World Transport
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The document discusses different modes of transporting goods globally, including railroads, roadways, ships, and airplanes. It notes that some countries have more extensive railroad and road networks than others due to factors like population density and land area. While the US has fewer roadways per area than other nations, its roads are used heavily for domestic transport. Shipping is another important method, with some countries owning larger fleets that can transport more cargo by tonnage. Air freight has more recently become significant, with major airports handling millions of tons annually in addition to passenger traffic.
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Transport
This document provides an overview of different modes of transportation. It discusses road, rail, water, and air transportation. For each mode, it describes key characteristics. For example, it notes that roads are the most widely used means of transportation and can be either paved or unpaved. It also explains that railways help connect distant locations for trade. Water transportation includes inland waterways like rivers and canals, as well as ocean routes handled by ships. Air transportation is the fastest but most expensive option, connecting remote areas via airports.
TWCA Annual Convention: Port of Houston Authority, John Kennedy
This document summarizes a presentation given by Port Commissioner John D. Kennedy to the Texas Water Conservation Association Annual Convention on March 3, 2016 about the Port of Houston. It provides a brief history of the port since 1911 and describes its current operations and terminals. Statistics are given showing the port's economic impact in Texas, as the largest port in foreign tonnage and projects handled. The port's growth and infrastructure improvements are discussed to handle future cargo increases due to population growth and industry changes.
IWT by numbers
Inland waterways transport accounts for 6.3% of freight volume in the EU, with some countries that have extensive waterway infrastructure having higher shares. Some of Europe's largest seaports use inland waterways to transport freight due to increasing congestion and lack of rail capacity, with 70% of EU trade going through seaports. The availability of waterways provides a competitive advantage, such as avoiding 100,000 truck movements daily in Rotterdam. Investing in inland waterway infrastructure can help absorb major freight flows between seaports and inland economic centers, making road traffic less congested and providing an efficient transportation option.
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The document summarizes key findings from the SmartRivers 2006 international conference on inland waterways and the global supply chain. It finds that integrating waterways can cut landside transportation costs and that container-on-barge services in Europe have become an essential link between ports and inland markets. However, waterways still only account for 6-7% of goods transported in Europe. The document outlines the major waterways in Europe and factors for the successful development of container-on-barge services, such as reliable schedules and a large international gateway port.
Platina F&F general
Inland waterways provide an efficient mode of transport in Europe, with over 40,000 km of navigable rivers and canals. Inland ships emit far less carbon dioxide and use less fuel per tonne-km than trucks. Waterborne transport plays an important economic role, creating over 40,000 jobs and carrying around 500,000 tonnes of goods annually in the EU. Investments are being made to further develop waterway infrastructure and integrate inland shipping into multimodal transport networks to realize its potential for reducing emissions and congestion.
CSX Presentation; Rail Night
CSX Transportation is a major railroad company operating in the eastern United States. It has over 30,000 employees, 21,000 route miles of track serving 70 ports, and transports a variety of freight including building materials, household goods, automobiles, coal, and agricultural products. CSX reinvests 18% of its revenue annually into improving and expanding its rail network. The National Gateway project involves clearance improvements and new terminal facilities along rail corridors in 6 states and DC to increase freight capacity and efficiency.
Bridge 8 2020 March Virtual Container Yard A review of Literature.docx
1. The document discusses the concept of a virtual container yard (VCY) which proposes exchanging empty containers between shipping lines instead of hauling them long distances to ports. An extended VCY model (EVCY) is proposed that allows international exchange of containers to address global container imbalances.
2. Container shipping is a major part of international trade but suffers from structural imbalances between import and export volumes in different locations. The EVCY model proposes collaboration between shipping lines to exchange surplus and deficit containers to address imbalances.
3. Sri Lanka experiences significant costs associated with empty container movements due to trade imbalances. The EVCY model could potentially help mitigate Sri Lanka's container inventory imbalance problems if implemented.
Road
Road transport accounts for a major share of freight movement in India, comprising about 73% of cargo. However, the road transport sector faces several issues that need to be addressed to improve efficiency. Some of the key challenges include a lack of infrastructure in some areas, including unavailable drivers and lack of repair shops along highways. There is also a need for greater private sector participation in road development projects and better enforcement of traffic rules to reduce accidents. Improving technology, integrating transport planning, and increasing truck terminals could help overcome many of these obstacles facing the road transport industry in India.
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Transport
This document provides an overview of different modes of transportation. It discusses road, rail, water, and air transportation. For each mode, it describes key characteristics. For example, it notes that roads are the most widely used means of transportation and can be either paved or unpaved. It also explains that railways help connect distant locations for trade. Water transportation includes inland waterways like rivers and canals, as well as ocean routes handled by ships. Air transportation is the fastest but most expensive option, connecting remote areas via airports.
TWCA Annual Convention: Port of Houston Authority, John Kennedy
This document summarizes a presentation given by Port Commissioner John D. Kennedy to the Texas Water Conservation Association Annual Convention on March 3, 2016 about the Port of Houston. It provides a brief history of the port since 1911 and describes its current operations and terminals. Statistics are given showing the port's economic impact in Texas, as the largest port in foreign tonnage and projects handled. The port's growth and infrastructure improvements are discussed to handle future cargo increases due to population growth and industry changes.
