process (Sourcing, screening, shortlisted, Negotiation and Final Call) which includes talent management, talent search and second process is On-boarding (Hiring, joining Formality, welcome Kit, induction).

2. Stage Economic and
infra
structure
related
factors
Socio cultural
factors
Political legal
factors
Supranationa
l institutions
Internet
adoption
Per capita
GDP
Literacy rate
and computer
skill
The internet's
democratic
Nature
incompatible
with
authoritarian
political
UNDP-
introduction
of the
internet in
many
countries
Availability of
telephone
and computer
English
language skill
structures GATS-
competition
in telecom
sectors
Pricing
structure
Viewed as a
tool of
cultural
imperialism in
some
Tariff and non
tariff barriers
to ICT
products
ITA- reducing
the price of
ICT products.
Buying/sellin
g online
Availability of
credit
Intellectual
property
protection
Redress
mechanisms
in caseof
problems in
online
transactions
UNCITRAL
model law
Advertising
and searching
phase
Operating
speed of
computer and
modern size
Influence of
language and
symbols used
on site visited
and purchase
decision
Ban on some
website in
authoritarian
regimes
Products can
be advertised
and searched
globally on
GTPN of
UNCTAD
Payment
phase
Penetration
rate of credit
cards
Forms of
payment:
check, wire
transfer, cash
on delivery
etc,
Governments'
concern on
the outflow of
foreign
currency.
UNCTAD
smart card
Delivery
phase
Delivery
means and
infrastructure
Products
stolen some
countries
Tariff and
non- tariff
barriers
Electronic
delivery free
of custom
duties in WTO
member
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out eSportsbuy.com for an estimated of
Bahl has 20–million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year aggressively online shopping site F
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about firms shopping for others
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the smaller ones often prefer to
At stake is a huge market will growing potential because India has 900 million mobile phones, with a big chu
Industry estimates say India’s e-commerce market will zoom from the current Rs.51000 crore to Rs.10,20,00
“At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not survive only through disc
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and broaden a loyal customer bas
“There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for niche category players,” h
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say they more than doubled t
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. “Money can only delay your death. The only key
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. “As the e-commerce companies gro
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the “dotcom bubble” and comparing the curre
“There are a lot of guys in this business who don’t have a retail background. They are form either consulting
In the world where old-fashioned retail meets high-technology and innovative management, the winners co
What the consolidation?
•High operational costs affect profit margins.
•Most e-commerce sites compete on deep discounts, which hit their margins.
•Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
•Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit while e-commerce ventures are still pro
What makes a Long-Term Player?
•Loyal customer base, fundamentally strong business models, clear product/service differentiation.
•Deep pockets to tide over initial gestation period.
Challenges for E-Commerce Sites
•Low customer loyalty
•High returns rates on cash-on-delivery
•High cost of customer retention
State of Play
•Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and add categories.
•The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and real customers, and are not based o

4. Stage Economic and
infra
structure
related
factors
Socio cultural
factors
Political legal
factors
Supranationa
l institutions
Internet
adoption
Per capita
GDP
Literacy rate
and computer
skill
The internet's
democratic
Nature
incompatible
with
authoritarian
political
UNDP-
introduction
of the
internet in
many
countries
Availability of
telephone
and computer
English
language skill
structures GATS-
competition
in telecom
sectors
Pricing
structure
Viewed as a
tool of
cultural
imperialism in
some
Tariff and non
tariff barriers
to ICT
products
ITA- reducing
the price of
ICT products.
Buying/sellin
g online
Availability of
credit
Intellectual
property
protection
Redress
mechanisms
in caseof
problems in
online
transactions
UNCITRAL
model law
Advertising
and searching
phase
Operating
speed of
computer and
modern size
Influence of
language and
symbols used
on site visited
and purchase
decision
Ban on some
website in
authoritarian
regimes
Products can
be advertised
and searched
globally on
GTPN of
UNCTAD
Payment
phase
Penetration
rate of credit
cards
Forms of
payment:
check, wire
transfer, cash
on delivery
etc,
Governments'
concern on
the outflow of
foreign
currency.
