World’s largest telescope, Aperture Spherical Telescope or FAST began operations from China’s Ghinzou
Province.
About
Measuring 500 metres in diameter, the telescope is stationed in a natural basin in the county of Pintang.
It took five years and an investment of $180 million to complete.
The telescope surpasses the 300 meter Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico.
The telescope would search for signals from stars and galaxies as well as extra-terrestrial life.
The project demonstrates China’s rising ambitions in space.
Facts important for Prelims
A telescope is an optical instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by
collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).
The big lens in the telescope (objective lens) collects much more light than your eye can from a distant
object and focuses the light to a point (the focal point) inside the telescope
A smaller lens (eyepiece lens) takes the bright light from the focal point and magnifies it so that it uses
more of your retina.
Since Mars was discovered, mankind has been interested in this planet. Many people find that saving humanity depends on the colonization of the Red Planet. Here are 10 interesting facts about the Mars.
Since Mars was discovered, mankind has been interested in this planet. Many people find that saving humanity depends on the colonization of the Red Planet. Here are 10 interesting facts about the Mars.
Taking as reference the Drake equation, which estimates a small number of civilizations, under very specific characteristics, it appears that at present there is
insufficient data to solve this equation. However, the scientific community has accepted its relevance as a first theoretical approach to the problem, and several researchers have used as a tool to raise different scenarios, which will explore a specific in this assay, mixed with some science fiction.
this is the exploration of mars with everything including videos
the topics are :
-About Mars
-Atmosphere and surface on Mars
-The Largest Volcano on Mars
- The Seasons on Mars
-Mars, the god of War
-The First Rover
-Mars Exploration Rovers
-Future Exploration of Mars
-and videos
Taking as reference the Drake equation, which estimates a small number of civilizations, under very specific characteristics, it appears that at present there is
insufficient data to solve this equation. However, the scientific community has accepted its relevance as a first theoretical approach to the problem, and several researchers have used as a tool to raise different scenarios, which will explore a specific in this assay, mixed with some science fiction.
this is the exploration of mars with everything including videos
the topics are :
-About Mars
-Atmosphere and surface on Mars
-The Largest Volcano on Mars
- The Seasons on Mars
-Mars, the god of War
-The First Rover
-Mars Exploration Rovers
-Future Exploration of Mars
-and videos
The 12 biggest objects in the universe presented in a 5 inch screen, how crazy is that?. Be amazed of what the universe holds, be ready to blow your minds.
Space telescopes (2/3) - NASA's Active Orbiting SatellitesSteven Belaire
The second of a 3 part series exploring currently active space telescopes. This installment covers NASA's active orbiting satellites (excluding solar telescopes).
Top 10 Biggest Telescopes in the World | CIO Women Magazine.pdfCIOWomenMagazine
Here are the top 10 biggest telescopes in the world; 1. Gran Telescopic Canarias (GTC) 2. Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) 3. Keck Telescope 4. South African Large Telescope (SALT) 5. Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) 6. Subaru Telescope 7. Very Large Telescope (VLT) 8. Gemini North and South 9. MMT Observatory 10. Magellan 1 & 2
ADITYA-L1 MISSION THE FIRST OBSERVATORY-CLASS SPACE-BASED SOLAR MISSION FROM ...Sérgio Sacani
Our Sun is the nearest star and the
largest object in the solar system. The
estimated age of sun is about 4.5 billion
years. It is a hot glowing ball of hydrogen
and helium gases. The distance to the
sun from the earth is about 150 million
kilometres, and is the source of energy
for our solar system. Without the solar
energy the life on earth, as we know, can
not exist. The gravity of the sun holds all
the objects of the solar system together.
At the central region of the sun, known
as ‘core’, the temperature can reach as
high as 15 million degree Celsius. At this
temperature, a process called nuclear
fusion takes place in the core which
powers the sun. The visible surface of the
sun known as photosphere is relatively
cool and has temperature of about
5,500°C.
THE GREAT INVENTIONS FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE UNIVERSE AND ...Faga1939
This article aims to present the great inventions that are contributing to the advancement of knowledge about the Universe throughout history represented by the telescope, the space rocket, the artificial satellite, the space capsule, the space station and the space probe, among which rovers stand out and to point out the scientific and technological advances that need to be developed to provide the conditions for humanity to colonize celestial bodies in the solar system and outside it and overcome the threats to its existence from outer space. The inventions that may occur in the future will be fundamental to enable the increase of knowledge about the Universe in order to contribute towards humanity being able to overcome the threats to its existence represented by the collision on planet Earth of bodies coming from outer space (comets, asteroids, planets of the solar system and orphan planets), by the emission of cosmic rays, especially gamma rays with the explosion of supernova stars, by the continuous distancing of the Moon in relation to the Earth, by the death of the Sun, by the collision of the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies and by the end of the Universe.
