International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)Vishal Gupta
Objectives of International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
Goals of International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Organization Structure of International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
The Board of Governors
Executive Board
Organization Structure
Country Representation
The IMF is one of most influential International Financial Institution committed for the reducing global poverty by meeting the challenges and opportunities of globalization. Hence, It urges on its member countries continued cooperation on transparent monetary and economic policies, honest government, and the establishment of rule of law. Although the IMF has been contributing to the economic development of developing countries including Bangladesh, we need to deeply examine the recommendations before accept the Fund’s assistance because of some controversial events has arisen before.
IFC
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset management services to encourage private sector development in developing countries.The IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established on July 20, 1956 as the private sector arm of the World Bank Group to advance economic development by investing in strictly for-profit and commercial projects that purport to reduce poverty and promote development.The IFC's stated aim is to create opportunities for people to escape poverty and achieve better living standards by mobilizing financial resources for private enterprise, promoting accessible and competitive markets, supporting businesses and other private sector entities, and creating jobs and delivering necessary services to those who are poverty-stricken or otherwise vulnerable. Since 2009, the IFC has focused on a set of development goals that its projects are expected to target. Its goals are to increase sustainable agriculture opportunities, improve health and education, increase access to financing for microfinance and business clients, advance infrastructure, help small businesses grow revenues, and invest in climate health.
The IFC is owned and governed by its member countries (184), but has its own executive leadership and staff that conduct its normal business operations. It is a corporation whose shareholders are member governments that provide paid-in capital and which have the right to vote on its matters.Originally more financially integrated with the World Bank Group, the IFC was established separately and eventually became authorized to operate as a financially autonomous entity and make independent investment decisions.It offers an array of debt and equity financing services and helps companies face their risk exposures, while refraining from participating in a management capacity. The corporation also offers advice to companies on making decisions, evaluating their impact on the environment and society, and being responsible.It advises governments on building infrastructure and partnerships to further support private sector development. The IFC is governed by its Board of Governors which meets annually and consists of one governor per member country.Each member typically appoints one governor and also one alternate.[ International Finance Corporation (2010). IFC Annual Report 2010: Where Innovation Meets Impact (Report). World Bank Group. Retrieved 2012-06-09.] Although corporate authority rests with the Board of Governors, the governors delegate most of their corporate powers and their authority over daily matters such as lending and business operations to the Board of Directors.The IFC's Board of Directors consists of 25 executive directors who meet regularly and work at the IFC's headquarters, and is chaired by the President of the World Bank Group.
The World Bank Group is one of the world’s largest sources of funding and knowledge for developing countries. Its five institutions share a commitment to reducing poverty, increasing shared prosperity, and promoting sustainable development.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)Vishal Gupta
Objectives of International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
Goals of International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Organization Structure of International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
The Board of Governors
Executive Board
Organization Structure
Country Representation
The IMF is one of most influential International Financial Institution committed for the reducing global poverty by meeting the challenges and opportunities of globalization. Hence, It urges on its member countries continued cooperation on transparent monetary and economic policies, honest government, and the establishment of rule of law. Although the IMF has been contributing to the economic development of developing countries including Bangladesh, we need to deeply examine the recommendations before accept the Fund’s assistance because of some controversial events has arisen before.
IFC
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset management services to encourage private sector development in developing countries.The IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States. It was established on July 20, 1956 as the private sector arm of the World Bank Group to advance economic development by investing in strictly for-profit and commercial projects that purport to reduce poverty and promote development.The IFC's stated aim is to create opportunities for people to escape poverty and achieve better living standards by mobilizing financial resources for private enterprise, promoting accessible and competitive markets, supporting businesses and other private sector entities, and creating jobs and delivering necessary services to those who are poverty-stricken or otherwise vulnerable. Since 2009, the IFC has focused on a set of development goals that its projects are expected to target. Its goals are to increase sustainable agriculture opportunities, improve health and education, increase access to financing for microfinance and business clients, advance infrastructure, help small businesses grow revenues, and invest in climate health.
The IFC is owned and governed by its member countries (184), but has its own executive leadership and staff that conduct its normal business operations. It is a corporation whose shareholders are member governments that provide paid-in capital and which have the right to vote on its matters.Originally more financially integrated with the World Bank Group, the IFC was established separately and eventually became authorized to operate as a financially autonomous entity and make independent investment decisions.It offers an array of debt and equity financing services and helps companies face their risk exposures, while refraining from participating in a management capacity. The corporation also offers advice to companies on making decisions, evaluating their impact on the environment and society, and being responsible.It advises governments on building infrastructure and partnerships to further support private sector development. The IFC is governed by its Board of Governors which meets annually and consists of one governor per member country.Each member typically appoints one governor and also one alternate.[ International Finance Corporation (2010). IFC Annual Report 2010: Where Innovation Meets Impact (Report). World Bank Group. Retrieved 2012-06-09.] Although corporate authority rests with the Board of Governors, the governors delegate most of their corporate powers and their authority over daily matters such as lending and business operations to the Board of Directors.The IFC's Board of Directors consists of 25 executive directors who meet regularly and work at the IFC's headquarters, and is chaired by the President of the World Bank Group.
