X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.01 to 10 nanometers that can penetrate some materials like soft tissue. The three main components of an x-ray machine are the vacuum tube, high voltage power source, and operating console. X-rays are produced when electrons are accelerated toward a metal target in the vacuum tube. They are used medically for diagnostic imaging like radiography and mammograms due to their non-invasive nature, though overexposure can increase cancer risk.

1. Presented by:
Aaditee. S. Kulkarni
Omkar. R. Haldonkar
Pranali. N. Kulkarni
Ganesh M. Nair

2. What are x rays?
 Electromagnetic radiations.
 Wavelength 0.01 to 10 nanometers.
 Can penetrate some solids and liquids, and all
uncompressed gases.
 Used for diagnostic radiology.

3. Three major elements of an x-ray
machine:
1.Vacuum tube:
 made up of Pyrex glass.
 tungsten anode is enclosed
along with cathode.
 cathode or emitter.

4. X-ray tube
 Cathode accelerates electrons
and leads them to
anode(electron beam).
 Only a small portion of the
electron beam is converted to
x rays.
 Photons are discharged in all
directions.
 By adjusting current and
voltage, we can direct the
beam on a visible substance.

5. Rotating Anode
 The anode of rotating anode
tube consist of a large disc of
tungsten, or an alloy of
tungsten, which theoretically
rotates at a speed of about
3600 rpm.
 The purpose of rotating
anode is to spread the heat
produced during an exposure
over a large area of anode.

6. 2.High Voltage Power Source
 A transformer is used
 Alternates between the voltage of currents being
sent to the emitter or to the anode.
 Emitter requires small voltage supply for small
currents
 Anode needs a large voltage supply

7. 3. Operating Console
 Control unit..
 Manages current, voltage and
timer.
 Current control allows adjustment
of tube current to vary radiation
intensity.
 Voltage control allows adjustments
in anode to change energy of
radiation.
 Timer determines the duration of
exposure.

8. X ray machine

9. Working of x-ray tube:
 Cathode accelerates electrons and leads them to
anode(electron beam)
 Only a small portion of the electron beam is
converted to x rays
 Photons are discharged in all directions
 By adjusting current and voltage, we can direct the
beam on a visible substance

10.  Advantages:
- It is non-invasive.
- It can be made available as a portable x-ray unit.
- It is less costly when compared to the other imaging modalities
like MRI or CT.
 Limitations:
- X-ray uses radiation, which can cause cancer if you are exposed
to it over a prolonged period of time.
- Do not provide as much information as MRI and CT.

11. APPLICATIONS
 Orthopantomogram: all teeth
 Mammogram: breast tissues
 Fluoroscopy for real time images

12. Medical purposes
 Radiography
 Dentistry

13. Dental X-Ray Machine X Ray Fluoroscopy Unit

14. Dental X-Ray Fluoroscopy
Images

15. MAMMOGRAPHY
MACHINE
MAMMOGRAPHY IMAGE

16. Security purposes
Uses of x ray machine:
 Full Body scanners at
airport
 Metal detectors

17. Thank you