UNCTAD
smart card
Delivery
phase
Delivery
means and
infrastructure
Products
stolen some
countries
Tariff and
non- tariff
barriers
Electronic
delivery free
of custom
duties in WTO
member
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out eSportsbuy.com for an estimated of
Bahl has 20–million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year aggressively online shopping site F
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about firms shopping for others
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the smaller ones often prefer to
At stake is a huge market will growing potential because India has 900 million mobile phones, with a big chu
Industry estimates say India’s e-commerce market will zoom from the current Rs.51000 crore to Rs.10,20,00
“At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not survive only through disc
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and broaden a loyal customer bas
“There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for niche category players,” h
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say they more than doubled t
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. “Money can only delay your death. The only key
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. “As the e-commerce companies gro
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the “dotcom bubble” and comparing the curre
“There are a lot of guys in this business who don’t have a retail background. They are form either consulting
In the world where old-fashioned retail meets high-technology and innovative management, the winners co
What the consolidation?
•High operational costs affect profit margins.
•Most e-commerce sites compete on deep discounts, which hit their margins.
•Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
•Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit while e-commerce ventures are still pro
What makes a Long-Term Player?
•Loyal customer base, fundamentally strong business models, clear product/service differentiation.
•Deep pockets to tide over initial gestation period.
Challenges for E-Commerce Sites
•Low customer loyalty
•High returns rates on cash-on-delivery
•High cost of customer retention
State of Play
•Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and add categories.
•The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and real customers, and are not based o

5. Stage Economic and
infra
structure
related
factors
Socio cultural
factors
Political legal
factors
Supranationa
l institutions
Internet
adoption
Per capita
GDP
Literacy rate
and computer
skill
The internet's
democratic
Nature
incompatible
with
authoritarian
political
UNDP-
introduction
of the
internet in
many
countries
Availability of
telephone
and computer
English
language skill
structures GATS-
competition
in telecom
sectors
Pricing
structure
Viewed as a
tool of
cultural
imperialism in
some
Tariff and non
tariff barriers
to ICT
products
ITA- reducing
the price of
ICT products.
Buying/sellin
g online
Availability of
credit
Intellectual
property
protection
Redress
mechanisms
in caseof
problems in
online
transactions
UNCITRAL
model law
Advertising
and searching
phase
Operating
speed of
computer and
modern size
Influence of
language and
symbols used
on site visited
and purchase
decision
Ban on some
website in
authoritarian
regimes
Products can
be advertised
and searched
globally on
GTPN of
UNCTAD
Payment
phase
Penetration
rate of credit
cards
Forms of
payment:
check, wire
transfer, cash
on delivery
etc,
Governments'
concern on
the outflow of
foreign
currency.
UNCTAD
smart card
Delivery
phase
Delivery
means and
infrastructure
Products
stolen some
countries
Tariff and
non- tariff
barriers
Electronic
delivery free
of custom
duties in WTO
member
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out eSportsbuy.com for an estimated of
Bahl has 20–million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year aggressively online shopping site F
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about firms shopping for others
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the smaller ones often prefer to
At stake is a huge market will growing potential because India has 900 million mobile phones, with a big chu
Industry estimates say India’s e-commerce market will zoom from the current Rs.51000 crore to Rs.10,20,00
“At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not survive only through disc
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and broaden a loyal customer bas
“There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for niche category players,” h
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say they more than doubled t
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. “Money can only delay your death. The only key
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. “As the e-commerce companies gro
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the “dotcom bubble” and comparing the curre
“There are a lot of guys in this business who don’t have a retail background. They are form either consulting
In the world where old-fashioned retail meets high-technology and innovative management, the winners co
What the consolidation?
•High operational costs affect profit margins.
•Most e-commerce sites compete on deep discounts, which hit their margins.
•Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
•Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit while e-commerce ventures are still pro
What makes a Long-Term Player?
•Loyal customer base, fundamentally strong business models, clear product/service differentiation.
•Deep pockets to tide over initial gestation period.
Challenges for E-Commerce Sites
•Low customer loyalty
•High returns rates on cash-on-delivery
•High cost of customer retention
State of Play
•Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and add categories.
