Working capital financing credit assessment
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The document discusses different methods used in India to assess working capital financing needs for MSMEs. It outlines recommendations from the Tandon Committee from 1974 and the Chore Committee from 1979 that established three methods and guidelines for calculating credit limits. Currently, common methods used include the FOIR method based on income, the operating cycle method based on business cycles, and the drawing power method based on stock levels and debtors.
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Working Capital Financing Underwriting Methods
To assess the financingneed of MSME sector in India,GOI has setup committees from time to time to reviseand improve the cr edit
assessment process. Following committees have setup in India-
Tandon Committee- Commissioned in July’74 under chairmanship of Mr. P.L. Tandon
Chore Committee- Commissioned in 1979 under chairmanship of Mr. Chore
Tandon Committee- RBI commissioned this committee to study the entire ecosystem of working capital finance and recommend ways
to optimize utilization of bank credit. Most of the bank still use the recommendations of Tandon committee. It proposed three
methods to calculate the working capital gap.
Method Calculation Suitability
First Method
Credit limit-Max[0.75*(CA1-CL)]
CL does not include bank borrowing*
Suitable for small borrowers where
credit requirement is up to INR 10 lakhs
Second Method
Borrower to provide 25% of total current assets out of long-term
funds hence following formula is used to cal.-
Credit limit- Max[0.75*(CA)-CL]
Workingcapital need of those borrower
enjoying fund based credit facilities
more than INR 10 lakhs
Third Method
Borrower contribution from long term funds will be the extent of
entire core current asset2 as defined by study group.
Credit limit- Max[0.75(CA-CCA)-CL]
Mostly for academic purpose
Chore Committee- RBI commissioned this committee to review cash credit system of banks to streamline the system. Major
recommendations of committee were-
Abolished the previous practice of bifurcation of account into demand loan and cash credit account to charge differential interest
rate
Banks to set separate credit limit for borrower according to the business session (peak/non-peak)
Before commencement of every quarter borrower must indicate/share his expected requirement of credit amount known as
operating limit. A tolerance level of 10% is allowed in operating limit either direction
Temporary limit should be dealt carefully and marked as demand loan with additional interest of 1% over normal interest rate
Banks to use second method of lending proposed by Tandon committee to maintain current ratio of 1.33:1
Currently, Organizations uses below mentioned methods to assess credit limit for working capital financing apart from methods
prescribed by Tandon and Chore committee-
FOIR- It is one of the most popular method used for assessing eligibility and setting credit limit by financial institutions. Following
steps to be undertake to calculate the credit limit-
oEligible income of applicant
oFOIR ratio set by the organization
oCurrently monthly loan obligation
oEligible loan amount- [((eligible income*applicable FOIR)/12-Currently monthly loan obligation)]
Operating cycle method- Estimatingworkingcapital requirementbased on the operatingcycleof organization i.e.fromprocurement
of raw material to sales realization using following formula-
Working capital- [Estimated cost of goods sold * (Operating cycle/365)]+[Desired cash & bank balance]
Drawing power method- Majorly used in CC facility availed from banks, DP is calculated from stock less creditors plus book debt-
Dealer Statement Drawing Power Calculation
Particulars $ Mn Particulars $ Mn Particulars $Mn
Stock 100 Stock 100 Debtors 80
Creditors 20 Less: Creditor 20 Less: Debtors < 90 days 20
Total Debtors 80 Paid Stock 80 Debtors allowed for DP 60
Debtor < 90 20 Less: Margin 25% 32 Less: Margin 40% 24
Stock Margin 0.25 Allowed DP cal 48 Allowed DP cal 36
Debtor Margin 0.40 Total DP 84
1
CA-Current Asset, CL- Current Liabilities, CCA- Current Core Assets
2
Absolute minimum level of raw materials, process stock, finished goods and stores which are in the pipeline to ensure continuity of production](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/workingcapitalfinancingunderwritingmethods-181020131446/85/Working-capital-financing-credit-assessment-1-320.jpg)
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The Tandon Committee was appointed in 1974 by the Reserve Bank of India to frame guidelines for bank credit and oversight. Some key recommendations included introducing the concept of maximum permissible bank finance (MPBF) to determine how much working capital banks could finance. The committee outlined three methods for calculating MPBF that progressively reduced banks' involvement in financing current assets. It also made recommendations regarding the style of credit and information reporting systems to improve oversight of credit use.
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This document discusses sources of working capital finance in India, focusing on trade credit and bank borrowing. It provides details on trade credit terms, benefits, and factors to consider in deciding whether to take a discount or pay later. For bank borrowing, it outlines forms of financing like overdrafts and cash credits, as well as security requirements and regulations on financing based on recommendations from the Tandon and Chore Committees to the Reserve Bank of India.
