二項対立：現在に影響が及ぶ事実 vs. 現在から切断された事実

1. 英語でE-mail
第7回 過去と現在との冷たい関係
鈴木繁夫（名古屋大学・名誉教授）

2. 正しいか、誤っているか？
• Tomo has gone through heart operations
four times.

3. 正しいか、誤っているか？
• Tomo has gone through heart operations
four times.

4. 現在への影響
手術
現
在
過
去

5. 現在から切れている
手
術
現
在
過
去

6. 現在への影響
• Tomo has gone
through heart
operations four
times.
手術
現
在
過
去

7. 現在から切れている
手
術
現
在
過
去
Tomo went
through
heart
operations
four times.

8. 現在からの切断：時の言葉
• when he was
two years old.
• in 2004.
• at the age of
two.
手術
現
在
過
去
Tomo went
through
heart
operations
four times.

9. 現在への影響:今に続く時の言葉
• Tomo has gone
through heart
operations four
times.
手術
過
去
since he was a
baby.
in three years.
現
在

10. どう違うのか？
• I've made a lot of friends since I moved to
Higashiura.
• I made a lot of friends while I lived in
Higashiura.

11. どんな場合か？
• I have lived in
England for one
year.
• I stayed in England
for one year to have
heart operations.

12. 二項対立
現在への
影響
現在との
切断

13. ピアに送る（5-1）過去形
あいさつ Hi Yoshi,
情報 My name is Geo. It sounds like geography, doesn’t it? I
like collecting maps in the sixteenth-century.
I usually stay at home on weekends. I spend my time with
my handicapped son, Tomo.
He like playing golf, but he cannot practice in summer and
winter, since he has some heart problems.
He is now enjoying his school life with a new teacher. But
he had a terrible experience with his former homeroom
teacher last year.
配慮 How do you spend your weekends? Do you have a
family?
Did you have any memorable event at school when you
were a child?
King regards,
Geo

14. ピアに送る（5-2）現在影響形
あいさつ Hi Yoshi,
情報 My name is Geo. It sounds like geography, doesn’t it? I like
collecting maps in the sixteenth-century.
I usually stay at home on weekends. I spend my time with my
handicapped son, Tomo.
He like playing golf, but he cannot practice in summer and winter,
since he has some heart problems.
He is now enjoying his school life with a new teacher. But he has
had a terrible experience with his former one for the whole year.
He sometime feels like leaving school early when he remembers
what has happened to him.
配慮 How do you spend your weekends? Do you have a family?
Have you ever suffered from any terrible experience with any
teachers at school?
King regards,
署名 Geo