•The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and real customers, and are not based o

7. Stage Economic and
infra
structure
related
factors
Socio cultural
factors
Political legal
factors
Supranationa
l institutions
Internet
adoption
Per capita
GDP
Literacy rate
and computer
skill
The internet's
democratic
Nature
incompatible
with
authoritarian
political
UNDP-
introduction
of the
internet in
many
countries
Availability of
telephone
and computer
English
language skill
structures GATS-
competition
in telecom
sectors
Pricing
structure
Viewed as a
tool of
cultural
imperialism in
some
Tariff and non
tariff barriers
to ICT
products
ITA- reducing
the price of
ICT products.
Buying/sellin
g online
Availability of
credit
Intellectual
property
protection
Redress
mechanisms
in caseof
problems in
online
transactions
UNCITRAL
model law
Advertising
and searching
phase
Operating
speed of
computer and
modern size
Influence of
language and
symbols used
on site visited
and purchase
decision
Ban on some
website in
authoritarian
regimes
Products can
be advertised
and searched
globally on
GTPN of
UNCTAD
Payment
phase
Penetration
rate of credit
cards
Forms of
payment:
check, wire
transfer, cash
on delivery
etc,
Governments'
concern on
the outflow of
foreign
currency.
UNCTAD
smart card
Delivery
phase
Delivery
means and
infrastructure
Products
stolen some
countries
Tariff and
non- tariff
barriers
Electronic
delivery free
of custom
duties in WTO
member
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out eSportsbuy.com for an estimated of
Bahl has 20–million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year aggressively online shopping site F
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about firms shopping for others
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the smaller ones often prefer to
At stake is a huge market will growing potential because India has 900 million mobile phones, with a big chu
Industry estimates say India’s e-commerce market will zoom from the current Rs.51000 crore to Rs.10,20,00
“At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not survive only through disc
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and broaden a loyal customer bas
“There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for niche category players,” h
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say they more than doubled t
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. “Money can only delay your death. The only key
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. “As the e-commerce companies gro
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the “dotcom bubble” and comparing the curre
“There are a lot of guys in this business who don’t have a retail background. They are form either consulting
In the world where old-fashioned retail meets high-technology and innovative management, the winners co
What the consolidation?
•High operational costs affect profit margins.
•Most e-commerce sites compete on deep discounts, which hit their margins.
•Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
•Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit while e-commerce ventures are still pro
What makes a Long-Term Player?
•Loyal customer base, fundamentally strong business models, clear product/service differentiation.
•Deep pockets to tide over initial gestation period.
Challenges for E-Commerce Sites
•Low customer loyalty
•High returns rates on cash-on-delivery
•High cost of customer retention
State of Play
•Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and add categories.
•The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and real customers, and are not based o

10. Stage Economic and
infra
structure
related
factors
Socio cultural
factors
Political legal
factors
Supranationa
l institutions
Internet
adoption
Per capita
GDP
Literacy rate
and computer
skill
The internet's
democratic
Nature
incompatible
with
authoritarian
political
UNDP-
introduction
of the
internet in
many
countries
Availability of
telephone
and computer
English
language skill
structures GATS-
competition
in telecom
sectors
Pricing
structure
Viewed as a
tool of
cultural
imperialism in
some
Tariff and non
tariff barriers
to ICT
products
ITA- reducing
the price of
ICT products.
Buying/sellin
g online
Availability of
credit
Intellectual
property
protection
Redress
mechanisms
in caseof
problems in
online
transactions
UNCITRAL
model law
Advertising
and searching
phase
Operating
speed of
computer and
modern size
Influence of
language and
symbols used
on site visited
and purchase
decision
Ban on some
website in
authoritarian
regimes
Products can
be advertised
and searched
globally on
GTPN of
UNCTAD
Payment
phase
Penetration
rate of credit
cards
Forms of
payment:
check, wire
transfer, cash
on delivery
etc,
Governments'
concern on
the outflow of
foreign
currency.