The Solar System an volume of Space defined by the influence of the Sun gravity. It is extra-ordinary complex considered the type and the number of objects that circulate around the Sun. Our knowledge about the Solar System exploded as we started sending spacecrafts at the second half of the twentieth century. This is just a slideshow describing the major objects within the Solar System. 25 Sept 2021
Puzzle set 1 moderate level related to Bank PO/Clerk/SO exams. This is level 2 and set 1 , you will get very soon the next set of puzzle hwith hard level.
IBPS PO PRE-MEMORY BASED -2017 Seating arrangement (Reasoning) Questions Ans...Competitive Exam Forum
IBPS PO PRE-MEMORY BASED -2017
Seating arrangement (Reasoning) Questions Answers.
Directions (11-15): Study the following information and answer the given questions:
A, B, C, D, E, F, G & H are eight friends and sitting around a circular table but not necessarily in same order. Some of them
are facing inside and some of them are facing outside. A sits third to right of H. There is two people sits between H and
B. C sits second to left of B. There is three people sits between B and E. D is second to left of F, who is not immediate
neighbor of A. Immediate neighbours of H faces same direction as H. F sits third to left of A, who faces centre. The
immediate neighbors of A face opposite to the direction of A.
IBPS PO PRE-MEMORY BASED -2017 Inequality (Reasoning) Questions AnswersCompetitive Exam Forum
IBPS PO PRE-MEMORY BASED -2017
Inequality (Reasoning) Questions Answers.
Directions (6-10): In these questions, a relationship between different elements is shown in the statements. The
statements are followed by two conclusions. Give answer
(a) If only conclusion I is true.
(b) If only conclusion II is true.
(c) If either conclusion I or II is true.
(d) If neither conclusion I nor II is true.
(e) If both conclusions I and II are true.
China has started the construction of two-phase Ngari wave observatory in Ngari territory of Tibet close to
Indian border, which will house world’s highest altitude Gravitational Wave Telescope.
The main aim of this project is to find more about the Big Bang theory which is about the birth and
configuration of the cosmos.
About
Phase 1 of the project consists of a telescope located at 5250m above sea level and expected to be
operational by 2021.
It will be able to detect and gather data on gravitational waves in northern hemisphere.
Phase 2 consists of series of telescopes to be constructed at 6000m above sea level and will expand the
observation frequency band to improve accuracy.
Ngari is one of the world’s best spot because of high altitude, clear skies and minimum human activity
ISRO is planning to deploy a rover on the lunar surface in the Chandrayaan-2 mission.
About
After reaching the 100 km lunar orbit, the Lander, containing the Rover, will separate from the Orbiter.
The Lander then will soft land on the lunar surface at a specified site and deploy a Rover.
The six-wheeled Rover will move around the landing site insemi-autonomous mode as decided by the ground commands.
The instruments on the rover will observe the lunar surface and send back data useful for analysis of the lunar soil.
Collection of soil and rock sediments is not planned in this mission
PSLV-C37, ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle has successfully launched the 714 kg Cartosat-2 Series
Satellite along with 103 co-passenger satellites.
About
The total weight of all the 104 satellites carried on-boardPSLV-C37 was 1378 kg.
This was the thirty eighth consecutively successful mission of PSLV.
International customer satellites from USA (96) and one each from The Netherlands, Switzerland, Israel,
Kazakhstan and UAE were also carried among co-passenger satellites.
Prelims facts
Cartosat- 2 series is India's indigenously built earth observation satellite
Russian Space Agency held a record of launching 37 satellites in one go during its mission in June 2014.
India previously launched 23 satellites in a single mission in June 2015.
China;s Pulsar Satelite (V-1), India's first private mission to moon, Resourc...Competitive Exam Forum
This is the most important point of Science and Tech based on current affairs.
China recently launched a satellite into space to detect signs of pulsars.
About
The satellite operates in a Sun-synchronous orbit and will conduct in-orbit experiments using pulsar
detectors to demonstrate new technologies.
It was carried by a Long March-11 rocket, the 239th flight mission by a Long March carrier rocket series.
Prelims facts
A pulsar (short for pulsating radio star) is a highly magnetized, rotating neutron star that emits a beam of
electromagnetic radiation.
Neutron stars are very dense, and have short, regular rotational periods.
This produces a very precise interval between pulses that range roughly from milliseconds to seconds for
an individual pulsar.
A Sun-synchronous orbital so called a helio-synchronous orbit is a geocentric orbit that combines altitude
and inclination in such a way that the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's surface at the
same local solar time.
In this article we have explained about the Types of electoral system and Indian electoral system also. There are three Plurality, Majority and Proportional representation system.
