The Biggest Invention of the 21st Century in Green Energy - An Alternative to Solar Cell & Fuel Cell "Unique Revolution in Green Electricity" - Hydroelectric Cell !!!

1. Dr. R. K. Kotnala, FNASC, FIGU
Sigma Xi, Elected Member as an exceptional contributor to the research community,
The Scientific Research Honor Society (ΣΞ),USA,world's largest honor society for Scientists
and Engineers.
Chairman, NABL (National Accreditation Board of T&C Labs)
Raja Ramanna Fellow, DAE, Department of Atomic Energy,
Fellow Elected-National Academy of Sciences, India; Fellow Elected IGU
Outstanding Academician-APAM, Asia Pacific Academy of Materials
Associate Editor, J.Appl Physics (American Institute of Physics) 2014-18 USA.
Associate Editor, IET Science, Measurement & Technology: London, U.K.,
Associate Editor, J. of Physics – Parmana, IAS, Bangalore,
Head (former), Environmental Sciences & Biomedical Metrology Division
Chief Scientist(Ex); NPL. National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi.
President, SSV, Society for Scientific Values,
President, SEAP, Society for Environment Awareness & Protection.
The Biggest Invention of the 21st Century in Green
Energy - An Alternative to Solar Cell & Fuel Cell
"Pride of India" - Hydroelectric Cell !!!

2. Dedicated to Scientific Fraternity
on World Metrology Day 20.05.2021
Hydroelectric Cell Basics- Green
Energy Device.
Dr R K Kotnala & Dr Jyoti Shah.

3. 3
Clean energy production is also one of the most
important source to keep environment clean
Volta Cell (Galvanic Cell) invented in 1800.
Dry cell invented in 1886.
Lead-Acid Battery invented in 1859.
Solar Cell invented in 1954.
Lithium-ion Battery invented in 1991.
Hydroelectric Cell invented in 2016.
21st Century Invention
Hydroelectric Cell

4. INVENTION OF HYDROELECTRIC CELL
A Boon for Masses: Green Energy Source
Dr. R.K. Kotnala & Dr. Jyoti Shah from CSIR-NPL have invented an energy
source, coined as “Hydroelectric Cell”, which produces electricity from water
droplets using no acid/alkali/UV/temperature. This invention is exceptional.
Societal Impact for Rural Region
Energy from splitting of water has opened a
new class of revolutionary research in the field
of green energy. Hydroelectric cell can be used
in a wide variety of consumer products
especially in Rural Area.
Replacement for:
• Solar cell
• Fuel cell
• Batteries &
Other power
backups

5. H2 O2
H2O
Revolutionary path
breaking invention
of the green energy
device Hydroelectric
Cell. HEC, is an
alternative to Solar
cell & Fuel Cell for
Masses. HEC
represents the most
versatile green
energy solution ever
invented.
Hydroelectric cell dissociate water
molecules into ions at
room temperature without using
any external energy to generate
electricity, which is one of the best
options as an eco-friendly and
pollution free green energy device
invention of 21stcentury. Sprinkling
of a few drops of water on
Hydroelectric Cell generates
electricity spontaneously without
use of any acid/alkali/light on it.

6. 6
• Pride of Scientific Fraternity: Path Breaking Invention from India
• Offers safe, clean, low cost, reliable power generation
• Useful by-products (H2 gas as clean energy & Zn(OH)2 nanoparticles for
industries)
• Portable (Easy to carry)
• Uses few drops of water as fuel
• Environment friendly
• Safe for human health
• Green Energy Source Made in India
• Alternative to Solar and Fuel Cell
Salient Features of Hydroelectric Cell

7. 7
REI Award, News & Book Series Chapter on HEC
Comprehensive Energy Systems
Series Vol-2
(Elsevier Publications) Feb 2018.
Edited by Dr. Ibrahim Dincer
Energy Materials Section, Chapter-2.8
Magnetic Materials: Hydroelectric Cell
[ENSY-219]
By
R K Kotnala, Jyoti Shah
• Hydroelectric Cell principle
validated for 27 compounds
Ferrite, Multiferroic, Metal
Oxides, Composites etc.