UNCTAD
smart card
Delivery
phase
Delivery
means and
infrastructure
Products
stolen some
countries
Tariff and
non- tariff
barriers
Electronic
delivery free
of custom
duties in WTO
member
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out eSportsbuy.com for an estimated of
Bahl has 20–million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year aggressively online shopping site F
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about firms shopping for others
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the smaller ones often prefer to
At stake is a huge market will growing potential because India has 900 million mobile phones, with a big chu
Industry estimates say India’s e-commerce market will zoom from the current Rs.51000 crore to Rs.10,20,00
“At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not survive only through disc
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and broaden a loyal customer bas
“There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for niche category players,” h
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say they more than doubled t
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. “Money can only delay your death. The only key
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. “As the e-commerce companies gro
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the “dotcom bubble” and comparing the curre
“There are a lot of guys in this business who don’t have a retail background. They are form either consulting
In the world where old-fashioned retail meets high-technology and innovative management, the winners co
What the consolidation?
•High operational costs affect profit margins.
•Most e-commerce sites compete on deep discounts, which hit their margins.
•Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
•Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit while e-commerce ventures are still pro
What makes a Long-Term Player?
•Loyal customer base, fundamentally strong business models, clear product/service differentiation.
•Deep pockets to tide over initial gestation period.
Challenges for E-Commerce Sites
•Low customer loyalty
•High returns rates on cash-on-delivery
•High cost of customer retention
State of Play
•Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and add categories.
•The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and real customers, and are not based o

11. Stage Economic and
infra
structure
related
factors
Socio cultural
factors
Political legal
factors
Supranationa
l institutions
Internet
adoption
Per capita
GDP
Literacy rate
and computer
skill
The internet's
democratic
Nature
incompatible
with
authoritarian
political
UNDP-
introduction
of the
internet in
many
countries
Availability of
telephone
and computer
English
language skill
structures GATS-
competition
in telecom
sectors
Pricing
structure
Viewed as a
tool of
cultural
imperialism in
some
Tariff and non
tariff barriers
to ICT
products
ITA- reducing
the price of
ICT products.
Buying/sellin
g online
Availability of
credit
Intellectual
property
protection
Redress
mechanisms
in caseof
problems in
online
transactions
UNCITRAL
model law
Advertising
and searching
phase
Operating
speed of
computer and
modern size
Influence of
language and
symbols used
on site visited
and purchase
decision
Ban on some
website in
authoritarian
regimes
Products can
be advertised
and searched
globally on
GTPN of
UNCTAD
Payment
phase
Penetration
rate of credit
cards
Forms of
payment:
check, wire
transfer, cash
on delivery
etc,
Governments'
concern on
the outflow of
foreign
currency.
UNCTAD
smart card
Delivery
phase
Delivery
means and
infrastructure
Products
stolen some
countries
Tariff and
non- tariff
barriers
Electronic
delivery free
of custom
duties in WTO
member
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out eSportsbuy.com for an estimated of
Bahl has 20–million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year aggressively online shopping site F
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about firms shopping for others
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the smaller ones often prefer to
At stake is a huge market will growing potential because India has 900 million mobile phones, with a big chu
Industry estimates say India’s e-commerce market will zoom from the current Rs.51000 crore to Rs.10,20,00
“At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not survive only through disc
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and broaden a loyal customer bas
“There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for niche category players,” h
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say they more than doubled t
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. “Money can only delay your death. The only key
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. “As the e-commerce companies gro
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the “dotcom bubble” and comparing the curre
“There are a lot of guys in this business who don’t have a retail background. They are form either consulting
In the world where old-fashioned retail meets high-technology and innovative management, the winners co
What the consolidation?
•High operational costs affect profit margins.
•Most e-commerce sites compete on deep discounts, which hit their margins.
•Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
•Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit while e-commerce ventures are still pro
What makes a Long-Term Player?
•Loyal customer base, fundamentally strong business models, clear product/service differentiation.
•Deep pockets to tide over initial gestation period.
Challenges for E-Commerce Sites
•Low customer loyalty
•High returns rates on cash-on-delivery
•High cost of customer retention
State of Play
•Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and add categories.
•The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and real customers, and are not based o

13. Stage Economic and
infra
structure
related
factors
Socio cultural
factors
Political legal
factors
Supranationa
l institutions
Internet
adoption
Per capita
GDP
Literacy rate
and computer
skill
The internet's
democratic
Nature
incompatible
with
authoritarian
political
UNDP-
introduction
of the
internet in
many
countries
Availability of
telephone
and computer
English
language skill
structures GATS-
competition
in telecom
sectors
Pricing
structure
Viewed as a
tool of
cultural
imperialism in
some
Tariff and non
tariff barriers
to ICT
products
ITA- reducing
the price of
ICT products.