In this article Shahid has explained about the Preamble and its Values. We the people of India having solemnly resolve to constitute India into a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic and secure to all its citizens.
In this article Mohammad Shahid has explained about GSAT 18 SATTELITE, GSLV & INSAT 3DR AND ROSETTA MISSION.
ISRO’s GSLV F05 spacecraft has successfully placed INSAT 3DR satellite into a Geostationary Transfer Orbit
(GTO) which will station in geosynchronous orbit.
About INSAT-3DR:
It is an advanced weather satellite to provide a variety of meteorological services to the country.
It will provide imaging in Middle Infrared band to provide night time pictures of low clouds and fog.
It can also provide Imaging in two Thermal Infrared bands for estimation of Sea Surface Temperature
(SST) with better accuracy.
About GSLV F05:
It was the tenth flight of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle.
This is the third successful launch with the indigenous cryogenic engine in GSLV.
It is a three-staged vehicle and cryogenic engine is used in the third and final stage.
GSLVs are used to carry heavy satellites (usually 2 to 2.5 tonnes) into Geostationary Transfer Orbit.
Here are we have mention about the Nobel prize winner for 2017.
1. Crash Course on Indian Polity for IAS 2018: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=... 2. (HINDI) Crash Course on Indian Polity for IAS 2018: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=...
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
2. World largest telescope
World’s largest telescope, Aperture Spherical Telescope or FAST began operations from China’s Ghinzou
Province.
About
Measuring 500 metres in diameter, the telescope is stationed in a natural basin in the county of Pintang.
It took five years and an investment of $180 million to complete.
The telescope surpasses the 300 meter Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico.
The telescope would search for signals from stars and galaxies as well as extra-terrestrial life.
The project demonstrates China’s rising ambitions in space.
Facts important for Prelims
A telescope is an optical instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by
collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light).
The big lens in the telescope (objective lens) collects much more light than your eye can from a distant
object and focuses the light to a point (the focal point) inside the telescope
A smaller lens (eyepiece lens) takes the bright light from the focal point and magnifies it so that it uses
more of your retina.
3.
4. Tiangong-2
Tianzhou-1 is now on track to dock with the
Tiangong-2 space laboratory, or "Heavenly
Palace 2," where two
astronauts spent a month last October in China's
longest-ever crewed spaceflight.
That crewed mission, called Shenzhou-11, lasted
33 days.
5.
6. About
It is a space lab of china which was launched recently.
It is part of an ambitious plan, stretched along several phases, to establish a manned
space station around 2022.
It will be used for testing systems and processes for midterm space stays and
refuelling.
It will house experiments in medicine and various space related technologies.
Prelims facts
China’s first space station Tiangong 1 was launched in 2011 and went out of service
earlier this year.
Tainzhou-1 is China’s first cargo ship which will be docked with Tianwgong-2, in order
to provide it with fuel and other supplies. Tainzhou-1 will lift-off in April 2017.
7. NASA’S BILI
NASA has developed a new instrument that could search for signatures of life on Mars.
About
NASA will be using BILI- Bio Indicator Lidar Instrument, fluorescence based remote sensing instrument.
It is similar to radar in principle and operation but instead of using radio waves.
It uses light to detect and ultimately analyze the composition of particles in the atmosphere.
Positioned on a rover’s mast, BILI would first detect dust plumes.
Once detected, two ultraviolet lasers from the instrument would pulse light at the dust.
The illumination would cause the particles inside these dust clouds to resonate or fluorescence.
By analyzing the fluorescence, scientist could determine whether the organic particles in the dust have
been created recently or in the past.
BILI can detect small levels of complex organic materials from a distance of several hundred metres.
Therefore, it could detect bio-signatures in plumes above recurring slopes – even the areas that are not
easily accessible by a rover.
Also, it could do ground-level aerosol analysis from afar. This reduces the chances of contamination of sample.
BILI’s measurements do not require consumables other than electric power and can be conducted over a
broad area.
8.
9. Facts important for Prelims
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System,
after Mercury.
Named after the Roman god of war, it is often referred to as the Red Planet because the iron
oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance.
Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of
the impact
craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.
The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the
tilt that
produces the seasons.
Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These may
be
captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.
Liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars due to low atmospheric pressure, which is
about 6/ 1000 that of the Earth’s, except at the lowest elevations for short periods.
Mars can easily be seen from Earth with the naked eye, as can its reddish colouring.
Missions to Mars
10. ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. Mars orbiter and lander (ESA)
MAVEN. Mars orbiter (NASA)
Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) Mars orbiter (ISRO)
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. In orbit at Mars (NASA)
Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity.
Mars Express and Beagle 2.
2001 Mars Odyssey.
ExoMars Rover.