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Inland waterways transport accounts for 6.3% of freight volume in the EU, with some countries that have extensive waterway infrastructure having higher shares. Some of Europe's largest seaports use inland waterways to transport freight due to increasing congestion and lack of rail capacity, with 70% of EU trade going through seaports. The availability of waterways provides a competitive advantage, such as avoiding 100,000 truck movements daily in Rotterdam. Investing in inland waterway infrastructure can help absorb major freight flows between seaports and inland economic centers, making road traffic less congested and providing an efficient transportation option.
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The document summarizes key findings from the SmartRivers 2006 international conference on inland waterways and the global supply chain. It finds that integrating waterways can cut landside transportation costs and that container-on-barge services in Europe have become an essential link between ports and inland markets. However, waterways still only account for 6-7% of goods transported in Europe. The document outlines the major waterways in Europe and factors for the successful development of container-on-barge services, such as reliable schedules and a large international gateway port.
Platina F&F general
Inland waterways provide an efficient mode of transport in Europe, with over 40,000 km of navigable rivers and canals. Inland ships emit far less carbon dioxide and use less fuel per tonne-km than trucks. Waterborne transport plays an important economic role, creating over 40,000 jobs and carrying around 500,000 tonnes of goods annually in the EU. Investments are being made to further develop waterway infrastructure and integrate inland shipping into multimodal transport networks to realize its potential for reducing emissions and congestion.
CSX Presentation; Rail Night
CSX Transportation is a major railroad company operating in the eastern United States. It has over 30,000 employees, 21,000 route miles of track serving 70 ports, and transports a variety of freight including building materials, household goods, automobiles, coal, and agricultural products. CSX reinvests 18% of its revenue annually into improving and expanding its rail network. The National Gateway project involves clearance improvements and new terminal facilities along rail corridors in 6 states and DC to increase freight capacity and efficiency.
Bridge 8 2020 March Virtual Container Yard A review of Literature.docx
1. The document discusses the concept of a virtual container yard (VCY) which proposes exchanging empty containers between shipping lines instead of hauling them long distances to ports. An extended VCY model (EVCY) is proposed that allows international exchange of containers to address global container imbalances.
2. Container shipping is a major part of international trade but suffers from structural imbalances between import and export volumes in different locations. The EVCY model proposes collaboration between shipping lines to exchange surplus and deficit containers to address imbalances.
3. Sri Lanka experiences significant costs associated with empty container movements due to trade imbalances. The EVCY model could potentially help mitigate Sri Lanka's container inventory imbalance problems if implemented.
Road
Road transport accounts for a major share of freight movement in India, comprising about 73% of cargo. However, the road transport sector faces several issues that need to be addressed to improve efficiency. Some of the key challenges include a lack of infrastructure in some areas, including unavailable drivers and lack of repair shops along highways. There is also a need for greater private sector participation in road development projects and better enforcement of traffic rules to reduce accidents. Improving technology, integrating transport planning, and increasing truck terminals could help overcome many of these obstacles facing the road transport industry in India.
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Tourism and Transportation are inextricably linked. As world tourism increases, additional demands will be placed on the transportation sectors.
Source: C. Goeldner, Z. Cruz
Message me if you want to have a copy of this presentation. Thanks.
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This document discusses various modes of transportation and communication in India, including roadways, railways, pipelines, waterways, airways, and means of mass communication. It notes that transportation helps transfer technology, link traders, transport people and goods, defend the country, and shorten distances. Railways are described as having problems like old tracks, passengers without tickets, pulling emergency chains unnecessarily, and facing competition from airways. Pipelines are highlighted as avoiding delays and losses in transport while maintaining a continuous supply of oil and gas. Waterways are described as most suitable for carrying heavy, bulky goods efficiently and with less environmental impact.
The 6 most important ports in the world 2019
Considering that 90% of world trade moves in containers, there is no doubt that the shipping industry plays a crucial role in maintaining and developing the global economy.
And one of its most important assets is the ports.
More specifically, the capacity of the ports to manage the entry and exit of goods, whether as a transshipment point, origin or final destination.
In the world port scene, most of the protagonists are in Asia. In fact:
• - 15 of the 20 most important ports in the world are in Asia
• - The top 10 ports in the world are Asian
But mastering Chinese ports is no surprise considering the economic power of the Asian giant.
China is not only home to the world's largest port, but it also hosts half the ranking of the world's top 20 ports.
powerpoint on transportation
This document discusses different modes of transportation including land, water, and air transport. Land transport includes road, rail, and pipeline transport. Water transport is divided into inland transport through rivers and canals and ocean transport for international trade. Air transport is the fastest mode used for high value cargo due to its speed.
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This document discusses multimodal transport systems for tourism. It notes that different destinations offer different transportation options depending on their infrastructure. An integrated multimodal network allows tourists to easily travel between destinations using different transportation methods through single tickets. Developed countries provide efficient multimodal services centered around hubs like airports and cities to give tourists hassle-free travel experiences. Factors that influence tourists' transportation selections include distance, availability, schedule, frequency, route, convenience, speed, price, reliability, safety, service quality, type of tour, and opportunities for unique experiences.
