x ray components by uzma sofi

1. X.RAY & IT’S COMPONENTS
PRESENTED BY:UZMA HASSAN
COURSE:BRIT(C.T/MRI)
S.I:2018014895
SUBMITTED TO :BUSHRA MA’AM

2. INTRODUCTION
X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm
Conrad Roentgen (1845-1923) who was a
Professor at Wuerzburg University in
Germany. Roentgen shielded the tube with heavy
black paper, and discovered a green colored
fluorescent light generated by a material located a
few feet away from the tube.

3. WHAT ARE X.RAYS
• X-rays are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves Of
shorter wave length.
• The most familiar use of x-rays is checking for broken bones, but x-
rays are also used in other ways.

4. COMPONENTS OF X.RAY MACHINE
• Operating console
• Generators
• Transformers
• Rectifiers
• X.ray tube
• Kv meter
• Ammeter

5. X.RAY MACHINE

6. OPERATING CONSOLE
• The operating console allows
the radiologic technologist to
control the x-ray tube current
and voltage so that the useful x-
ray beam is of proper quantity
and quality.

7. • The transformer is an electric
device,which can convert electrical
energy from one coil to another coil.
• It works on the principle of mutual
induction.
TRANSFORMERS

8. TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS
1.STEP-UP TRANSFORMERS
•It transfers power of low voltage
and high current into power of high
voltage and low current.
•Secondary coil will have more
number of turns than primary.

9. 2.STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMERS
•It transfers power of high voltage
and low current into power of low
voltage and current.
•Primary coil will have large
number of turns than the secondary.

10. 3.AUTO-TRANSFORMER
•An autotransformer is a kind of
electrical transformer where
primary and secondary shares
same common single winding.
So basically it’s a one winding
transformer.
•It works on the principle of self
induction.

11. RECTIFIER CIRCUIT
• Rectification is the process of changing alternating current
into direct current.
• The device that produces the change is called a RECTIFIER.
• It allows an electrical current to flow in one direction but does
not allow the current to flow in the other direction.

12. TYPES OF RECTIFIERS
1.HALF-WAVE RECTIFIER
• A type of rectifier that only allows one half-cycle of an AC voltage
waveform to pass, blocking the other half-cycle.
• Half-wave rectifiers are used to convert AC voltage to DC voltage, and
only require a single diode to construct

14. 2.FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER
• A Full Wave Rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage into a
pulsating dc voltage using both half cycles of the applied ac voltage.
• It uses two diodes of which one conducts during one half cycle while
the other conducts during the other half cycle of the applied ac
voltage.

16. GENERATOR
• An X-ray generator ia the
device that supplies electric
power to x-ray tube.
• It begins with a source of
electrical energy.

17. X.RAY TUBE
• An X-ray tube is a
vacuum tube that
converts electrical
input power into X-
rays.

18. PARTS OF X.RAY TUBE
• CATHODE: electron source.
• ANODE :target to stop the
electron.
• High voltage supply to
accelerate electrons.
• Vaccum
• Tube insert (glass envelope).

19. X.RAY TUBE DESIGN

20. X.RAY CIRCUIT DIAGRAM