The World Bank Group is one of the world’s largest sources of funding and knowledge for developing countries. Its five institutions share a commitment to reducing poverty, increasing shared prosperity, and promoting sustainable development.
Finance Function,Different types of Accounts for NRI, Methods of IN Trade , D...Mohammed Jasir PV
Finance Function: Financial Institutions in International Trade. Non-resident Accounts: Repatriable and Non Repatriable, Significance for the Economy and Bank. -- Methods of IN Trade Settlement: Open Account, Clean Advance, Documentary Credit, Documentary Collection. - Documentary Credits (Letter of Credit): Types of LC – Parties, Mechanism with illustration
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or World Bank.pdfBhanuSharma161525
The International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is a development bank administered by the World Bank. The IBRD offers financial products and policy advice to countries aiming to reduce poverty and promote sustainable development.The International Bank of Reconstruction and Development is a cooperative owned by 189 member countries.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
The International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is one of two major institutions that make up the World Bank.
The IBRD advises countries that are interested in limiting poverty and enabling sustainable development.
Its main focus is on providing financing and economic policy advice to help the leaders of middle-income countries navigate the path toward greater prosperity.History of the IBRD
The IBRD was founded in anticipation of the end of World War II, during the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944, a gathering of the 44 Allied Nations of the Second World War meant to establish the post-war global financial order. Along with establishing a new global monetary policy regime, the Bretton Woods Conference was also where the International Monetary Fund and the IBRD were formed.
The first loan ever issued by the International Bank Of Reconstruction and Development was to the government of France, to help finance the reconstruction of critical infrastructure. Following the reconstruction of Europe, the IBRD shifted its focus to promoting economic development in other parts of the world.
INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (IBRD) ®IONAL DEVEL...Aman Dwivedi
INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (IBRD)
&
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANK
(RDB)
FUNCTIONS OF IBRD
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
WORLD BANK GROUP
ACTIVITIES BY IBRD
IBRD SERVICES
BIGGEST GLOBAL CHALLENGES FOR IBRD
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANK (RDB)
OTHER FOCUS AREAS
PURPOSE OF REGIONAL DEVELPOMENT BANKS
AREAS OF WORK
ROLE OF RDB’S IN INDIA
SOME RDB PARTICIPATING BANK IN INDIA
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
2. WORLD BANK
• The World Bank is a component of the World bank group.
• The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides financial
and technical assistance to developing countries for development programs
(Example: construction of bridges, roads, schools etc.)with the stated goal of
reducing poverty.
• World bank provides low-interest loans, interest-free credit and grants to
developing countries. Unlike other financial institutions, world bank does not
operate for profit.
• It comprises two institutions: the international bank for reconstruction and
development (IBRD), and the international development association(IDA).
3. About world bank
• Motto: Working for a World Free of Poverty.
• Formation: July 1945; 73 years ago
• Type: Monetary International Financial
Organization
• Headquarters: Washington, D.C., U.S.
• Membership: 189 countries (IBRD)
173 countries (IDA)
• Key people: Jim Yong Kim (President)
• Parent organization: World Bank Group
4. History
• The world bank was created at the 1944 Bretton woods conference along with the
international monetary fund (IMF).
• The conference, formally known as the united nations monetary and financial
conference, was the gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 allied nations at the mount
Washington hotel ,to regulate international monetary and financial order after the 2nd
world war.
• 1944-1974:
before 1974, the loans which has been provided is relatively small. And the loan
application had to meet strict criteria.the first country to receive a world bank loan was
france. In 1960 the international development association was formed , providing soft
loans to developing countries.
5. • 1974-1980
From 1974-1980 the bank concentrated on meeting the basic needs of people in the
developing world. The size and number of loans to borrowers was greatly
increased as loan targets expanded from infrastructure into social services and
other sectors.
• 1980-1989
During the 1980s the bank emphasized lending to service sectors
and structural adjustments policies designed to develop the economies of
developing nations.
• 1989-present
The bank began including environmental groups and NGOs in its loans to
mitigate the past effects of its development policies that had prompted the
criticism. And also working in different areas to promote good health and other
criteria.
6. World Bank Group
The World Bank Group is a group of five international organizations. The World Bank Group gives advice
and finance to member countries for economic development and reducing poverty. It is a non-profit-
making international organization owned by member governments.
The world bank group is made of following five organization:
1. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 1945.