Modern means of transport
Modern means of transport have evolved significantly over the past centuries. Where people once walked or used bullock carts and horses, there are now many options for transport including bicycles, motor vehicles like cars and trucks, rail transport via trains, air transport using airplanes, and water transport via ships. Each mode of transport has advantages and disadvantages in terms of speed, capacity, costs, environmental impact, and safety. While modern transport has provided enormous benefits to economic development and quality of life, it also presents challenges like pollution, accidents, and risks that require ongoing research and improvements to maximize benefits and minimize harms.
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This document defines transportation and discusses its history and importance. It outlines the main modes of transportation including land, water, air, and pipelines. It describes key aspects of each mode such as advantages and disadvantages. The document also discusses the key elements of transportation systems including the way, unit of carriage, motive power unit, and terminals. Finally, it notes that transportation should be safe and environmentally friendly.
Tourism transport and travel management chapter 1
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Transport plays a vital role in tourism development by providing access between tourist generating markets and destinations. The document discusses the evolution of transportation over time from ancient to modern means such as horse carriages, boats, motor cars, railways, buses, and airways. Key developments in the transportation sector are highlighted such as the first airplane, steamship, and mass excursions led by Thomas Cook. Regulations and standards governing international air travel are also summarized, including the Warsaw Convention, Chicago Convention, bilateral agreements, IATA, and developments in India's transportation history.
Transportation in tourism
Tourism relies on various modes of transportation to move tourists between destinations. The main modes are air, rail, road, and water transport. Each has advantages and disadvantages related to speed, cost, safety, convenience, and other factors that tourists consider when choosing which mode best suits their needs and preferences. While air transport is the fastest, it is also the most expensive. Road transport is cost-effective but can face traffic delays. Water transport is cheap but slow, and more risky than other modes. Tourists weigh these tradeoffs to select the optimal transportation for their specific travel requirements and circumstances.
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The document discusses exploring the use of retired shipping containers for housing alternatives. It notes there are approximately 2.5 million empty shipping containers sitting idle worldwide each year. Storing empty containers takes up large amounts of land and is an inefficient use. The document proposes reusing these containers by converting them into modular housing units, which could help address global housing demand and make use of the excess empty containers.
INNOVATIONS IN GREEN AND CLEAN SHIPPING
The document discusses various innovations in clean shipping technologies to reduce environmental impacts. It describes how ships can be pulled by large kites called skysails to reduce fuel consumption when sailing downwind. Another technology uses bubbles blown under ship hulls by Mitsubishi's MAL system to reduce water resistance and save up to 25% on fuel. The document also discusses using solar and wind power on ships, with solar panels providing 10% of electricity for some cargo ships and making wind-powered ships feasible for some applications.
Land Transport
Land transportation has evolved greatly over time, starting with carts in ancient Rome and progressing to modern cars. Road transportation allows trucks and cars to transport products and passengers anywhere by providing door-to-door service. Various vehicles for land transportation include private cars, taxis, buses, coaches, and trucks for both passengers and cargo. The goals of land transportation are to reduce costs, increase performance and safety, shorten travel times, and generate additional income.
Transportation,Jaytirmoy Barmon,Manik
Subject: Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management
Full Marks - 50
1. Personnel Management:
a) Definition, scope, importance, behavioral science and personnel management.
b) Motivation, moral and job satisfaction.
c) Education, training, management development and performance evaluation.
d) Means of achieving harmonious industrial relation collective bargaining, joint consultation worker council, arbitration, and industrial democracy.
2. Production Management: Definition, scope, importance and application of management, techniques and principles to production management, production planning and quality control.
3. Materials Management:
a) Purchasing: Formulating effective buying policies, determination of needs and desires of patrons, selecting the sources of supply, determination the terms of purchase, receiving, marketing and stocking goods.
b) Inventory control: Methods of inventory control, selection of optimum method, effect of inventory control.
4. Risks Management
5. Pharmaceutical Marketing:
a) Promotion: Objectives, classification, developing a promotional plan, promotion strategy, budget and executing the program. Steps of implantation of advertising, types (display, direct mail, etc.) and preparation of advertisement. Personal selling and evaluation of promotion (general and specialized method).
b) Pricing: General consideration, pricing method, prescription pricing and professional fees.
c) Channel of distribution
d) Forecasing of sales
5. Management of Community Pharmacy and Governmental Pharmacy.
Land transportation
Land transportation has played an essential role in human development and commerce. It began with humans and animals carrying goods but has advanced significantly with the invention of vehicles like cars, trucks, and trains. There are three main types of land transportation: road, inland waterway, and railway. Each has advantages - like door-to-door service for road and low costs for inland waterway - and disadvantages such as high investment needs for railway. Overall, efficient transportation is important for economic growth but challenges remain from outdated infrastructure and increasing demand.
Multimodal transport
The document discusses the evolution and application of multimodal transport. It begins by defining multimodal transport as the transport of cargo using multiple modes of transportation, with containers ensuring transport from origin to destination. It then traces the history and development of containerization and multimodal transport, including key innovations like the use of containers on rail in the 1800s. The document also defines various terms related to multimodal transport and examines the roles and responsibilities of multimodal transport operators in coordinating door-to-door transport using multiple carriers and modes.
