Writing Research Findings.pptx

Research Findings,
Conclusion,
Recommendation and
Bibliography

The research findings are the results of the study
conducted based on the data that were collected,
analyzed and interpreted.

When writing the summary of findings, you
should be able to:
 It is not necessary to include all data that were
collected and gathered in the summary.
 The researcher must ensure that he or she has
clearly understood the data results
 All data presented in the research findings
must be properly explained.

 USE OF TABLES AND FIGURES
In both quantitative and qualitative research, the data
results are explained and presented using statistics, data
tables and figures.
It is an efficient way to present large amounts of data using
a limited amounts of space.
They are used to show exact numerical values and the
arrangement of data organized in a manner that displays
columns and rows

Things to Remember in Using Tables
1.Identify the amount of data that the reader needs to
understand in the presentation of data results
2.Determine which of the data results can be presented
using tables.
3.Tables must be used to supplement and not to duplicate
the text
4.Tables must be used to supplement and not to duplicate
the text

5.Combine tables and repeat data.
6.Identify columns or rows of data should be used in two or
more data tables
7.All tables must be numbered using hindu-Arabic numerals
8.All tables must be brief, clear and explanatory title
9.Every column must be given a heading.
10.When citing tables in the text,refer them using the
numbers.

10.When citing tables in the text,refer them using the
numbers.
For Example: As shown in Table 1,the interviewees stated
that….
11.Cite the source of table if it was lifted from other sources
12.Use an explanatory note at the bottom of the table to
explain abbreviations or other notations used in the table.

Use of Illustration and Figures
 Any form of illustration used in the study other than
tables is classified as figure
 A figure can be a chart, graph, photo, drawing or any
other related visual representation of data

When to Consider using Illustration and Figures?
1.What specific ideas do you want to express using figures?
2.Is it necessary to use figures to express or explain the idea?
3.What specific type of figure is useful and necessary in
explaining the data?
4.What is the source of the figure that you used in the study?
5.Is the figure used in the study presented in a simple and
clear manner?

EXAMPLE:
1.What specific ideas do you want to express using figures?
2.Is it necessary to use figures to express or explain the idea?
3.What specific type of figure is useful and necessary in
explaining the data?
4.What is the source of the figure that you used in the study?
5.Is the figure used in the study presented in a simple and
clear manner?

Writing Narratives and Discussions in Qualitative
Research
 In qualitative research, researchers explain the data
results and findings by developing several subtopics and
writing chapters that explain and answer the research
problems vividly and lengthily.

Chapter II
Title
Introduction:_______________________________________
_________________________________________________
SubtopicA:
_________________________________________________
___________________________________
Subtopic B:
_________________________________________________
Subtopic C:
_________________________________________________

Chapter III
Title
Introduction:_______________________________________
_________________________________________________
SubtopicA:
_________________________________________________
___________________________________
Subtopic B:
_________________________________________________
Subtopic C:
_________________________________________________

Chapter IV
Title
Introduction:_______________________________________
_________________________________________________
SubtopicA:
_________________________________________________
___________________________________
Subtopic B:
_________________________________________________
Subtopic C:
_________________________________________________

Remember!
1.Research findings can either prove or disprove
the hypothesis of the study.
2.There are two ways to present research findings
2.1.Provide summary of the results and an
explanation of the major research findings.
2.2.Present and explain each of the major results
thoroughly

Remember!
3.The research finding must include the following:
a. A short introduction should restate the
research problem so that it properly
contextualizes the discussion of the research
findings.

Remember!
3.The research finding must include the following:
b.The research findings for both quantitative and
qualitative research can use tables and figures to
illustrate summarize and organize the results of
the study.

Remember!
4.Use the past tense when presenting the results
of the study.
5.Use the templates shown earlier when using
tables and illustrations in the study.

SEATWORK #2
Research Findings
Direction: Choose at least one research document and examine how
the research findings of the study are presented and discussed. Then
answer the analysis question (20points)

PERFORMANCE TASK #1
Formulate the Findings and
Interpret the Results of Your Study

CONCLUSIONS
 Abstractions of the summary of
findings into what are most
important in relation to the
objectives of the study

CONCLUSIONS
 Helps readers understand the
significance of the study
 Synthesizes the main points of the
research and answers the research
questions

Tips on Formulating A Conclusion:
1.A conclusion must be concise and
direct to the point
2.A conclusion must be explained
from specific to general

Tips on Formulating A Conclusion:
3.A conclusion must briefly explain
how the study contributes to new
knowledge or how it provides a new
understanding or interpretation
about the research problem.

Making Recommendation
 Suggestions for future studies
based on the experiences and
major findings of the researcher.