8. 8
1. Green hydroelectrical energy source based on water dissociation by nanoporous ferrite, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 40, issue 11, 2016.
2. Rapid green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by hydroelectric cell without using any electrolyte, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 108 , 15–20, 2017.
3. A Facile Non-Photocatalytic Technique for Hydrogen Gas Production by Hydroelectric Cell, International J. of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 42, issue 42, 2017.
4. Environment Friendly Mesoporous Magnetite Nanoparticles Based Hydroelectric Cell, Journal of Physical Chemistry C: .Feb 2018, 122 (11).
5. Editorial R K Kotnala , Invention of Hydroelectric Cell: A Green Energy Groundbreaking Revolution in Journal of Physics Research and Applications, Issue 1, Vol. 2, 2018.
6. Metal Oxide Based Hydroelectric Cell for Electricity Generation by Water Molecule Dissociation without Electrolyte/Acid, Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 122 (33) 2018.
7. Significance of Interface Barrier at Electrode of Hematite Hydroelectric Cell for Generating Eco-power by Water Splitting , International Journal of Energy Research, Vol 43 Issue 9, 2019.
8. Novel Application of Multiferroic Compound for Green Electricity Generation Fabricated as Hydroelectric Ce J. Materials Physics & Chemistry Vol 239, 2019.
9. Nickel substituted oxygen deficient nanoporous lithium ferrite based green energy device hydroelectric cell, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol 827, 2020.
10. Fabrication of a SnO2-Based Hydroelectric Cell for Green Energy Production, Vol. 5, Issue 18, ACS Omega, 2020.
11. Electricity Generation by Splitting of Water from Hydroelectric Cell-An Alternative to Solar Cell and Fuel Cell, International J of Energy Research, 44 (14), 11111-11134.
12. Defect-mediated ionic hopping and green electricity generation in Al 2− x Mg x O 3-based hydroelectric cell, Journal of Materials Science, 1-12, 2020.
13. Hydroelectric Cell Based on a Cerium Oxide-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide (CeO2–rG) Nanocomposite Generates Green Electricity by Room-Temperature Water Splitting, Energy &
Fuels 34 (10), 13067-13078, 2020.
14. An efficient green energy production by Li-doped Fe3O4 hydroelectric cell, Renewable Energy 162, 1952-1957, 2020.
15. Water Splitting on the Mesoporous Surface and Oxygen Vacancies of Iron Oxide Generates Electricity by Hydroelectric Cell, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 123981, 2020.
US Patent US 20160285121 A1
Indian Patent # 792/DEL/2015
Research Paper on HEC Published from the group in International Peer Reviewed Journals
R. K. Kotnala and Jyoti Shah, Book Chapter 2.8, Magnetic Materials, pp 223-230, Comprehensive Energy Systems 1st Edition, Edited by Ibrahim Dincer, Elsevier
Publications 21 Feb.2018.
Elsevier : Comprehensive Energy System Vol Book Chapter
TodayHydroelectric Cell isin the top17% ofarticles in Wikipedia,
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroelectric_cell&oldid=966881095
1. US Patent 9,671,359 on” RESISTIVE TYPE POROUS MAGNESIUM FERRITE HUMIDITY SENSOR” 2017.
2. Humidity sensing exclusively by physisorption of water vapors on magnesium ferrite, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 171, 2012, 832-837.
3. Colossal humidoresistance in ceria added magnesium ferrite thin film by pulsed laser deposition , Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 181, 2013, 402-409.
4. Humidity sensing exclusively by physisorption of water vapors on magnesium ferrite, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 171, 832-837, 2012.
5. Linear Resistivity Response with Relative Humidity of Gd-doped Magnesium Ferrite, Sensors & Transducer, 44, 9, 2012, 143-152.
6. Significant increase in humidity sensing characteristics of Praseodymium doped Magnesium ferrite, Sensors and Actuators A, 167, 2011, 332–337.
7. Influence of annealing on humidity response of RF sputtered nanocrystalline MgFe2O4 thin films, Thin Solid Films, 2011, 519, 18.
8. Study of humidity sensing property of LiCe substituted magnesium ferrite,, Sensor Letters 2009, 7 (1-6): 1051-1056.
9. Humidity response of Li-substituted magnesium ferrite. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical. 2008 ; 129 (2): 909.
10. Microstructure Dependent Humidity Sensitivity of Porous MgFe2O4- CeO2 Ceramic. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical. 2007, 128 (1): 306
Research Paper on Magnesium Ferrite as Humidity Sensor Published in International Peer Reviewed Journals by Dr. Kotnala et al

