Important

1. X –RAYS IN PEDIATRICS
Dr. Virendra Kumar Gupta
Assistant Professor
Department Of Pediatric Gastroentero-hepatology &
Liver Transplantation
NIMS Medical College & Hospital , Jaipur

2. NORMAL CHEST x-RAY

3. TRACHEA
• Pushing of trachea
large pleural effusion
tension pneumothorax
• Pulling of trachea
consolidation with
lobar collapse

4. Pleural Effusion Consolidation With Lobar Collapse

5. Hydro -Pneumothorex Pneumothorex

6. TENSION- PNEUMOTHOREX
One-way valve and
not allow the air to
exit
Treatment
Needle Decompression

7. Cardiothoracic ratio Cardiomegaly Causes
•Heart Valve Disease
•Cardiomyopathy (disease of the
heart muscle)
•Pulmonary Hypertension
•Pericardial Effusion (fluid around
the heart)
•Thyroid Disorders
•Hemochromatosis (excessive iron
in the blood)
•Other rare diseases
like Amyloidosis
•Viral infection of the heart
•Kidney disease requiring dialysis
•HIV infection
•Diabetes
•Alcohol or cocaine abuse
Cardiomegaly = CT ratio>50%

8. Cardiomegaly Pneumothorex

9. 1.Infiltrate or consolidation - Opacification of airspaces within
the lung parenchyma
Chest x-ray of Ghon's complex of active tuberculosis
2. Any cavitary lesion
3. Nodule with poorly defined margins
4. Pleural effusion
5. Hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy (bihilar
lymphadenopathy) with or without associated atelectasis or
consolidation.
6. Linear, interstitial disease (in children only)
7. Other - Miliary TB. Miliary findings are nodules of millet size
(1 to 2 millimeters) distributed throughout the parenchyma
TUBERCULOSIS

11. Tetralogy of Fallot
Boot-Shaped Heart
with an
Upturned cardiac apex
Due to
Right ventricular hypertrophy
and
Concave pulmonary arterial
segment
Components
1.Pulmonary valve stenosis
2.Ventricular septal defect
3.Overriding aorta
4.Right ventricular hypertrophy.

12. MAS Extent of lung epithelial damage in
response to meconium
Pathophysiology
Airway Obstruction
Foetal Hypoxia
Infection
Pulmonary Inflammation
Surfactant Inactivation
PPHN
Apoptosis
Treatment
Assisted Ventilation Techniques
Inhaled Nitric Oxide
Anti-Inflammatories
Glucocorticoids
Inhibitors of Phosphodiesterase
Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase
Antibiotics
Surfactant Treatment
Previous Treatments

13. Transposition of the Great Arteries
oval/egg-shaped cardiac .the classic “egg on a string” appearance

14. PNEUMOPERITONEUM
Perforated duodenal ulcer .
Perforated peptic ulcer
Bowel obstruction
Ruptured diverticulum
Penetrating trauma
Ruptured inflammatory bowel disease
Necrotising enterocolitis/pneumatosis
coli[1]
Bowel cancer
After laparotomy
After laparoscopy
Breakdown of a surgical anastomosis
Bowel injury after endoscopy
Peritoneal dialysis ]
Vaginal insufflation -water-skiing,oral sex
Colonic or peritoneal infection
From chest (e.g., bronchopleural fistula)
Non-invasive

16. SCURVY
• Generalised osteopenia
• cortical thinning: “pencil-point” cortex
• Periosteal reaction due to subperiosteal
haemorrhage
• scorbutic rosary: expansion of the
costochondral junctionsmay relate to the
fracturing of the zone of provisional
calcification during normal respiration
• similar to the rachitic rosary appearance as
seen in rickets
• Haemarthrosis
• Wimberger ring sign: circular, opaque
radiologic shadow surrounding epiphyseal
centres of ossification, which may result
from bleeding
• Frankel line: dense zone of provisional
calcification
• Trümmerfeld zone: lucent metaphyseal band
underlying Frankel line
• Pelken spur: metaphyseal spurs which result
in cupping of the metaphysis

17. RICKETS
• Demineralization with
coarsening of the
trabecular pattern
• widening of the
epiphysis
• metaphyseal fraying,
cupping and irregularity
at the physeal margin
• Deformity (i.e. bowing)
• flared anterior ribs