partially systematic account of the divine nature.
There is some debate as to whether Xenophanes ought to be included in the philosophical canon and it is the case that in some surveys of ancient Greek or Pre-Socratic philosophy, Xenophanes is left out altogether. Many scholars have classified him as basically a poet or a theologian, or even an irrational mystic.
Knowledge of his views comes from fragments of his poetry, surviving
He is the earliest Greek poet who claims explicitly to be writing for future generations as quotations by later Greek writers.
criticised the stories about the gods told by the poets, and he defended a novel conception of the divine nature.
He is best remembered for a novel critique of anthropomorphism (the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object.) in religion, a partial advance toward monotheism, and some pioneering reflections on the conditions of knowledge.
a doctrine which identifies God with the universe, or regards the universe as a manifestation of God.
he seemed intent on leading his audience toward a perspective on religion that is based more on rationality and less on traditionally held beliefs
Many of Xenophanes’ poetic lines are concerned with the physical world and the fragments show some very inventive attempts to demythologize various heavenly phenomena. An example of this is his claim that a rainbow is nothing but a cloud. He also postulated that earth and water are the fundamental “stuffs” of nature and, based in part on his observations of fossils, he held the view that our world has gone through alternating periods of extreme wetness and dryness.
better reading of Xenophanes’ skeptical statements is to see them not as an attack on the possibility of knowledge per se, but rather as a charge against arrogance and dogmatism, particularly with regard to matters that we cannot directly experience. The human realm of knowledge is limited by what can be observed.
All observations have inherent bias.
Xenophanes’ most enduring philosophical contribution was arguably his pioneering exploration of the conditions under which human beings can achieve knowledge of the certain truth. It is Xenophanes’ contribution to epistemology, however, that ultimately seems to have earned him a place in the philosophical canon from a traditional standpoint. applies a critical rationality to the divine claims of his contemporaries, but he also advanced a skeptical outlook toward human knowledge in general. His epistemology, which is still influential today, held that there actually exists a truth of reality, but that humans as mortals are unable to know it
Unfortunately, Xenophanes does not develop his critical empiricism, nor does he explain or examine how our various opinions might receive further justification. Still, just as the poet philosopher has provided us with some meaningful warnings toward our tendency to anthropomorphize our deities, the poet philosopher is also warning us against our natural human proclivity to confuse dogmatism (without consideration of evidence or the opinions of others.) with piety.
Xenophanes was clearly a multi-dimensional thinker who left his mark on many aspects of later Greek thought.
five key concepts about God can be formed. God is: beyond human morality, does not resemble human form, cannot die or be born (God is divine thus eternal), no divine hierarchy exists, and God does not intervene in human affairs
rather his philosophy is a critique on Ancient Greek writers and their conception of divinity.[24] There is also the concept of God being whole with the universe, essentially controlling it, while at the same time being physically unconnected.