9. 9
Water molecule dissociated by Li-magnesium ferrite was collected by taking electrode
pairs zinc and silver. Water molecule dissociation occurred spontaneously on ferrite
surface of the pellet. Water molecule dissociated at interface of ferrite pellet and zinc
foil immediately oxidizes the zinc into zinc hydroxide by releasing two electrons.
oxidation reaction occurring at Zn electrode as:
Schematic diagram of working hydroelectric cell
Working of Hydroelectric Cell
At Li-MgFe2O4:
Eoxd = -0.76V.
Ered = +0.22V.
At Zn electrode:
At Ag electrode:
Total Cell Potential:
0.22V+0.76V =0.98V

10. 10
Nyquist plot of hydroelectric cell in dry and in wet with water showing low frequency tail due
to H3O+ ion diffusion and high frequency capacitive tail due to formation of passive film
Zn(OH)2 at Zn anode.

11. 11
In 2015 a single LED glow by 4 sets of
initial Hydroelectric cells in Dark Room
In 2018 a LED Torch glow by 6
compact set of Hydroelectric cells

12. 12
pollution free electrical energy source researched extensively, but
with a minimal success
Top Universities/Institutes working for last 60 years on photo-
catalytic (UV) process to generate Hydrogen gas by water molecule
splitting
A highly sophisticated technique using jumping water droplet from
super hydrophobic surface to hydrophilic surface used to generate
pico-watt power generation (APL 2014, 105, 013111)
Cement electrolyte mould investigated to generate very low current
0.1 mA by using water (Mat Sci Eng 2015, 96, 012073)
Graphene oxide based battery of 0.1 cm2 area at 70 %RH (relative
humidity) demonstrated to produce maximum 2 μW power in
presence of electrolyte (Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 15173)
World-wide efforts on Innovative Sources of Electricity
Generation using Water

13. 13
(i) Comparative performance of different water based energy sources and (ii) Progress in hydroelectric cells output.

14. 14
COMPARISON TABLE
As Green Energy Source
FUEL CELL
Disposal of HEC after Usage
is Biocompatible
A Huge Electronic & toxic
Waste
Parameters of Cells HEC SOLAR
Output Voltage
Current
Availability
Cost - Capital
Cost - Running
Disposal Issue after use
0.98 V 0.60 V
20 mA/cm2 25 mA/cm2
24 hrs / 365days 8 hrs / 180 days
Low High
Low Low

15. 15
Pollution Free Low Cost Energy Device as a better Alternative
to Solar Cell & Storage Batteries.
MOBILE POWERNEED
STORAGEBATTERIESLEAD TORANGE
ANXIETY
LEADER IN ELECTRIC CELL TO
DISCONNECTEDUSE AND MOBILITY
INDUSTRY
ACROSSINDUSTRIES

16. 16
Cleanest Fuel Hydrogen - Hydroelectric Cell Generates
• Hydrogen is the cleanest fuel that produces only water when
burn with oxygen.
• It has the highest energy content nearly three times that of
gasoline by weight.
• Highly pure hydrogen gas 99.99% has been generated
commercially by expensive and sophisticated techniques like
electrolysis, photo-biosynthesis, photo-electro-catalysis and
thermo-chemical etc.
In Reverse Mode Hydrogen Generation Experimental Set-up using
Hydroelectric Cell - A High Purity Hydrogen is Generated !!!

17. 17
Hydroelectric
Cells
Power Source
Hydrogen Gas
Collection
Inverted Water Filled
Measuring Cylinder
Laboratory Scale Setup
Reverse Mode Hydrogen Generation Experimental Set-up using
Hydroelectric Cell

18. 18
Thanks for Your Kind Attention