Transport
This document provides an introduction to transportation in India. It discusses the different modes of transportation including land, water, and air transport. For land transport, it describes various means such as pathways, roadways including vehicular and non-vehicular transport, tramways, and railways. For water transport, it discusses inland waterways including river and canal transport as well as ocean transport including coastal and overseas shipping. For air transport, it mentions passenger and cargo transportation. It also provides details on the road network and status of national highways in India as well as an overview of rail transport network and its role in India's development.
HS2 Slideshow
1) HS2 is a proposed £36 billion high-speed rail line from London to Birmingham, and later to Manchester and Leeds. However, critics argue the large cost could instead pay for services like healthcare and education facing cuts.
2) Only 1% of the British public uses long-distance rail regularly, and even fewer travel the proposed HS2 route, questioning who will use the new rail line.
3) Critics argue that instead of spending on HS2, the funds could go towards services facing cuts - including the police, ambulance services, education, transport, and assistance for the disabled - which provide greater public benefit.
Top 10 Insights for your Truckload Procurement Strategy in EU and US
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procurement.
Transportation
This document discusses various modes of transportation including rail, road, water, pipeline and air transportation. It provides details on each mode such as how rail transportation uses tracks and rolling stock, how road transportation involves the movement of goods and people using vehicles, and how water transportation involves the movement of goods via ships, boats and barges. Pipeline transportation is described as the long-distance movement of liquids and gases through a system of pipes. Air transportation is highlighted as the fastest mode and its development in India is briefly outlined.
Chapter 13Multimodal TransportationMultimodal Transporta.docx
Chapter 13
Multimodal Transportation
Multimodal Transportation
Truck Transportation
Rail Transportation
Intermodal Transportation
Freight Forwarders
Project Cargo
Other Means of Transportation
Truck Transportation
In many parts of the world, trucking is a vital way of shipping internationally.
In some areas of the world, it represents 100 percent of the international traffic.
In others, it is a lower percentage, but trucking is still a significant part of the international traffic volume.
Importantly, though, trucking is almost always the mode of transportation for the “first mile” and the “last mile” of a shipment’s itinerary.
Truck Transportation
The critical issues for a shipper using truck transportation are the many different national rules and regulations that govern truck transportation. These rules influence:
The weight that can be placed in the truck
The hours that the truck can operate
The size of the equipment that can be used
The number of hours a driver may work
The training that a driver must have
These differences make for very different trucking practices from country to country.
A European truck is limited to an overall length. The tractor is compact to allow for maximum trailer size.
North American trucks are limited by the size of the trailer, with no constraints on the size of the tractor.
Australian trucks have fewer limitations on the number of trailers, leading to the concept of “road-trains.”
North American trailers are carried over long distances by “piggy-back” trains.
In Switzerland, regulations do not allow international trucks to cross the country. They are transported by piggy-back trains from one border to the other.
In India, congested roads encourage truckers to use piggy-back trains on some routes.
In many developing countries, the maximum weight capacities of trucks are routinely exceeded.
Rail Transportation
Rail transportation is also an important mode of transportation for international shipments, although it is mostly a domestic mode for the United States.
Nevertheless, a significant amount of cargo moves by rail in the U.S. In 2012, more than 40 percent of all ton-miles shipped long-distance in the U.S. was shipped by rail.
Rail transport has an approximate 18 percent market share for international cargo movements in the European Union when measured in FTKs.
Rail Transportation
Rail transportation is dominated by three issues:
The ownership of the railroad, which can be private (the United States) or public (most of the remainder of the world).
The infrastructure, such as issues of gauge (width of the tracks), electrification, curves, maintenance, and so on, which dictates the types of goods shipped and the speed at which they are delivered.
The relationship between passenger traffic and merchandise traffic, and which has priority over the other. In the U.S., merchandise traffic has priority, in many other countries, it’s passenger traffic that has priority.
...
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Tourism and Transportation are inextricably linked. As world tourism increases, additional demands will be placed on the transportation sectors.
Source: C. Goeldner, Z. Cruz
Message me if you want to have a copy of this presentation. Thanks.
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This document discusses various modes of transportation and communication in India, including roadways, railways, pipelines, waterways, airways, and means of mass communication. It notes that transportation helps transfer technology, link traders, transport people and goods, defend the country, and shorten distances. Railways are described as having problems like old tracks, passengers without tickets, pulling emergency chains unnecessarily, and facing competition from airways. Pipelines are highlighted as avoiding delays and losses in transport while maintaining a continuous supply of oil and gas. Waterways are described as most suitable for carrying heavy, bulky goods efficiently and with less environmental impact.
The 6 most important ports in the world 2019
Considering that 90% of world trade moves in containers, there is no doubt that the shipping industry plays a crucial role in maintaining and developing the global economy.
And one of its most important assets is the ports.
More specifically, the capacity of the ports to manage the entry and exit of goods, whether as a transshipment point, origin or final destination.
In the world port scene, most of the protagonists are in Asia. In fact:
• - 15 of the 20 most important ports in the world are in Asia
• - The top 10 ports in the world are Asian
But mastering Chinese ports is no surprise considering the economic power of the Asian giant.
China is not only home to the world's largest port, but it also hosts half the ranking of the world's top 20 ports.
powerpoint on transportation
This document discusses different modes of transportation including land, water, and air transport. Land transport includes road, rail, and pipeline transport. Water transport is divided into inland transport through rivers and canals and ocean transport for international trade. Air transport is the fastest mode used for high value cargo due to its speed.