2. The International Finance Corporation (IFC)1956.
3. The International Development Association (IDA) 1960.
4. The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)1988.
5. The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)1966.
7. International bank for reconstruction
and development
• Formed in 1944.
• IBRD is a global development cooperative owned by 189 member countries. As
the largest development bank in the world, it supports the World Bank Group’s
mission by providing loans, guarantees, risk management products, and advisory
services to middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries.
• Created to help Europe rebuild after World War II, IBRD joins with I.D.A., for
funding the poorest countries, to form the World Bank. They work closely with
all institutions of the World Bank Group and the public and private sectors in
developing countries to reduce poverty and build shared prosperity.
8. How IBRD Financed
• IBRD raises most of its funds from the world's financial markets.
• This has allowed it to provide more than $500 billion in loans to poverty around
the world with its member countries paying about $14 billion in capital.
• IBRD has maintained a triple-A rating since 1959.
• IBRD earns income every year from the return on its equity and from the small
margin it makes on lending.
9. International development
association
• Formed in 1960
• Purpose is to reduce poverty and development assistance.
• Member countries 173.
• IDA is the second world bank institution and its main focus is helping the poorest
countries in the world by boosting there economy.
• It help around 123 million children to get better water sources and 65 million
people receive health services
10. International Development
Association(continued…)
• The International Development Association (IDA) is an international financial
institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest
developing countries.
• It is also known as the soft loan window of world bank. IBRD and IDA collectively
work for achieving the goal of world bank.
• IDA lends money on concessional terms. This means that IDA credits have a zero
or very low interest charge and repayments are stretched over 30 to 38 years,
including a 5- to 10-year grace period.
• The lending terms are determined with reference to the countries risk of debt,
the level of there income, and creditworthiness.
11. International financial corporation
• Established in 1956.
• Has 184 member countries.to join IFC a country must be a member of IBRD.
• It offers investment, advisory and assistance to encourage private sector development
in developing countries.It work with private sector in developing countries to create
market that open up opportunities for all.
• The largest global development institution focused exclusively on the private sector in
developing countries. The Bank Group has set two goals for the world to achieve by
2030: end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity in every country.
• Services provided:
loan, equity , advisory , asset management etc.
12. Multilateral investment guarantee
agency (MIGA)
• MIGA was founded in 1988.
• Member countries are 181.
• MIGA is a member of world bank group. It promote cross border investment in developing
countries by providing guarantees to investors and lenders.(political risk insurance and credit
enhancement )
• Its guarantee protect investment against non-commercial risks and can help in investors obtain
access to funding sources with improved financial terms and conditions.
• The agency generally offers insurance coverage lasting up to 15 years with a possible five- year
extension depending on a given project’s nature.
• Small and medium enterprises may take advantage of discounted insurance.
13. International centre for settlement of
investment disputes(ICSID)
• Formed in 1966.
• Member countries 156.
• ICSID is an international arbitration institution.(to resolve dispute out side the court) It
is for legal dispute resolution and conciliation between international investors.
• Its availability to investors and states helps to promote international investment by
providing confidence in the dispute resolution process.
• ICSID also promotes greater awareness of international law on foreign investment.
14. Criteria
• Reduce extreme poverty and hunger.
• Achieve universal primary education.
• Promote gender equality.
• Reduce child mortality.
• Improve maternal health.
• Awareness about communicable diseases.
• Ensure environmental sustainability.
• Development of infrastructure.
15. Functions of world bank
• Provides loans : it can be for short term or medium term.
1. reconstruction loans.
2. development loans.
• Provides technical advice to the borrowers.
• Help in funding.
• Provide guarantee for loan granted to small and large unit and other projects of
member countries.
• Mostly work for undeveloped countries. The bank provide long term loan for various
development project of 5 to 20 year duration.
16. Operations
• Fund generation:
IBRD : lending to developing countries is financed by selling AAA-rated
bonds.
IDA : provide interest free loan.
• Loans :
reconstruction loan
development loan
• Grants :
related to the water supplies,
improve sanitation,
rebuild the economy.
• Advisory services:
poverty assessment
how to use fund
17. Board of directors
• Board of directors are 24.
• They are elected for two years
• 5 from USA , Japan , Germany ,France and Britain.
• 19 directors represent the rest of the nation.
• Under the IBRD Articles of agreement, each of the five member having the largest
number of share appointed an executive directors
18. How is world bank run ?
• The world bank is like a cooperative, where its 189 member countries are
shareholders. The shareholder are represented by a board of governors, who are
ultimate policy maker at the world bank
• The governor are member countries ministers of finance or ministers of
development.
• Meeting held once in a year i.e. annual meeting.
• There are 24 executive directors, who work on the site at the bank.
• The executive directors make the board of directors.
19. Largest share holders
Share holder Voting power
united state 16.41 %
Japan 7.87%
Germany 4.49%
The united kingdom 4.31%
France 4.31%