Buying/sellin
g online
Availability of
credit
Intellectual
property
protection
Redress
mechanisms
in caseof
problems in
online
transactions
UNCITRAL
model law
Advertising
and searching
phase
Operating
speed of
computer and
modern size
Influence of
language and
symbols used
on site visited
and purchase
decision
Ban on some
website in
authoritarian
regimes
Products can
be advertised
and searched
globally on
GTPN of
UNCTAD
Payment
phase
Penetration
rate of credit
cards
Forms of
payment:
check, wire
transfer, cash
on delivery
etc,
Governments'
concern on
the outflow of
foreign
currency.
UNCTAD
smart card
Delivery
phase
Delivery
means and
infrastructure
Products
stolen some
countries
Tariff and
non- tariff
barriers
Electronic
delivery free
of custom
duties in WTO
member
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out eSportsbuy.com for an estimated of
Bahl has 20–million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year aggressively online shopping site F
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about firms shopping for others
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the smaller ones often prefer to
At stake is a huge market will growing potential because India has 900 million mobile phones, with a big chu
Industry estimates say India’s e-commerce market will zoom from the current Rs.51000 crore to Rs.10,20,00
“At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not survive only through disc
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and broaden a loyal customer bas
“There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for niche category players,” h
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say they more than doubled t
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. “Money can only delay your death. The only key
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. “As the e-commerce companies gro
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the “dotcom bubble” and comparing the curre
“There are a lot of guys in this business who don’t have a retail background. They are form either consulting
In the world where old-fashioned retail meets high-technology and innovative management, the winners co
What the consolidation?
•High operational costs affect profit margins.
•Most e-commerce sites compete on deep discounts, which hit their margins.
•Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
•Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit while e-commerce ventures are still pro
What makes a Long-Term Player?
•Loyal customer base, fundamentally strong business models, clear product/service differentiation.
•Deep pockets to tide over initial gestation period.
Challenges for E-Commerce Sites
•Low customer loyalty
•High returns rates on cash-on-delivery
•High cost of customer retention
State of Play
•Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and add categories.
•The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and real customers, and are not based o

17. Stage Economic and
infra
structure
related
factors
Socio cultural
factors
Political legal
factors
Supranationa
l institutions
Internet
adoption
Per capita
GDP
Literacy rate
and computer
skill
The internet's
democratic
Nature
incompatible
with
authoritarian
political
UNDP-
introduction
of the
internet in
many
countries
Availability of
telephone
and computer
English
language skill
structures GATS-
competition
in telecom
sectors
Pricing
structure
Viewed as a
tool of
cultural
imperialism in
some
Tariff and non
tariff barriers
to ICT
products
ITA- reducing
the price of
ICT products.
Buying/sellin
g online
Availability of
credit
Intellectual
property
protection
Redress
mechanisms
in caseof
problems in
online
transactions
UNCITRAL
model law
Advertising
and searching
phase
Operating
speed of
computer and
modern size
Influence of
language and
symbols used
on site visited
and purchase
decision
Ban on some
website in
authoritarian
regimes
Products can
be advertised
and searched
globally on
GTPN of
UNCTAD
Payment
phase
Penetration
rate of credit
cards
Forms of
payment:
check, wire
transfer, cash
on delivery
etc,
Governments'
concern on
the outflow of
foreign
currency.
UNCTAD
smart card
Delivery
phase
Delivery
means and
infrastructure
Products
stolen some
countries
Tariff and
non- tariff
barriers
Electronic
delivery free
of custom
duties in WTO
member
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out eSportsbuy.com for an estimated of
Bahl has 20–million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year aggressively online shopping site F
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about firms shopping for others
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the smaller ones often prefer to
At stake is a huge market will growing potential because India has 900 million mobile phones, with a big chu
Industry estimates say India’s e-commerce market will zoom from the current Rs.51000 crore to Rs.10,20,00
“At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not survive only through disc
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and broaden a loyal customer bas
“There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for niche category players,” h
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say they more than doubled t
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. “Money can only delay your death. The only key
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. “As the e-commerce companies gro
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the “dotcom bubble” and comparing the curre
“There are a lot of guys in this business who don’t have a retail background. They are form either consulting
In the world where old-fashioned retail meets high-technology and innovative management, the winners co
What the consolidation?