Multimodal transport for tourism
This document discusses multimodal transport systems for tourism. It notes that different destinations offer different transportation options depending on their infrastructure. An integrated multimodal network allows tourists to easily travel between destinations using different transportation methods through single tickets. Developed countries provide efficient multimodal services centered around hubs like airports and cities to give tourists hassle-free travel experiences. Factors that influence tourists' transportation selections include distance, availability, schedule, frequency, route, convenience, speed, price, reliability, safety, service quality, type of tour, and opportunities for unique experiences.
Modern means of transport
Modern means of transport have evolved significantly over the past centuries. Where people once walked or used bullock carts and horses, there are now many options for transport including bicycles, motor vehicles like cars and trucks, rail transport via trains, air transport using airplanes, and water transport via ships. Each mode of transport has advantages and disadvantages in terms of speed, capacity, costs, environmental impact, and safety. While modern transport has provided enormous benefits to economic development and quality of life, it also presents challenges like pollution, accidents, and risks that require ongoing research and improvements to maximize benefits and minimize harms.
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All types and uses of Public Transportation of the Metro Vancouver are described here with appropriate images and data.
Transportation
This document defines transportation and discusses its history and importance. It outlines the main modes of transportation including land, water, air, and pipelines. It describes key aspects of each mode such as advantages and disadvantages. The document also discusses the key elements of transportation systems including the way, unit of carriage, motive power unit, and terminals. Finally, it notes that transportation should be safe and environmentally friendly.
Tourism transport and travel management chapter 1
This document provides an overview of different modes of tourist transport and their role in tourism. It discusses rail, water, road, and air transport. For each mode, it describes the historical development and key characteristics. It also discusses the role of organizations like ICAO and IATA in regulating international air transport. The document is divided into chapters with sections on topics like economics of transport, characteristics of different modes, and regulatory bodies. It includes lists of group members and objectives of ICAO and IATA.
Tourism Transportation
Transport plays a vital role in tourism development by providing access between tourist generating markets and destinations. The document discusses the evolution of transportation over time from ancient to modern means such as horse carriages, boats, motor cars, railways, buses, and airways. Key developments in the transportation sector are highlighted such as the first airplane, steamship, and mass excursions led by Thomas Cook. Regulations and standards governing international air travel are also summarized, including the Warsaw Convention, Chicago Convention, bilateral agreements, IATA, and developments in India's transportation history.
Transportation in tourism
Tourism relies on various modes of transportation to move tourists between destinations. The main modes are air, rail, road, and water transport. Each has advantages and disadvantages related to speed, cost, safety, convenience, and other factors that tourists consider when choosing which mode best suits their needs and preferences. While air transport is the fastest, it is also the most expensive. Road transport is cost-effective but can face traffic delays. Water transport is cheap but slow, and more risky than other modes. Tourists weigh these tradeoffs to select the optimal transportation for their specific travel requirements and circumstances.
GE ConHab proposal | ComLoc, Corp.
The document discusses exploring the use of retired shipping containers for housing alternatives. It notes there are approximately 2.5 million empty shipping containers sitting idle worldwide each year. Storing empty containers takes up large amounts of land and is an inefficient use. The document proposes reusing these containers by converting them into modular housing units, which could help address global housing demand and make use of the excess empty containers.
INNOVATIONS IN GREEN AND CLEAN SHIPPING
The document discusses various innovations in clean shipping technologies to reduce environmental impacts. It describes how ships can be pulled by large kites called skysails to reduce fuel consumption when sailing downwind. Another technology uses bubbles blown under ship hulls by Mitsubishi's MAL system to reduce water resistance and save up to 25% on fuel. The document also discusses using solar and wind power on ships, with solar panels providing 10% of electricity for some cargo ships and making wind-powered ships feasible for some applications.
Land Transport
Land transportation has evolved greatly over time, starting with carts in ancient Rome and progressing to modern cars. Road transportation allows trucks and cars to transport products and passengers anywhere by providing door-to-door service. Various vehicles for land transportation include private cars, taxis, buses, coaches, and trucks for both passengers and cargo. The goals of land transportation are to reduce costs, increase performance and safety, shorten travel times, and generate additional income.
Transportation,Jaytirmoy Barmon,Manik
Subject: Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management
Full Marks - 50
1. Personnel Management:
a) Definition, scope, importance, behavioral science and personnel management.
b) Motivation, moral and job satisfaction.
c) Education, training, management development and performance evaluation.
d) Means of achieving harmonious industrial relation collective bargaining, joint consultation worker council, arbitration, and industrial democracy.
2. Production Management: Definition, scope, importance and application of management, techniques and principles to production management, production planning and quality control.
3. Materials Management:
a) Purchasing: Formulating effective buying policies, determination of needs and desires of patrons, selecting the sources of supply, determination the terms of purchase, receiving, marketing and stocking goods.
b) Inventory control: Methods of inventory control, selection of optimum method, effect of inventory control.
