This document discusses different methods for conducting surveys, including their advantages and disadvantages. It describes personal approaches like face-to-face and telephone interviews. It also discusses self-administered methods such as paper, online, and mail surveys. Finally, it provides tips for encouraging responses and defines observational and experimental studies, giving examples of each.

1. conducting the
surveys/experiments/observati
ons
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2. How will you conduct your survey?
You can conduct a survey in many ways. Each method
its own advantages and disadvantages. You have to
choose well which of the methods would fit your
purpose. Aside from the way it is administered, other
factors can also affect the response rates and results.
It is your decision to choose which you will sure as
long as it is appropriate to what your conducting.
Here are the different methods:

3. 1. Personal Approach
•A. Face-to-Face Structured Interview

4. Pros. When respondents are asked directly, the response rates are
actually good especially if visual materials are required during the
survey. The researcher can also observe the participants in this
method.
Cons.. There might be bias because of the interaction. There is no
anonymity involved. This is also not good if the participants live in
different locations

5. B. Telephone Survey
Pros. This is applicable for asking consequential
questions. Unlike face-to-face interviews,
there is anonymity in this approach.
Cons. This method is not good if the participants
need to see visual materials and if the
questions are long.

6. 2. Self-Administered Approach
A. Paper-and-Pencil Survey
Pros. This is a traditional survey method and this
is good for those who do not know how to use
the computer or access the internet.
Cons. This requires bigger budget in terms of
reproduction. This also involves distribution
of the questionnaires which can be exhausting
The researcher must also be present during the
administration.

7. Pros. This is a traditional survey method and this is good for
those who do not know how to use the computer or access
the internet.
Cons. This requires bigger budget in terms of reproduction.
This also involves distribution of the questionnaires which
can be exhausting. The researcher must also be present
during the administration.

8. B. Online Survey
Pros. This is best if the sample size is huge and they live on difference
locations. There is less expense compared
to mail survey. There are also survey companies
that can help conduct the survey online with
accuracy.
Cons. The respondents must know how to
use the computer to be able to answer
this method. There might even be incentives
to be given to the respondents.

9. C. Mail Survey
Pros. This method can be easily
administered and you can even review
the mails before you send them so
that the visual quality is good.
Cons. Mail surveys are less chosen
by many because only a few responses
are collected. People also have more
access to the internet so they no
longer prefer the mail survey.

10. To encourage your respondents to
answer and complete the survey,
remember these tips:
1. Follow the KISS principle which stands for “Keep It Short and
Simple”. Better response rates are associated with concise, simple,
and easy-to-answer survey questionnaires.
2. Ensure confidentiality (and anonymity, if it applies). Give the
participants an assurance that their answers will kept confidential
and will only be used for the purpose of the survey.
3. Be professional, courteous and polite. Saying “please”, and “thank
you” as well as guiding the respondent politely can motivate the
participants to finish the survey.

11. In an observational study,
• The sample population being studied is measured, or surveyed, as it
is. The researcher observes the subjects and measures variables, but
does not influence the population in any way or attempt to
intervene in the study. There is no manipulation by the researcher.
Instead, data is simply gathered and correlations are investigated.
Since observational studies do not control any variables, the results
can only allow the researcher to claim association, not causation
(not a cause-and-effect conclusion). Surveys are one form of an
observational study, since the researchers do not influence the
outcomes.

12. For example:
Is there a correlation between attending a review class and scores
achieved on the Examination for this school year? In an attempt to
investigate this possible correlation, a group of students who took the
Examination are surveyed. The scores from students who took a review
class are compared with the scores of those that did not take review
class. A statistical analysis is performed on the data. This is an
observational study since the researcher did not manipulate the sample
set.

13. An experimental study
• Has the researcher purposely attempting to influence the results.
The goal is to determine what effect a particular treatment has on
the outcome. Researcher takes measurements or surveys of the
sample population. The researchers then manipulate the sample
population in some manner. After the manipulation, the researchers
re-measure, or re-survey, using the same procedures to determine if
the manipulation possibly changed the measurements. Since
variables are controlled in a designed experiment, the results allow
the researcher to claim causation (a cause-and-effect conclusion).

14. Here is an example:
Does the color of a basketball influence the number of times a shooter of sinks a
basket? A random group of students is chosen and asked to shoot a series of
baskets using a regulation normal-colored basketball. The data is recorded. The
same group is then given a blue colored basketball and the same number of shots
is repeated. The data is again recorded. A statistical analysis is performed. This is a
designed experimental study since the researcher manipulated the conditions of
the study by changing the color of the ball.
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