•High operational costs affect profit margins.
•Most e-commerce sites compete on deep discounts, which hit their margins.
•Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
•Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit while e-commerce ventures are still pro
What makes a Long-Term Player?
•Loyal customer base, fundamentally strong business models, clear product/service differentiation.
•Deep pockets to tide over initial gestation period.
Challenges for E-Commerce Sites
•Low customer loyalty
•High returns rates on cash-on-delivery
•High cost of customer retention
State of Play
•Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and add categories.
•The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and real customers, and are not based o

21. Stage Economic and
infra
structure
related
factors
Socio cultural
factors
Political legal
factors
Supranationa
l institutions
Internet
adoption
Per capita
GDP
Literacy rate
and computer
skill
The internet's
democratic
Nature
incompatible
with
authoritarian
political
UNDP-
introduction
of the
internet in
many
countries
Availability of
telephone
and computer
English
language skill
structures GATS-
competition
in telecom
sectors
Pricing
structure
Viewed as a
tool of
cultural
imperialism in
some
Tariff and non
tariff barriers
to ICT
products
ITA- reducing
the price of
ICT products.
Buying/sellin
g online
Availability of
credit
Intellectual
property
protection
Redress
mechanisms
in caseof
problems in
online
transactions
UNCITRAL
model law
Advertising
and searching
phase
Operating
speed of
computer and
modern size
Influence of
language and
symbols used
on site visited
and purchase
decision
Ban on some
website in
authoritarian
regimes
Products can
be advertised
and searched
globally on
GTPN of
UNCTAD
Payment
phase
Penetration
rate of credit
cards
Forms of
payment:
check, wire
transfer, cash
on delivery
etc,
Governments'
concern on
the outflow of
foreign
currency.
UNCTAD
smart card
Delivery
phase
Delivery
means and
infrastructure
Products
stolen some
countries
Tariff and
non- tariff
barriers
Electronic
delivery free
of custom
duties in WTO
member
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out eSportsbuy.com for an estimated of
Bahl has 20–million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year aggressively online shopping site F
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about firms shopping for others
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the smaller ones often prefer to
At stake is a huge market will growing potential because India has 900 million mobile phones, with a big chu
Industry estimates say India’s e-commerce market will zoom from the current Rs.51000 crore to Rs.10,20,00
“At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not survive only through disc
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and broaden a loyal customer bas
“There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for niche category players,” h
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say they more than doubled t
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. “Money can only delay your death. The only key
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. “As the e-commerce companies gro
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the “dotcom bubble” and comparing the curre
“There are a lot of guys in this business who don’t have a retail background. They are form either consulting
In the world where old-fashioned retail meets high-technology and innovative management, the winners co
What the consolidation?
•High operational costs affect profit margins.
•Most e-commerce sites compete on deep discounts, which hit their margins.
•Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
•Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit while e-commerce ventures are still pro
What makes a Long-Term Player?
•Loyal customer base, fundamentally strong business models, clear product/service differentiation.
•Deep pockets to tide over initial gestation period.
Challenges for E-Commerce Sites
•Low customer loyalty
•High returns rates on cash-on-delivery
•High cost of customer retention
State of Play
•Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and add categories.
•The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and real customers, and are not based o

29. Stage Economic and
infra
structure
related
factors
Socio cultural
factors
Political legal
factors
Supranationa
l institutions
Internet
adoption
Per capita
GDP
Literacy rate
and computer
skill
The internet's
democratic
Nature
incompatible
with
authoritarian
political
UNDP-
introduction
of the
internet in
many
countries
Availability of
telephone
and computer
English
language skill
structures GATS-
competition
in telecom
sectors
Pricing
structure
Viewed as a
tool of
cultural
imperialism in
some
Tariff and non
tariff barriers
to ICT
products
ITA- reducing
the price of
ICT products.
