suba menagesha park visit report

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FEDERAL TVET INSTITUTE
FIELD TRIP REPORT OF SUBA MENAGESHA PARK
DEPARTMENT WOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
COURSE: - SAW MILLING TECHNOLOGY
Course code: WTM 513
Prepared by: - Wubante Demissie
I.D No. MTR/282/11
Summited to: - D/r Yonas Yuhanns

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CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
1 Introduction...................................................................................................1
2 Objective........................................................................................................3
3 Method of visit...............................................................................................4
4 Field visit........................................................................................................4
4.1. Forest visit...............................................................................................4
4.2. Sawmill Visit ...........................................................................................5
4.3. Visit Forest mensuration .......................................................................6
5 Analysis..........................................................................................................8
6 Conclusion and recommendation................................................................9
6.1. Conclusion...............................................................................................9
6.2. Recommendation....................................................................................9
All the class members and teachers on Janhoy location

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1 Introduction
Wood science technology department MSC students are goes to trip the day December 26
/ 2011 E.c at 01:00 am all students coming and gathering on the reserved vehicles, for The
course will provide students detail basic principles and methods of timber sorting and
harvesting that will be uses for lumber production. The semester we take major courses such
we saw mailing and wood anatomy. The trip was organized by Our teacher (D/r yonas yohanns)
selection place of Suba Menagesha park, thus filed trips cooperating with the department of
wood science to see practically what we are learn theoretically in the class room. We then got
into the bus that had been parked outside, waiting for us. It took us longer than an thirty minutes
to get to the some late friends peak at the road. Soon after the arrival at the Suba Menagesha at
4:30 am in local time.
we were briefed about the activities we would be undergoing throughout the stay and had
started having lunch by the tree centered on the cafeteria. Shortly after, we went on a short hike
accompanied by our teachers, discovering the main road and long trees that had formerly been
strangers to us. Arrived Janhoy location had rest and presented by tour guide Ato lemi.
Menagesha Suba is located in Oromyia Region of Welemera Wereda (i.e. 8oS4"N to 9°
04" N latitude and 38° 30" E to 38° 39" E longitude) It is also referred as African Oldest Park
this scenic mountainous area situated at 50KMs from Addis Ababa, proved to be a very
peaceful getaway from the city. Many literatures on forestry of Ethiopia mentioned that the
history of Menagesha Suba State Forest dates back to the reign of Emperor Zera'Yekob (l426-
1460E.C.). It was this time that the forest was reserved as welfare for the local people and a
balancing effects of climate and soil erosion (von Breitenbach, 1962; Demel, 2002).
Menagesha Suba was one of the watershed forest protection areas of the Emperor along with
Wof-Washa and Jibet in North Shewa and West Shewa respectively. Later, in late 19 th
century
Emperor Menelik II recognized the relevance of the protection of Menagesha Suba forest as a
source of wood products for the construction his palace and fuel wood. In fact, the emperor
who is noted for his law of 'Ethiopian Forest Regulations' reserved the forest as one the 'Crown
Forest Land' in Ethiopia. Therefore, the emperor assigned forest guards in Menagesha Suba so
as to protect from illegal exploitation and improper utilization. These forest guards who were
referred as 'eremetaga' in Amharic were given land in responsibility of protecting the forest
free from the government taxation (personal communication).
Though, utilization or the forest was started as early as the late J 9 th
century, by the turn of
the century (i.e. J 900) the first saw mill was introduced to Menagesha Suba by an Austro-