4. Risks Management
5. Pharmaceutical Marketing:
a) Promotion: Objectives, classification, developing a promotional plan, promotion strategy, budget and executing the program. Steps of implantation of advertising, types (display, direct mail, etc.) and preparation of advertisement. Personal selling and evaluation of promotion (general and specialized method).
b) Pricing: General consideration, pricing method, prescription pricing and professional fees.
c) Channel of distribution
d) Forecasing of sales
5. Management of Community Pharmacy and Governmental Pharmacy.
Land transportation
Land transportation has played an essential role in human development and commerce. It began with humans and animals carrying goods but has advanced significantly with the invention of vehicles like cars, trucks, and trains. There are three main types of land transportation: road, inland waterway, and railway. Each has advantages - like door-to-door service for road and low costs for inland waterway - and disadvantages such as high investment needs for railway. Overall, efficient transportation is important for economic growth but challenges remain from outdated infrastructure and increasing demand.
Multimodal transport
The document discusses the evolution and application of multimodal transport. It begins by defining multimodal transport as the transport of cargo using multiple modes of transportation, with containers ensuring transport from origin to destination. It then traces the history and development of containerization and multimodal transport, including key innovations like the use of containers on rail in the 1800s. The document also defines various terms related to multimodal transport and examines the roles and responsibilities of multimodal transport operators in coordinating door-to-door transport using multiple carriers and modes.
Transport
This document provides an introduction to transportation in India. It discusses the different modes of transportation including land, water, and air transport. For land transport, it describes various means such as pathways, roadways including vehicular and non-vehicular transport, tramways, and railways. For water transport, it discusses inland waterways including river and canal transport as well as ocean transport including coastal and overseas shipping. For air transport, it mentions passenger and cargo transportation. It also provides details on the road network and status of national highways in India as well as an overview of rail transport network and its role in India's development.
HS2 Slideshow
1) HS2 is a proposed £36 billion high-speed rail line from London to Birmingham, and later to Manchester and Leeds. However, critics argue the large cost could instead pay for services like healthcare and education facing cuts.
2) Only 1% of the British public uses long-distance rail regularly, and even fewer travel the proposed HS2 route, questioning who will use the new rail line.
3) Critics argue that instead of spending on HS2, the funds could go towards services facing cuts - including the police, ambulance services, education, transport, and assistance for the disabled - which provide greater public benefit.
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Similar to World Transport
Transportation
This document discusses various modes of transportation including rail, road, water, pipeline and air transportation. It provides details on each mode such as how rail transportation uses tracks and rolling stock, how road transportation involves the movement of goods and people using vehicles, and how water transportation involves the movement of goods via ships, boats and barges. Pipeline transportation is described as the long-distance movement of liquids and gases through a system of pipes. Air transportation is highlighted as the fastest mode and its development in India is briefly outlined.
Chapter 13Multimodal TransportationMultimodal Transporta.docx
Chapter 13
Multimodal Transportation
Multimodal Transportation
Truck Transportation
Rail Transportation
Intermodal Transportation
Freight Forwarders
Project Cargo
Other Means of Transportation
Truck Transportation
In many parts of the world, trucking is a vital way of shipping internationally.
In some areas of the world, it represents 100 percent of the international traffic.
In others, it is a lower percentage, but trucking is still a significant part of the international traffic volume.
Importantly, though, trucking is almost always the mode of transportation for the “first mile” and the “last mile” of a shipment’s itinerary.
Truck Transportation
The critical issues for a shipper using truck transportation are the many different national rules and regulations that govern truck transportation. These rules influence:
The weight that can be placed in the truck
The hours that the truck can operate
The size of the equipment that can be used
The number of hours a driver may work
The training that a driver must have
These differences make for very different trucking practices from country to country.
A European truck is limited to an overall length. The tractor is compact to allow for maximum trailer size.
North American trucks are limited by the size of the trailer, with no constraints on the size of the tractor.
Australian trucks have fewer limitations on the number of trailers, leading to the concept of “road-trains.”
North American trailers are carried over long distances by “piggy-back” trains.
In Switzerland, regulations do not allow international trucks to cross the country. They are transported by piggy-back trains from one border to the other.
In India, congested roads encourage truckers to use piggy-back trains on some routes.
In many developing countries, the maximum weight capacities of trucks are routinely exceeded.
Rail Transportation
Rail transportation is also an important mode of transportation for international shipments, although it is mostly a domestic mode for the United States.
Nevertheless, a significant amount of cargo moves by rail in the U.S. In 2012, more than 40 percent of all ton-miles shipped long-distance in the U.S. was shipped by rail.
Rail transport has an approximate 18 percent market share for international cargo movements in the European Union when measured in FTKs.
Rail Transportation
Rail transportation is dominated by three issues:
The ownership of the railroad, which can be private (the United States) or public (most of the remainder of the world).
The infrastructure, such as issues of gauge (width of the tracks), electrification, curves, maintenance, and so on, which dictates the types of goods shipped and the speed at which they are delivered.
The relationship between passenger traffic and merchandise traffic, and which has priority over the other. In the U.S., merchandise traffic has priority, in many other countries, it’s passenger traffic that has priority.
...
OPTIMIZATION OF FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION WITHIN NAFTA COUNTRIES: FRAMING THE IS...
OPTIMIZATION OF FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION WITHIN NAFTA COUNTRIES: FRAMING THE IS...Josué Isaac Hernández Díaz
This document discusses optimization of freight transportation within NAFTA countries. It provides background on freight transportation in the US, including key statistics on tonnage and value shipped by various modes of transportation annually. It then discusses the establishment of NAFTA and its impact on increasing land freight transportation between the US, Canada, and Mexico.Top differences between EU & U.S. Truck Transport
This infographic looks at the similarities and differences in each market, along with key factors to consider as part of an overall transportation strategy that crosses regions.