Buying/sellin
g online
Availability of
credit
Intellectual
property
protection
Redress
mechanisms
in caseof
problems in
online
transactions
UNCITRAL
model law
Advertising
and searching
phase
Operating
speed of
computer and
modern size
Influence of
language and
symbols used
on site visited
and purchase
decision
Ban on some
website in
authoritarian
regimes
Products can
be advertised
and searched
globally on
GTPN of
UNCTAD
Payment
phase
Penetration
rate of credit
cards
Forms of
payment:
check, wire
transfer, cash
on delivery
etc,
Governments'
concern on
the outflow of
foreign
currency.
UNCTAD
smart card
Delivery
phase
Delivery
means and
infrastructure
Products
stolen some
countries
Tariff and
non- tariff
barriers
Electronic
delivery free
of custom
duties in WTO
member
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out eSportsbuy.com for an estimated of
Bahl has 20–million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year aggressively online shopping site F
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about firms shopping for others
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the smaller ones often prefer to
At stake is a huge market will growing potential because India has 900 million mobile phones, with a big chu
Industry estimates say India’s e-commerce market will zoom from the current Rs.51000 crore to Rs.10,20,00
“At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not survive only through disc
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and broaden a loyal customer bas
“There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for niche category players,” h
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say they more than doubled t
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. “Money can only delay your death. The only key
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. “As the e-commerce companies gro
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the “dotcom bubble” and comparing the curre
“There are a lot of guys in this business who don’t have a retail background. They are form either consulting
In the world where old-fashioned retail meets high-technology and innovative management, the winners co
What the consolidation?
•High operational costs affect profit margins.
•Most e-commerce sites compete on deep discounts, which hit their margins.
•Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
•Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit while e-commerce ventures are still pro
What makes a Long-Term Player?
•Loyal customer base, fundamentally strong business models, clear product/service differentiation.
•Deep pockets to tide over initial gestation period.
Challenges for E-Commerce Sites
•Low customer loyalty
•High returns rates on cash-on-delivery
•High cost of customer retention
State of Play
•Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and add categories.
•The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and real customers, and are not based o

40. Stage Economic and
infra
structure
related
factors
Socio cultural
factors
Political legal
factors
Supranationa
l institutions
Internet
adoption
Per capita
GDP
Literacy rate
and computer
skill
The internet's
democratic
Nature
incompatible
with
authoritarian
political
UNDP-
introduction
of the
internet in
many
countries
Availability of
telephone
and computer
English
language skill
structures GATS-
competition
in telecom
sectors
Pricing
structure
Viewed as a
tool of
cultural
imperialism in
some
Tariff and non
tariff barriers
to ICT
products
ITA- reducing
the price of
ICT products.
Buying/sellin
g online
Availability of
credit
Intellectual
property
protection
Redress
mechanisms
in caseof
problems in
online
transactions
UNCITRAL
model law
Advertising
and searching
phase
Operating
speed of
computer and
modern size
Influence of
language and
symbols used
on site visited
and purchase
decision
Ban on some
website in
authoritarian
regimes
Products can
be advertised
and searched
globally on
GTPN of
UNCTAD
Payment
phase
Penetration
rate of credit
cards
Forms of
payment:
check, wire
transfer, cash
on delivery
etc,
Governments'
concern on
the outflow of
foreign
currency.
UNCTAD
smart card
Delivery
phase
Delivery
means and
infrastructure
Products
stolen some
countries
Tariff and
non- tariff
barriers
Electronic
delivery free
of custom
duties in WTO
member
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out eSportsbuy.com for an estimated of
Bahl has 20–million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year aggressively online shopping site F
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about firms shopping for others
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the smaller ones often prefer to
At stake is a huge market will growing potential because India has 900 million mobile phones, with a big chu
Industry estimates say India’s e-commerce market will zoom from the current Rs.51000 crore to Rs.10,20,00
“At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not survive only through disc
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and broaden a loyal customer bas
“There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for niche category players,” h
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say they more than doubled t
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. “Money can only delay your death. The only key
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. “As the e-commerce companies gro
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the “dotcom bubble” and comparing the curre
“There are a lot of guys in this business who don’t have a retail background. They are form either consulting
In the world where old-fashioned retail meets high-technology and innovative management, the winners co
What the consolidation?