Working capital management
sllde1: meaning of working capital
slide 2: sources of working capital
slide 3: short term sources
slide 4: external sources
slide 5:long term sources
slide 6: regulation of bank finance
side 7: committees
slide 8: tandon committees
slide 9: norms
slide 10: lending norms
slide 11: first method
slide 12: second method
slide 13: third method
slide 14: thank you :)
Working capital finance
This document discusses working capital finance and management. It defines working capital as the capital required to finance short-term assets like inventory, cash, and receivables. It describes the working capital cycle where cash is used to purchase inventory, converted to work-in-progress and finished goods, then to receivables as goods are sold on credit, and finally back to cash. It also discusses factors for estimating working capital needs, common working capital products, and how to assess maximum permissible bank finance, including calculating norms, current ratios, and drawing power. The conclusion emphasizes that working capital financing is critical for small firms' operations and cash flow.
Sks mirco_finance
The document provides an overview of SKS Microfinance, including its business model, valuation process, and regulatory environment. SKS pioneered the joint liability group lending model and grew rapidly before facing difficulties in 2010. It valued itself using a branch-level valuation model that projected earnings and growth rates. Key recommendations from the Malegam Committee established regulations for the microfinance sector, including categorizing qualified NBFCs as NBFC-MFIs and capping interest rates.
4 working capital finance
This document discusses various sources of working capital finance including trade credit, bank borrowings, and commercial paper. It outlines the benefits and costs of trade credit and explains norms established by committees like Dehejia, Tandon, and Chore to regulate bank financing of working capital needs. Commercial paper is introduced as an alternative source of short-term funds that provides liquidity but is limited in availability and impersonal in nature.
Bank regulation.ppt
The trade terms '1/10, net 45' indicate that a 1% discount is permitted if payment is made within 10 days.
CMA Data
CMA data is known as Credit Monitoring Arrangement. It is the financial report that shows the projected and past performance of business in the terms of finance. Many banks and financial bodies ask the borrower to make a credit monitoring arrangement to recognize the funds of application and the flow in the business. It consists of all the metrics and needed financial ratio to aid financial analysts.
Cashpor micro credit
The document provides a compliance assessment of Cashpor Micro Credit (CMC) in India. It finds that CMC receives a reasonably high score of 75% for adherence to ethical microfinance practices. Specifically, CMC screens clients carefully to ensure they are poor, is transparent about interest rates, and monitors clients' debt levels. However, there is room for improvement in staff treatment of clients and ensuring peer pressure does not cause undue stress. The assessment provides details on CMC's operations, products, financial performance, and compliance with various dimensions of ethical microfinance such as client targeting, pricing, and data security.
Working capital finance
Working capital represents a company's short-term liquidity and is used to finance day-to-day operations. The two main sources of working capital finance are trade credit and bank borrowing. Trade credit involves suppliers extending credit to customers, and is an important source of financing especially for small businesses. Banks provide working capital financing through various facilities like overdrafts, cash credits, bill discounting, and loans. Banks follow guidelines from committees like Tandon and Chore to regulate working capital lending and ensure prudent financing.
Credit appraisal in banking sector ppt @ bec doms
The document discusses credit appraisal processes in the banking sector. It defines credit appraisal as an investigation done by banks to assess the commercial, financial, and technical viability of loans and projects. The credit appraisal process involves evaluating a customer's financial condition, repayment capacity, collateral, and other factors. Banks consider the 3Cs of credit - character, capacity, and collateral. The document then provides details about specific credit appraisal methods, ratios, and processes used by State Bank of India.
Credit appraisal in banking sbi
The document discusses credit appraisal in the banking sector. Credit appraisal is the process used by banks to evaluate a loan applicant's creditworthiness before providing a loan. It involves investigating the applicant's financial condition, repayment capacity, collateral, and other factors. Banks consider the 3Cs - character, capacity, and collateral. The credit appraisal process at State Bank of India involves preliminary assessment, documentation, sanctioning/approval, disbursement, and post-sanction monitoring. SBI has quantitative and qualitative standards for credit appraisal and uses a rating scale to assess risk levels of borrowers.
CMA Data
CMA data is known as Credit Monitoring Arrangement Data. It is the financial report that shows the projected and past performance of business in the terms of finance. Many banks and financial bodies ask the borrower to make a credit monitoring arrangement to recognize the funds of application and the flow in the business.
CMA Data
CMA data is known as Credit Monitoring Arrangement Data. It is the financial report that shows the projected and past performance of business in the terms of finance. Many banks and financial bodies ask the borrower to make a credit monitoring arrangement to recognize the funds of application and the flow in the business. It consists of all the metrics and needed financial ratio to aid financial analysts.