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Germany entrepreneur called Otto. The saw mill machine was established with the purpose of
properly utilizing the naturally growing indigenous forest. However, the Italian occupation of
the country (1935-1941) resulted in heavy and large scale exploitation or the original naturally
grown forest in Menagesha Suba. It was in 1949 that the first seedlings were prepared for
plantation in the forest area so as to re-afforest the divested area. This effort of the plantation
process is considered as the first afforestation activity in the country. From the early 1940s' to
1955 the forest had been administered by the Ministry of Work and Ministry of Finance
together. By 1950 after half a century of heavy exploitation of the forest, Emperor Hailesellasie
I officially commissioned the saw mill to terminate the exploitation of the forest. It was in 1954
that the responsibility was given to the Ministry of Agriculture (MSSF Management Plan,
(1998). Now both historic saw mill machines are exhibited in Suba village.
Though demarcation and delineation of the forest area started earlier, the first official
demarcation and delineation of the Menagesha Suba State Forest was made in 1981 by the
Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Forestry. The result of the demarcation of the forest
cover resulted in a total area of 9805ha; however, the satellite image analysis for the year 1986
showed that the forest cover was 6260ha. Af1er the area was demarcated, the Menagesha Suba
State Forest was identified as one of the first priority area by the then Forestry and Wildlife
Conservation and Development Authority (FA WCDA). In 1989 large scale plantation has been
interrupted for years until the first management plan begun to be implemented in 1998.
Currently, the state forest is administered by the Oromiya Forest and Wildlife Enterprise.
Menagesha Suba Park well announce notice

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2 Objective
The trip was organized with the intention of observing that we learnt the class room wood
anatomy identification and sawmilling
 To understand wood identification methods
 To know sawmill, lumber seasoning and lumber grading principles, importance
and applications
 To understand mensuration of stand trees
 To know sorting of commercial timber trees uses for lumber production
 To observe sawmill technology and processing
 To understand wood seasoning principles and methods
 Identify major harvesting, processing and seasoning defects of lumber
 To understand how to take systematic sampling for large forest.
 To understand lumber grading rules and principles
 To observe how to lumber sized
 Identify indigenous tree and exogenous tree used for lumber production

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3 Method of visit
 Tour Observation
 Presentation tour guide person and skilled man workers
 Interview with the presenters person
 To wright short not response of presenters and known observation
4 Field visit
4.1. Forest visit
After we arrive in the Janhoy place we take same rests and then we contact with the
tour guide Ato Lemi and he was pronounced well about the forest, when and by when the
forest was established, when the first saw mill install and by whom, and when and by whom
the nursery site was established.
In general he gives us detail information about the forest, especially the type of
indigenous trees, wild animal and birds. Which are found only in Ethiopia, as he told as, there
are around 167 tree species. From which the indigenous trees, such as Prodocurpus falcatus,
Junipers procera, Hagania abissinica, Cordia Africana and Prunus africanus due not
harvested for lumber production and other purpose. In addition to plant there are around 32
types of wild animals, from the 32 types of wild animals, the two types are indigenous wild
animals which is only found in Ethiopia such as, white foot rat and Menelik fox’s are recorded
by (UNESCO) in 2001 e.c. Although there are around 180 species of birds are found, from that
four species of birds are indigenous such as, Juneforted parot, Abisinial wood nicker,
Abissinian cat bird and Ethiopian skin.
Photo of during presentation of overall discussion

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4.2. Sawmill Visit
At the saw milling site we visit and discuss with the focal person presents by Ato Hayilay
he explain more about the saw mill how they started and how they working currently. As he
explained the saw mill was started in 1900 e.c by Germany mister Otto. In the north western
part of the forestry. The machine was working by the water vapor. The saw mill machine was
established with the purpose of properly utilizing the naturally growing indigenous forest.
However, the Italian occupation of the country (1935-1941) resulted in heavy and large scale
exploitation or the original naturally grown forest in Mcnagesha Suba. Italians uninstall the
machine and change the position in the current saw mill area and they start to produce lumber
until Emperor Hailesellasie. In 1955 e.c they stop the production because the resources exploits
they were not wary about the resources. The privies machines are stop working. By know the
factory uses circular saw machine. The dimension of saw blade are 130 mm and 110 mm the
machine is portable. The machine has 47% recovery rate that means from log 47% should be
lumber. The industry can produce 1200m3
lumbers within a year. At the end of the season in
June, the harvested area will covey by how plant. The industry generally produced 42 type of
different sized lumber.
Thus size of lumber are:-
 Thickness 2.5 cm and 5 cm
 Width by 30 cm, 25 cm, 20 cm, 12 cm - 20 cm, 7.5 cm and 5 cm
 Length of the lumber are:- 400 cm, 350 cm, 300 cm, 250 cm, 200 cm, 150 cm,
130 cm, 120 cm, 100 cm, 90 cm, 80 cm, 70 cm, 60 cm and 50 cm
The waste from the saw mill will determine by the log size, the byproducts (wastes) are,
wood chips, scant and scraps they are arranged and puts based on their dimensions, they have
demands, specially the scants are need by the small scale furniture Enterprises, to produce
stools and some other panel furniture. The chip also needed for firing, to break coking and for
chip wood production.
To dry the lumber, they use are seasoning methods of draying lumber by making stacks,
the stacks should be based on the dimension of the lumber, there should be spaces between
lumbers. The spacing it depend on the thickness of the lumber. If the stacked lumber thickness
is 5 cm. the spacing should be 5 cm between each lumbers, for air circulation.
The lumber is delivered the customers. And they are not bother about the draying of
lumber whether it reach the required moisture contents or not.

