1) The document discusses body area channel (BAC) modeling, which involves understanding the wireless communication properties within the human body. Accurate BAC modeling is important for developing reliable medical and fitness devices. 2) BAC has characteristics like signal attenuation and distortion within tissues that make it different from other communication channels. Understanding these characteristics is key to effective modeling. 3) Existing BAC models include transmission line, waveguide, and capacitive coupling models. Hybrid models combine approaches for wider applicability. Challenges to modeling include body variability and signal non-linearity. 4) Applications of BAC modeling include remote health monitoring, fitness tracking, medical diagnosis and treatment, and implantable devices.

1. WSN GROUP PRESENTATION
Body Area Channel
Modelling(BAC)
Submitted by : (Grp no-34)
Anubhav Chakraborty (2004039) , Arjyani Sengupta (2004041), Deepan
Mandal (2004043) , Harsadip Hajra (2004046) , Jayjeet Chakraborty
(2004048) , Soumi Mahadani (2004063)

2. INTRODUCTION
• Body Area Channel (BAC) operates within the body for
wireless communication
• Human body acts as a transmission medium for signal
transmission
• Used for healthcare monitoring, fitness tracking, and medical
implants
• BAC modeling is crucial for designing and optimizing
communication systems
• Modeling involves understanding the properties of the
transmission medium
• Accurate BAC modeling helps in developing effective
communication protocols and systems
• BAC modeling aids in designing medical implants and
wearable devices
• Ensures reliable, secure, and efficient transmission of data.

3. BAC Characteristics
• BAC has specific characteristics that make it different from other wireless
communication channels, including:
• 1.Attenuation: The signal strength of the BAC decreases as it travels through the
human tissue and fluids, resulting in attenuation.
• 2.Signal distortion: The signal undergoes distortion due to the inhomogeneity of
the tissue and fluids.
• 3.Noise: The presence of external noise sources, such as other wireless devices,
can interfere with the signal in the BAC.

4. Importance of understanding the BAC
characteristics for modeling
• Understanding BAC characteristics is crucial for accurate modeling of the
channel.
• Accurate modeling helps in designing reliable communication systems that can
operate effectively within the human body.
• BAC modeling involves characterizing the electrical and electromagnetic
properties of human tissue and fluids.
• BAC modeling also involves analyzing the effects of movement, interference, and
noise on the signal.
• Accurate BAC modeling helps in developing effective communication protocols
and systems for healthcare applications.

5. Existing BAC Models
1)Transmission Line Model (TLM):Provides a detailed understanding of the signal
propagation mechanisms within the human body,can accurately predict the signal
attenuation due to the effects of the surrounding tissue and fluid.Requires detailed
anatomical models for accurate simulations, which can be computationally
expensive.Assumes that the signal travels in one dimension, which may not be
accurate for certain applications.
2)Waveguide Model: Can accurately predict the signal attenuation and dispersion
within the human body. Requires detailed anatomical models for accurate
simulations, which can be computationally expensive.

6. • Capacitive Coupling Model:Provides a simple and accurate way
to model the BAC for certain applications. Assumes that the
human body can be modeled as a simple parallel-plate
capacitor, which may not be accurate for all applications.
• Hybrid Models:Combines the strengths of multiple models to
accurately model the BAC for a wide range of applications. an
be computationally expensive and complex to implement.

7. Challenges in BAC Modeling
• Variability in the human body: This variability can make it
challenging to develop accurate models that can be applied to
different individuals.
• Non-linearity of the BAC: This non-linearity can make it
challenging to develop accurate models that can capture the
complex behavior of the channel.
• Movement and interference:External factors such as
interference from other electronic devices can also impact the
quality of the signal.

8. Methodologies for BAC Modeling
• Analytical modeling: Analytical modeling is useful for
understanding the fundamental properties of the BAC and its
behavior under different conditions.
• Numerical modeling: This methodology involves using
computational methods, such as finite element analysis (FEA)
and finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, to model
the BAC.

9. • Empirical modeling: This methodology involves collecting data
from experiments and using statistical analysis to model the
BAC. Empirical modeling can provide accurate results based on
real-world scenarios, but may require a large amount of data
and may not be applicable to all situations.
• Hybrid modeling: This methodology combines analytical,
numerical, and empirical modeling to create a more
comprehensive model of the BAC. Hybrid modeling can provide
accurate results while minimizing the limitations of each
individual methodology.

10. Applications of BAC modeling
• Remote health monitoring: BAC modeling can be
used to develop effective wireless body area
networks (WBANs) that can monitor various
physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood
pressure, and temperature.
• Fitness tracking: BAC modeling can be used to
develop wearable devices that can monitor
various fitness parameters such as steps taken,
calories burned, and distance traveled. These
devices can help individuals to track their fitness
progress and achieve their fitness goals.

11. • Diagnosis and treatment: BAC modeling can be used to develop wireless medical
devices that can monitor and treat various medical conditions such as diabetes,
chronic pain, and epilepsy. These devices can wirelessly transmit data to
healthcare providers, enabling them to diagnose and treat the condition
effectively.
• Medical implants: BAC modeling can be used to develop medical implants such
as pacemakers, cochlear implants, and artificial limbs. These implants can
wirelessly transmit data to healthcare providers, enabling them to monitor the
health of the patient and adjust the treatment plan accordingly.

12. Future of BAC Modeling
• Improved modeling techniques: As the complexity of BAC systems
increases, there is a need for more sophisticated modeling
techniques that can accurately capture the characteristics of the
channel.
• Integration with other technologies: BAC systems may be integrated
with other technologies, such as artificial intelligence or virtual reality,
to create more comprehensive healthcare monitoring systems.
• More widespread adoption: As the benefits of BAC systems become
more widely recognized, there may be increased adoption in
healthcare and fitness monitoring applications.

13. Conclusion
• Overall, BAC modeling is expected to play an increasingly
important role in the development of healthcare and fitness
monitoring systems, as well as in the design of medical implants
and wearable devices. As technology continues to advance,
there is a growing need for sophisticated modeling techniques
that can accurately capture the complex characteristics of the
BAC.

14. Reference
• TC-BAC: A trust and centrality degree based access control
model in wireless sensor networks:Junqi Duan a, Deyun Gao a,
Chuan Heng Foh b, Hongke Zhang a
• Secure and Trust-Aware Routing Scheme in Wireless Sensor
Networks Azam Beheshtiasl & Ali Ghaffari
• A trust-based scheme for increasing security in wireless sensor
networks:Mahdi Dibaei

15. Thank You