CMA Data
CMA data is known as Credit Monitoring Arrangement. It is the financial report that shows the projected and past performance of business in the terms of finance. Many banks and financial bodies ask the borrower to make a credit monitoring arrangement to recognize the funds of application and the flow in the business.
Working capital management 5
This document discusses sources of financing for working capital. It identifies two main categories of financing sources: spontaneous sources that naturally arise from business operations like trade credit and negotiated sources that require specific negotiation, like loans from banks and other financial institutions. Some negotiated sources discussed include inter-corporate loans and deposits, commercial paper, funds generated from operations, public deposits, bill discounting, factoring, and working capital finance from banks.
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Working Capital Financing and Regulation of Bank Credit
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The ready-to-eat food market in India is growing rapidly, expected to reach $284.4 million by 2020 with an annual growth rate of 15.7%. Snacks and curry mixes are growing the fastest. There is high potential for ready mixes in South India, which prefers traditional foods. Rudra Foods plans to enter this market by targeting young working professionals in South India's tier 1 cities. It will position itself as providing high quality, ready-to-eat foods with a long shelf life at an affordable price point. Rudra will use a push-pull strategy with distribution through e-retailers, retailers and multi-outlet stores.
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Pensions and housing - Pensions PlayPen - 4 June 2024 v3 (1).pdf
Working capital financing credit assessment
- 1. Page 1 of 1 Working Capital Financing Underwriting Methods To assess the financingneed of MSME sector in India,GOI has setup committees from time to time to reviseand improve the cr edit assessment process. Following committees have setup in India- Tandon Committee- Commissioned in July’74 under chairmanship of Mr. P.L. Tandon Chore Committee- Commissioned in 1979 under chairmanship of Mr. Chore Tandon Committee- RBI commissioned this committee to study the entire ecosystem of working capital finance and recommend ways to optimize utilization of bank credit. Most of the bank still use the recommendations of Tandon committee. It proposed three methods to calculate the working capital gap. Method Calculation Suitability First Method Credit limit-Max[0.75*(CA1-CL)] CL does not include bank borrowing* Suitable for small borrowers where credit requirement is up to INR 10 lakhs Second Method Borrower to provide 25% of total current assets out of long-term funds hence following formula is used to cal.- Credit limit- Max[0.75*(CA)-CL] Workingcapital need of those borrower enjoying fund based credit facilities more than INR 10 lakhs Third Method Borrower contribution from long term funds will be the extent of entire core current asset2 as defined by study group. Credit limit- Max[0.75(CA-CCA)-CL] Mostly for academic purpose Chore Committee- RBI commissioned this committee to review cash credit system of banks to streamline the system. Major recommendations of committee were- Abolished the previous practice of bifurcation of account into demand loan and cash credit account to charge differential interest rate Banks to set separate credit limit for borrower according to the business session (peak/non-peak) Before commencement of every quarter borrower must indicate/share his expected requirement of credit amount known as operating limit. A tolerance level of 10% is allowed in operating limit either direction Temporary limit should be dealt carefully and marked as demand loan with additional interest of 1% over normal interest rate Banks to use second method of lending proposed by Tandon committee to maintain current ratio of 1.33:1 Currently, Organizations uses below mentioned methods to assess credit limit for working capital financing apart from methods prescribed by Tandon and Chore committee- FOIR- It is one of the most popular method used for assessing eligibility and setting credit limit by financial institutions. Following steps to be undertake to calculate the credit limit- oEligible income of applicant oFOIR ratio set by the organization oCurrently monthly loan obligation oEligible loan amount- [((eligible income*applicable FOIR)/12-Currently monthly loan obligation)] Operating cycle method- Estimatingworkingcapital requirementbased on the operatingcycleof organization i.e.fromprocurement of raw material to sales realization using following formula- Working capital- [Estimated cost of goods sold * (Operating cycle/365)]+[Desired cash & bank balance] Drawing power method- Majorly used in CC facility availed from banks, DP is calculated from stock less creditors plus book debt- Dealer Statement Drawing Power Calculation Particulars $ Mn Particulars $ Mn Particulars $Mn Stock 100 Stock 100 Debtors 80 Creditors 20 Less: Creditor 20 Less: Debtors < 90 days 20 Total Debtors 80 Paid Stock 80 Debtors allowed for DP 60 Debtor < 90 20 Less: Margin 25% 32 Less: Margin 40% 24 Stock Margin 0.25 Allowed DP cal 48 Allowed DP cal 36 Debtor Margin 0.40 Total DP 84 1 CA-Current Asset, CL- Current Liabilities, CCA- Current Core Assets 2 Absolute minimum level of raw materials, process stock, finished goods and stores which are in the pipeline to ensure continuity of production