Improving the Nation's Freight Transportation System
This document provides an overview of the various modes that comprise the United States freight transportation system, including highways and trucking, freight rail, shipping and ports, inland waterways, air cargo, warehouses and logistics, and pipelines. It finds that the current state of highway infrastructure does not adequately serve growing freight needs and that the Highway Trust Fund will soon be insolvent. The document also examines challenges facing freight rail, shipping and ports, inland waterways, and air cargo. It concludes that improving the efficient flow of freight across all transportation modes is critical to the US economy given the integrated nature of freight movement between different modes.
Containing the Container Nuisance
1. The document discusses the problem of empty container storage and management caused by trade imbalances between the US and China. It notes that while the US imports around 20 million containers from China annually, it only exports around 11.7 million containers back. This leaves 8.3 million empty containers in the US.
2. It provides a brief history of containerization, noting that standardized shipping containers revolutionized global trade by reducing shipping costs. However, empty containers now pose financial and environmental problems as well as issues around ownership.
3. The costs of container handling and movement are examined, showing that empty containers rack up expenses during storage, inspection, and repositioning. Maintaining the global flow of containers to minimize
Unit 2 ; Marine Cargo Management
This document discusses the influence of globalization on shipping trends, including liner trades and container markets. It provides details on liner shipping services and their benefits, including efficiency, role in the global economy, and low environmental impact compared to other modes of transportation. The summary discusses how globalization has led to new trading partnerships and shipping routes emerging as countries gained independence and new economic blocs like the EU were formed, shifting cargo flows from traditional north-south routes.
Canada Transport History
Transportation has always played an important role in Canada's history, with the construction of the railway system in the late 1800s connecting many provinces and allowing for the first transcontinental rail journey across Canada in 1885. Transportation infrastructure is necessary for Canada's development but is also very expensive, while the transportation system makes trade and business possible both within Canada and internationally but sometimes causes environmental damage.
URBAN TRANSPORTATION
This document provides a detailed report on transportation in India. It discusses the history of transportation, various modes of transportation including road, rail, air, and human/animal powered transportation. It covers the impact of transportation economically, for planning purposes, and on the environment. Key topics covered include the growth of private vehicles in urban areas, challenges of urban transportation in India, and recent government interventions in urban transportation.
Importance of shipping in international business
Shipping plays a vital role in international business by enabling the transport of goods between countries cost effectively. The demand for shipping is derived from the demand for international trade as nearly 90% of global trade by volume is carried on ships. Advances in ship size have increased economies of scale, lowering transport costs. Container ships now carry over 23,000 containers, up from 1,000 in early containerships. The Port of Colombo is a major hub, handling over 1 million TEUs of imports and 300,000 TEUs of exports annually, demonstrating Sri Lanka's importance in global trade flows.
Importance of shipping in international business.pptx
Shipping plays a vital role in international business by enabling the transport of goods between countries cost effectively. The demand for shipping is derived from the demand for international trade as nearly 90% of global trade by volume is carried on ships. Advances in ship size have increased economies of scale, lowering transport costs. Container ships now carry over 23,000 containers. Sri Lanka's strategic location has supported its role as a hub port, though the empty container problem increases costs. New digital solutions aim to better optimize container flows and reduce inefficiencies.
international logistics 3rd edition chapter 13
The document discusses various modes of international land and multi-modal transportation. It describes truck transportation and how regulations vary significantly between countries, impacting truck size and weight limits. It also discusses rail transportation, noting private ownership in the US versus public ownership abroad. Rail infrastructure like track width also varies internationally. The document then explains how intermodal transportation uses containers that can easily move between ships, trains and trucks, fueled by containerization, with 40-foot containers being most common. Specialized containers are also described for oversized, refrigerated and liquid bulk goods.
Development In Transportation
Transportation has evolved significantly over history from walking to advanced vehicles. Ancient Egyptians were the first to use sailboats on the Nile River around 3500 BC, allowing them to more easily move people and goods along the river. In Mesopotamia around the same time, the wheel was invented, which was one of the most important innovations in transportation. Railroads revolutionized transportation in the 19th century, making long-distance travel faster and enabling the development of vast railway systems around the world.
Inland Waterway Transportation (IWT) in INDIA
Inland Water Transportation is an inter-modal transportation for moving goods and passengers.
There are 14,500 km of navigable waterways in India. Out of these, about 5,700 km is navigable by mechanized vessels.
Share of IWT in transportation in India is far lower as compared with many other countries which have exploited the benefits of IWT.
The IWT modal share in Netherlands is 42%, France 15%, Hungary 15%, Germany 14%, Belgium 13% and in US 15%.
Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is the statutory authority in charge of the waterways in India. Its headquarters is located in Noida, UP. It does the function of building the necessary infrastructure in these waterways, surveying the economic feasibility of new projects and also administration.
National Waterways come under purview of Central Government and Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), whereas other waterways are under the control of the state governments.
