The document discusses key events and issues related to US involvement in World War I: - It outlines Wilson's initial policy of neutrality and how it was undermined by events like the sinking of the Lusitania and unrestricted submarine warfare. - America entered the war in 1917 after the Zimmerman Telegram and Wilson's war message to Congress arguing that "the world must be made safe for democracy." - At the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, Wilson promoted his 14 Points and ideal of self-determination, but the resulting Treaty of Versailles reflected realpolitik concerns of allies like Clemenceau more than Wilson's vision. - The Senate rejected US entry into the League of Nations due

1. World War I.notebook February 05, 2013
Unit 7: World War I
Essenal Quesons
• Why did the U.S. desire for neutrality give way to war in 1917?
• How did the fate of the Treaty of Versailles in the Senate reflect divisions in the U.S. over the future of U.S.
foreign policy?
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20th Century US Wars
What the causes of US invovlment in each war?
What was the effect of each war on the U.S. role in the world?
1898 1914 ‐ 1918: 1939 ‐ 1945: 1945 ‐ 1989: The Cold War
Spanish American World War I World War II
War 1960 ‐ 1973: 1992:
1917 ‐ 1918: 1941 ‐ 1945: 1950 ‐ 1953:
Korean War Vietnam War The First Gulf War
US involvement in WWI US involvement in WWII
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Long Term Causes of World War I
Militariasm:
Alliances
Imperialism :
Naonalism:
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Immediate Causes of World War I
"The Spark"
June 18 ,1914, Sarajevo: Serbian terrorists assassinate Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sopie
July 23, 1914, Vienna: Austrian government issues ulmatum to Serbia, then invades 4 days later
August 1, 1914, Berlin: Austria's ally, Germany, declares war on Russia, an ally of Serbia
August 3, 1914, Berlin: Germany declares war on France, an ally of Russia and invades Belgium on the way to Paris
August 4, 1914, London: Britain, an ally of France, declares war against Germany.
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Wilson's Neutrality Policy (1914)
What was the nature of this policy?
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How did each of the following events/developments undermine Wilson's neutrality policy?
Brish blockade of ships headed to Germany and the central powers:
German policy of unrestricted submarine warfare and the sinking of the Lusitania in Feb. 1915 and Sussex in
March, 1916:
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How did each of the following events/developments undermine Wilson's neutrality policy?
32 million Americans were foreign born/childern of foreign born parents:
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How did each of the following events/developments undermine Wilson's neutrality policy?
American loans to the Allies (far greater than American loans to the Central Powers):
Morgan Company of New York has asked whether there would be any objecon to their making
a loan to the French Government. . . [I would queson] whether it would be advisable for this
Government to . . approve. . any loan to a belligerent naon. . . Money is the worst of all
contraband because it commands everything else. . The powerful financial interests which
would be connected with these loans would be tempted to use their influence through the
newspaper to support the interests of the Government to which they had loaned because the
value of the [loan] would be directly affected by the result of the war. .
Secretary of State Wiiliam Jennings Bryan, August 10, 1914
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How did each of the following events/developments undermine Wilson's neutrality policy?
The Zimmerman Telegram (January 22, 1917):
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How did each of the following events/developments undermine Wilson's neutrality policy?
Allied propaganda
The German officer…knocked at the door…The officer ordered the soldiers to break down the door, which
two of them did. The peasant came and asked what they were doing. His hands were ed behind his back,
and he was shot at once without a moment’s delay. The wife came out with a lile sucking child. One of the
Germans took a rifle and struck her a tremendous blow with the bu on the head. Another took his bayonet
and fixed it and thrust it through the child. He then put his rifle on his shoulder with the child up on it, its lile
arms stretched out once or twice. The officers ordered the house to be set on fire…The man and his wife
"Babes on Bayonets," Life Magazine 1915 and the child were thrown on the top.
Viscount James Bryce, head of the Commiee on Alleged German Atrocies , 1915.
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President's War Message to Congress, April 2, 1917
"Neutrality is no longer feasible. . where the
peace of the world is involved. . the world must
be made safe for democracy. It's peace must be
planted upon the tested foundaons of polical
liberty. . the right is more precious than peace,
and we shall fight for the things which we have
always carried nearest to our hearts: for
democracy, for the right of those who submit to
authority to have a voice in their own
government."
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April 4, 1917: Congress declares war with Germany
"To whom does war bring prosperity? Not for the soldier who for the . . .compensaon of
$16 per month shoulders his musket and goes into the trench, there to shed his blood and
die if necessary; not to the broken hearted widow who waits for the return of the
mangaled body of her husband. . war brings no prosperity to the great masses of common
and patrioc cizens. It increases the cost of living of those who toil and those who must
strain every effort to keep body and soul together. War brings prosperty to the stock
gambler on Wall Street‐‐to those who are already in possession of more wealth than can
be realized or enjoyed. . Their object in having war and in preparing for war is to make
money. The enormous profits of munion manufactures, stockbrockers, and bond dealers
must sll be further increased by our entrance into the war."
Senator George Norris, April 4, 1917
Senate: 82 ‐ 6
House: 373 ‐ 50
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Turning Points in Ending World War I
March, 1917 April, 1917 June, 1917 November, 1917 November, 1918
German U‐Boat warfare U.S. declares war on American forces arrive in Bolshevik Revoluon in Armisce ends war
intensifies Germany Europe Russia
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The Peace Confernece
The Palace of Versailles, January 1919
French Premier Georges Clemenceau
Prime Minister David Lloyd George
President Woodrow Wilson
Italian Premier Viorio Orlando
What are their goals and concerns?
Who is missing from this photo?
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Wilson's 14 Points
The Points Support World Peace
Point 1: No Secret Agreements Secret alliances had been a cause of WWI
Point 2: Freedom of Seas U‐boats had drawn the US into war
Point 3: Free Trade Promote econoimc growth and reduce trade conflicts
Point 4: Reduce armaments, weapons of war Militarism was a cause of WWI
Point 5: Self‐determinaon Imperialism was a cause of WWI
Restore land, redraw borders based on naonality; naonalism was a
Points 6 ‐ 13: Territorial adjustments
cause of WWI
Point 14: League of Naons & collecve security Resolve conflict before war
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Was the Treaty of Versailles determined more by realism or idealism?
Idealism Realism
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The Senate Debate Over Raficaon of the Treaty of Versailles
2/3rd of Senate necessary to rafy a treaty.
Internaonalists Mild Reservaonists Strong Reservaonists Irreconcilables
President Wilson 20 Senate Republicans Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Senator Borah
27 Senate Democrats 20 Senate Democrats 7 Senate Republicans 14 Senate Republicans
1 Senate Democrat
1918 Midterm Elecons: Republicans win majority in the Senate.
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Covenant of the League of Naons
Arcle X
"The Members of the League undertake to
respect and preserve as against external
aggression the territorial integrity and exisng
polical independence of all Members of the
League. In case of any such aggression or in
case of any threat or danger of such
aggression the Council shall advise upon the
means by which this obligaon shall be
fulfilled. "
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The Senate Vote
November 19, 1919
Senate Democrats + Irreconcilables = 55 Nay Votes
Treaty + Lodge Amendments
Lodge Reservaonists = 39 Yea Votes
The Senate Vote
March 19, 1920
Treaty ‐ Lodge Amendments = Sll Failed!
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Lodge, Borah and
Know were Senate
Republicans.
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Would you have voted for or against the League?
Why?
Yea Vote Nay Vote
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