•High operational costs affect profit margins.
•Most e-commerce sites compete on deep discounts, which hit their margins.
•Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
•Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit while e-commerce ventures are still pro
What makes a Long-Term Player?
•Loyal customer base, fundamentally strong business models, clear product/service differentiation.
•Deep pockets to tide over initial gestation period.
Challenges for E-Commerce Sites
•Low customer loyalty
•High returns rates on cash-on-delivery
•High cost of customer retention
State of Play
•Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and add categories.
•The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and real customers, and are not based o

52. Stage Economic and
infra
structure
related
factors
Socio cultural
factors
Political legal
factors
Supranationa
l institutions
Internet
adoption
Per capita
GDP
Literacy rate
and computer
skill
The internet's
democratic
Nature
incompatible
with
authoritarian
political
UNDP-
introduction
of the
internet in
many
countries
Availability of
telephone
and computer
English
language skill
structures GATS-
competition
in telecom
sectors
Pricing
structure
Viewed as a
tool of
cultural
imperialism in
some
Tariff and non
tariff barriers
to ICT
products
ITA- reducing
the price of
ICT products.
Buying/sellin
g online
Availability of
credit
Intellectual
property
protection
Redress
mechanisms
in caseof
problems in
online
transactions
UNCITRAL
model law
Advertising
and searching
phase
Operating
speed of
computer and
modern size
Influence of
language and
symbols used
on site visited
and purchase
decision
Ban on some
website in
authoritarian
regimes
Products can
be advertised
and searched
globally on
GTPN of
UNCTAD
Payment
phase
Penetration
rate of credit
cards
Forms of
payment:
check, wire
transfer, cash
on delivery
etc,
Governments'
concern on
the outflow of
foreign
currency.
UNCTAD
smart card
Delivery
phase
Delivery
means and
infrastructure
Products
stolen some
countries
Tariff and
non- tariff
barriers
Electronic
delivery free
of custom
duties in WTO
member
New Gold Rush in E-commerce in India
Kunal Bahl, founder- CEO of e-commerce site Snapdeal.com bought out eSportsbuy.com for an estimated of
Bahl has 20–million (Rs. 100 crore) stash for acquisition-significant because Snapdeal is itself a startup-but a
Bahl is not alone who is scouting for potential suitor. In February this year aggressively online shopping site F
And so it seems that e-commerce is not about customers buying goods. It is about firms shopping for others
In the game in which future share issues are on the radar for bigger players, the smaller ones often prefer to
At stake is a huge market will growing potential because India has 900 million mobile phones, with a big chu
Industry estimates say India’s e-commerce market will zoom from the current Rs.51000 crore to Rs.10,20,00
“At present sites are falling over each other to offer deep discounts, but you do not survive only through disc
Experts say acquisition of other sites is also a good strategy to built brand and broaden a loyal customer bas
“There in no room for newer players in the general category but there is space for niche category players,” h
Private enquiry is doing a huge amount of work backstage. Venture capitalists say they more than doubled t
However, having a deep pocket is no guarantee to success. “Money can only delay your death. The only key
Size is not everything, but could help if investors have a sense of timing. “As the e-commerce companies gro
Hundreds of Internet startups went bust in 2000 and 2001 in the “dotcom bubble” and comparing the curre
“There are a lot of guys in this business who don’t have a retail background. They are form either consulting
In the world where old-fashioned retail meets high-technology and innovative management, the winners co
What the consolidation?
•High operational costs affect profit margins.
•Most e-commerce sites compete on deep discounts, which hit their margins.
•Some firms feel the time is right to cash in on brand, customer base.
•Private equity (PE) and venture capitalists (VC) are eyeing safe exit while e-commerce ventures are still pro
What makes a Long-Term Player?
•Loyal customer base, fundamentally strong business models, clear product/service differentiation.
•Deep pockets to tide over initial gestation period.
Challenges for E-Commerce Sites
•Low customer loyalty
•High returns rates on cash-on-delivery
•High cost of customer retention
State of Play
•Acquiring site is a good way to built brand, broaden loyal customer base and add categories.
•The companies that are selling have real valuations, real transactions and real customers, and are not based o