Transportation
ROADWAYS
WATERWAYS
AIRWAYS
Transportation means movement of passenger by vehicle on road,by ship in water,by aircraft in air
World sea transportation
The international shipping industry transports around 90% of global trade by sea. Shipping is vital for international trade and transporting bulk goods and affordable imports/exports globally. The shipping industry continues to expand with over 50,000 merchant ships registered in over 150 countries and manned by over 1 million seafarers. Major ports include Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Busan, Ningbo-Zhoushan, and Shenzhen. Types of vessels include bulk carriers, oil tankers, container ships, and roll-on/roll-off ships. Charter agreements allow shipowners to hire out vessels to charterers.
Transportation
This document discusses the relationship between transportation, economics, and the environment. It provides an overview of different modes of transportation including land, water, air, and pipelines. It describes the economic importance of transportation in facilitating industry, trade, and economic growth. However, it also notes that transportation contributes significantly to environmental problems like air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, habitat loss, and resource consumption. Maintaining an efficient transportation system is important for economic development but must be balanced with minimizing environmental impacts.
Transportation is a pervasive and very important pa.pdf
Transportation is a pervasive and very important part of all developed economies and
is a key ingredient for underdeveloped countries to progress to economic development and
independence.
• The history of the United States is replete with evidence of the close correlation of
advances in transportation technology with our advancing economic development from the Erie
Canal to our modern highways and air systems.
• Transportation systems are the lifelines of cities and the surrounding suburbs. Tons of
products are moved into cities every day to promote the health and welfare of its citizens. Also,
products which are produced in the cities are moved out for shipment elsewhere.
• Transportation contributes to the value of goods by providing time and place utility.
That is, effective and efficient transportation moves products to points where there is a demand
for the product and at a time when it is needed.
• Geographic and labor specialization are important cornerstones of industrialized countries and
transportation provides one of the necessary ingredients for this to occur.
• The more efficient the transportation system, the greater the possibility of scale
economies and increased market areas.
• Improved transportation in an area will usually increase land values because of the
improved accessibility to raw materials and markets.
• The flow and patterns for commerce influence transportation infrastructure patterns of
developing countries.
• Transportation expenditures for freight and passengers are an important part of the
gross domestic product in the United States.
• While transportation provides many benefits, it can also contribute to environmental
problems including pollution, poor air quality, acid rain, and global climate changes.
QUESTIONS
1. There is much discussion on the local, state, and federal levels about the need to repair and
improve the Interstate Highway System. Provide a rationale for this need.
2. “Transportation is the most important economic factor for economic development.” Do you
agree or disagree with this statement? Why or why not?
3. The opening of the Erie Canal and the building of the transcontinental railroads in the 19th
century were described as significant milestones for the economic development in the United
States. Explain their importance individually and collectively.
4. The highways and other transportation networks that serve major metropolitan areas are
frequently described as the lifelines of the metropolitan area. Do you agree with this statement?
Why or why not?
5. Compare and contrast time and place utility, and explain how they contribute to the value of
products. What is the importance of time and place utility in our global economy?
Solution
1. The discussion on repair and improve federal highways is very much evident from increasing
transportation costs in US and detoriating condition of traffic in the country. US government
need to understand that improving transporation would not only releave .
Transportation
Transportation is the movement of products from one node in the distribution channel to another.
Types of transportation are explained in detail in the presentation
Persuasive Essay On Hyper 1940
Here is a Porter's Five Forces analysis of the airline industry:
Introduction: Porter's Five Forces analysis is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development. It draws attention to five key forces that shape every industry and helps determine the strengths and weaknesses of a company's competitive position. This analysis will examine the airline industry using Porter's Five Forces model.
Threat of New Entrants: The airline industry has high barriers to entry due to large capital requirements for aircraft, maintenance facilities, and airport operations. However, the threat of new entrants is moderate as new budget/low-cost carriers continue to emerge. Established airlines also face competition from new entrants in adjacent industries like rail.
Threat of Substit
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- 2. Concentration of Railroads in Select Countries One way in which goods are transported is by train. Some nations’ communities are much more interconnected by trains than others.
- 3. Concentration of Roadways in Select Countries Roadways are also important in the transport of goods. Small, densely populated nations have the most roadways per 1,000 square kilometers.
- 4. Road Traffic in National Territory: Cars Yet the concentration of roadways is not the sole determinant of transport. The United States may have less roadways per 1,000 kilometers than other countries because of its many open expanses, but its roadways are traveled much more heavily.
- 5. Road Traffic in National Territory: Goods Vehicles The United States is so large and its communities so numerous and so spread out that its road networks are used much more than in European countries for the transportation of goods.
- 6. Amount of Goods and Distance Traveled In fact, America has so many goods to transport, that it relies on its limited concentration of railways as well.
- 7. Top Twenty Merchant Fleets of the World: Ships Goods are also often transported via ships. Some countries, for historical geographical, or economic reasons, own more ships than others.
- 8. Top Twenty Merchant Fleets of the World: Tons While some nations own more ships, other countries have larger ships or use their ships with greater efficiency so that they are able to transport more goods. A ranking based on tonnage transported by sea is shown below.
- 9. Air Transport: Goods Air is a relatively more recent way in which goods are transported around the world. In just two months 4.8 million metric tons of freight and mail were loaded and unloaded at the following 23 airports.
- 10. Air Transport: People Airplanes are also frequently used to transport people. The following airports had the most passenger traffic during early 2003.