The document discusses the pre-writing process for academic writing. It describes several steps in the pre-writing process: brainstorming, where the writer generates potential topics; freewriting, where the writer writes without stopping to explore ideas; and clustering, where the writer maps connections between ideas visually. The document also discusses analyzing the audience to understand their background, interests, and expectations.

1. Writing Academic
Texts
The Pre-writing Process

2. 2

3. Throwback Time
1. What are your thoughts on writing?
2. Do you find writing easy or hard? What
makes writing easy? What makes it
hard?
3. Do you follow a process when you
write? Can you describe your writing
process? If you follow a writing process,
which step in that process do you think
is the hardest?
3

4. Let’s have fun!
4
•MENTION
•RELATE
•EXHAUST

5. THE PROCESS
OF WRITING
5

6. Please read and follow
each of the steps on
page 32.
6

7. What are
these steps?
7
Steps in
Choosing a Topic
Clustering
Brainstorming
Freewriting

8. Brainstorming
• It aims to generate as many topics as
you can in 10 to 15 minutes for the
random topics to become a focused
topic.
1

9. Freewriting2
• writing without concern for correctness
or quality
• writing without worrying about
grammar, spelling or punctuation
• purpose is to get your ideas out of your
head and onto the paper
• Its only one rule is, “Don’t stop.” It’s not
thinking and then writing; it’s thinking
as you write.

10. “
I can’t think of anything to say so I am just going to
keep on putting these words on the paper until my
brain starts working and then I can get to work on this
paper that I’m not very excited about because it’s a
research paper and I’d rather stick toothpicks in my
eyeballs than do research paper especially one on
Eskimos like my teacher said because I don’t know
much about Eskimos although I had an Eskimo pie
once and liked it, but I get this picture of Eskimos in
parkas and round ice igloos that you always see in
cartoons and I wonder if that’s really the way they live,
maybe that’s what I should write about—the kinds of
houses Eskimos live in That would be a good idea and
I wonder if they ever eat Eskimo pies…

11. Clustering3
• Comes with many names: webbing,
mind-mapping, bubbling, diagramming
• It provides a graphic representation of
your ideas, allowing you to visualize
the connection and/or relationships of
your ideas.

12. Ex.

13. ACRONYM - KEYWORDS
13
A AUDIENCE
U UNDERSTANDING
D DEMOGRAPHICS
I INTEREST
E ENVIRONMENT
N NEEDS
C CUSTOMIZATION
E EXPECTATIONS

14. Audience analysis:
Checklist
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1. Who are your readers?
2. Are they familiar with the topic or subject?
3. How much do they know about your topic?
4. How much background do you need to provide?
5. Are they experts, knowledgeable on the subject, or have a vague idea
of what the topic is about?
6. What are their interest and how could you relate your topic to their
interests?
7. What is their general attitude toward your topic? Are they against, for,
or neutral about your topic?
8. Do they have beliefs (cultural, religious, political) that you may have
to consider in writing your paper?
9. Do they have misconceptions and biases that you have to address?
10. What are your readers’ expectations from you?

15. 15
Thanks!
Any questions?
You can find me at
￮ @Ailyn A. Duenas
￮ ailynduenas@gmail.com