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Invent the log from the forest Ripping by circular saw machine fixed on the table
Fence guide of the circular machine During explanation about saw mill
4.3. Visit Forest mensuration
After visiting the saw mill site we go to the forest inventory and mensuration focal
person Ato Andualem visit and explanation. He said that the forest is inventor for two
purposes. To produce lumber for own and to sales the log. Inventory is necessary to avoid or
reduce volume error. When we take the sample first prepare the map by GPS. The map will
be shaped by arc GIS software then gird by X, Y and Z coordinate. And then we get
systematic sampling.

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There are three type of sampling thus are copies size, pole size and big tress. There
three categories have its own radius. For the copies 3.99 m radius, count the number of trees
in the radius
for the medium (pole) size tree, the radius will be increase to 5.64 m, for the big tree
7.98 m radius. All the trees are counted which are found in the desired radius. Finally take the
DBH (diameter breast height)
Standing trees are recognized as a single trees and tree population calculated by Huber
methods
𝑽 =
𝝅
𝟒
𝑫 𝟐
× 𝑯𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕.
How can we take the DBH and height? DBH is measured by caliper or tape rule. The
height of trees also measured by Hepso meter or Klino meter, when we measure the height of
the tree, there are two categories based on the height of the tree, if the tree is very tall should
be far 20 m from the tree, and it is short 15 m from the tree. The stamp head of the Hepso
meter should be zero and see the height of the tree. Now set the DBH and height, then we can
calculate the volume of the tree by using the above formula.
For drying purpose stacked lumber
5 Analysis
 From the field trip, we gain knowledge and skills especially forest inventory and mensuration,
how to prepare systematic sampling for such a wide forest. In addition
 To that, we acquire the knowledge how to measure DBH (diameter breast height) and the
height of the standing tree, by using, caliper, tape rule and Hepso meter, to calculate the
volume.
 We get clear information about the Suba Menagesha forest when it was establish, by how in,
and wild animals, and birds live within it. Although indigenous tree species and animals
which are recorded in UNESCO
 We observe the first saw milling machines installed in 1900 e.c by Otto, the production
process of lumbers and the types of lumber produced, and seasoning methods of lumbers.
Generally we know a lot of about Suba Menagesha forest during the trip.

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6 Conclusion and recommendation
6.1. Conclusion
The report explain the field trip mainly by giving emphasis on three parts
 Over all about the Suba Menagesha forest
 About saw milling site
 Forest inventory and mensuration, all are explained well, and also the result that we gain from
the field trips one described.
6.2. Recommendation
 From the trip have seen that the Suba Menagesha forest was the oldest and one of the tourist
attractive area.in Ethiopia, it is near to the capital Addis Ababa so the infrastructure, like road,
hotel and cafeteria should build
 Creation of awareness about forest should be done.
 Increase the quality of the product it is better to improve the seasoning techniques.
 The loading and unloading mechanism should be modernized.