Making Recommendation
 Researcher can give
recommendations as he likes
provided that it is grounded in the
findings, results and conclusions
of the study

Recommendation can be based on
the following:
1. The negative results of the study
 The weaknesses, shortfalls and
other similar factors that affected
the study can be discussed as part
of the recommendation

the following:
2.Positive Results of the Study
 They provide new or additional
courses of action to improve or to
make more effective programs or
policies

the following:
3.Possible Areas of Research within
the topic
 These can be explored further by
future researchers who are
interested to study your topic

SEATWORK #3
Analyzing the Conclusions and Recommendations
of the Study
Read the research documents below and
examine how the researcher presented and
discussed the conclusion and recommendation of
the study. Answer the activity sheet

ACTIVITY SHEET
of the Study
Author:________________________________
Main Topic of the Study:___________________

ACTIVITY SHEET
of the Study
Summary of the conclusion of the
Study:___________________________________
Summary of the recommendation of the
Study:___________________________________

ACTIVITY SHEET
of the Study
Reflection Question:
Do you think the conclusion and
recommendations of the study was clearly
stated?Why do you say so?What did you learn
from this activity in

ACTIVITY SHEET
of the Study
Reflection Question:
What did you learn from this activity in relation
to making recommendations about the study?

PERFORMANCE TASK #2
Drawing Conclusions and Recommendations of
the Study
Direction:
Write the conclusion of your study

PERFORMANCE TASK #2
Drawing Conclusions and Recommendations of
the Study
Direction:
Write the Recommendation of your study.Use the
following guide questions:

PERFORMANCE TASK #2
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1.What can you recommend to future
researchers to prevent the occurrence of
negative results in the study?
2.What can you recommend as new or additional
courses of action to improve or to make more
effective programs or policies?

PERFORMANCE TASK #2
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
3.What possible areas of research within the
topic can be studied further by future
researchers who are interested to study the same
topic?

CITING SOURCES
AND
WRITING BIBLIOGRAPHY

CITING SOURCES AND WRITINGBIBLIOGRAPHY
Intellectual Honesty should be practiced at
all times in research writing.
A researcher must remember that all ideas
that were taken from a source of information
must be acknowledged

PLAGIARISM
An intentional or accidental act of copying
the works and writings of another person
without properly crediting or properly
acknowledging the author or writer of the
source .

GROUNDS OF PLAGIARISM (Gibaldi,2003)
1.Taking notes that do not distinguish the
summarized and paraphrased texts from the
directly quoted texts and present the quoted
texts as if they are the researchers own words

2.Directly copying and pasting a text from the
Internet and including the said text in the
research paper without quotation marks or
without citing the source

3.Citing facts without mentioning the source
of the information
4.Summarizing or paraphrasing someone’s
wording without acknowledging the source

5.Copying part of a text (phrase or concept)
from the source without acknowledging the
source and its author
6.Paraphrasing or using someone’s arguments,
idea or theory without acknowledging the
source

7.Acquiring a research paper, copyng its
content and submitting it to your teacher

WAYS TO CITE SOURCES:
1. Parenthetical Citation
 This contains the surname of the author,
the publication of the source and the
specific pages where the information can
be found
 It is written at the end of the sentence

1. Parenthetical Citation
 Example:
According to a study, 60% of the people in the
community smoke .(Sean,2014, p.60)

2.IN-TEXT CITATION
 Can be included as part of the text
 The name of the Author is stated in a
sentence ,followed by the publication year
of the source and the page number where
the information can be found in the source

2.IN-TEXT CITATION
 Example:
According to Sean(2014,p.60) 60% of the
people in the community smoke

2.IN-TEXT CITATION
 Example:
According to Sean(2014), 60% of the people in
the community smoke
 NOTE:when the page of the source is not
included, you can cite the year of
publication

4.FOOTNOTE SYSTEM
Used in historical studies that require the complete
citation in the paper.
Are printed at the bottom of each page of the
research paper
Example:
Peter Sean, Smoking Problems (Quezon City: S&G
Publications,2014), p. 60

3.PARENTHETICAL CITATION
 Example:
In the survey conducted, there are about 60%
of the people in the community who smoke
(Sean 60)

4.FOOTNOTE
 Usually used in historical studies that
require the complete citation of a source
 The number of footnote indicates the
sources cited in the paper.
 Printed at the bottom of each page of the
research paper

4.FOOTNOTE
 Example:
Peter Sean, Smoking Problems (Quezon City:
S&G Publications 2014),p.60

SEATWORK
Bibligraphy
Direction: Determine the citation format used
in the following researches below.

Writing Research Findings.pptx

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