53.33 During 60 62 65 1) The document describes a study conducted to assess the impact of workers' education training provided by the Centre for Budget and Workers Education (CBWE) at Ambica Jute Mill in West Bengal. 2) Both subjective and objective data were collected before and after training to analyze the impact on knowledge, satisfaction, productivity, waste control, quality control, accidents, and absenteeism. 3) The results found significant improvements in trainees' achievement test scores compared to non-trainees. It also found increased productivity, reduced waste and improved quality control in the spinning, weaving and finishing departments after training.

1. A STUDY ON
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF
WORKERS EDUCATION
Prepared by
Debdulal Dutta Roy
CBWE & Psychology Research Unit of the
Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata
Prepared for
Presentation in the Governing Body Meeting of CBWE
Delhi, 15.9.2005

2. OVERVIEW











What is Workers Education? , Perspectives of Impact Assessment
SETTING OBJECTIVES : Company Profile, Interviewing President,
Management, Workers ,Trade union leaders, Trainers, Studying course
contents, training manual, observing training program. Content
analysis, Departments under study
OBJECTIVES
Model of the study
Subjective Data collection : instrument development, Studying the
constraints and collection of data, Sampling criteria and Characteristics
of Samples
DATA ANALYSIS
Results of Subjective data : Achievement test and training process
satisfaction
Objective Data collection :Constraints, Study periods
RESULTS : Productivity- 1, 2, 3 , Wastage - 1, 2, 3, 4 Quality control 1, 2 Accident - 1, 2 and Absenteeism - 1, 2
CONCLUSION & FUTURE RESEARCH
THANK YOU

3. What is Workers Education ?




Workers Education is humanized training process to
change in knowledge and skills required for on and off the
job life.
So it makes a balance between on and off the job life in
designing training inputs.
It assumes that worker is a total man with complex
adaptive open system. They have own reasoning for self
direction and self control.
Workers education affects the reasoning level so that
workers feel inner urge to learn new knowledge and skills.

4. PERSPECTIVES OF IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Workers Perspective




Acquiring knowledge about working operations, self control
(faulty habits).
Satisfaction with training process
Job Satisfaction or Employee Satisfaction
Organizational Perspective







Improvement in productivity
Reduction of wastage
Improving quality
Reduction of accidents
Reduction of absenteeism
Change in Return of Investment
Change in Organizational Climate or Organizational health

5. STUDY LOCATION
Situated on the West bank of river Ganges near Belur
Math, Howrah, West Bengal

6. Company Profile
Name : Ambica Jute Mill
Established : Pre-independence
Location : At the bank of River Hooghly
Machines : 100 years old and periodical
overhauling
Training : No training other than CBWE
Workers : Multilingual, multi culture, most
of them were below class VIII.

7. ASSESSING PERCEPTION OF
PRESIDENT ABOUT TRAINING IMPACT
Collecting data from
the President about
underlying motives
for training, his own
observation about
training course,
training methods
and its impact on
the mill workers and
mill performance.

8. ASSESSING PERCEPTION OF MANAGERS,
& SUPERVISORS, WORKERS AND TRADE
UNION LEADERS ABOUT TRAINING IMPACT
MANAGERS AND
SUPERVISORS
WORKERS
INTUC LEADER
CITU LEADER

9. COURSE CONTENTS
QUALITY
KNOW YOUR
INDUSTRY
PRODUCTIVITY
WASTE
CONTROL
COURSE
CONTENTS
ACCIDENT
ABSENTEEISM

10. REVIEWING MANUALS

ONE COURSE
MANUAL WAS
DEVELOPED
BASED ON THE
TRAINING NEEDS
OF MILL AND IT
WAS TRANSLATED
IN TO HINDI
LANGUAGE.

11. OBSERVING TRAINING
PROGRAMME
USED DIFFERENT TRAINING AIDS LIKE LECTURE,ROLE PLAY,
GROUP DISCUSSION, EXHIBITS, QUESTION ANSWER SESSION,
EXERCISES, AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS, DEMONSTRATION

12. INTERVIEWING THE TRAINERS

13. 18

16
16
16
13
14
13
12
9
10
9
7
8
5
6
4
4
3
4
1
2
M
ec
h.
Pr
es
id
en
t
El
ec
tri
ca
Q
l
lty
Cn
tro
l
0
Sp
in
ni
ng
W
ea
vi
ng
Ba
tc
hi
ng
Fi
ni
sh
in
g
Pe
rs
on
ne
l
Se
cu
rit
y
G
od
ow
n
Fi
na
nc
e
% Distribution of Training Impact statements
Preliminary investigation and Content Analysis in
Setting Objectives

% Distribution of Training Im pact
Pr
od
uc
W
tiv
as
ity
te
co
nt
ro
l
Qu
ali
ty
Ac
c id
Ab
en
se
t
nt
ee
is m
Co
-o
pn
Ot
he
Te
r
am s
w
or
MC k
Mn
tn
Department wise
25%
20%
15%
21% 20%
16%
13% 12%
10%
5%
4%
4%
3%
3%
3%
1%
Area wise
W
P
in
TU
IPR
0%
Collected 335 statements (Page
177-196) from the open -ended
interview with managers,
supervisors, workers and trade
union leaders of the jute mill about
effect of training on them.
Statements were coded and content
analysis was made. Results
revealed that most of the
statements were related to
improvement in productivity,
wastage control, quality control,
accident and absenteeism of 4
departments namely, Batching,
Spinning, Weaving and Finishing.

14. Departments Under Study and flow of work
1
BATCHING
2
SPINNING
3
WEAVING
FINISHING

15. OBJECTIVES



To determine extent of difference in knowledge
(achievement) about course contents between the
trained and non-trained employees of the mill
To determine extent of Training process
Satisfaction of trainees
To determine extent of difference in Productivity,
Waste control, Quality control, Rate of accidents
and Absenteeism between before and during
training periods

16. Model of Study
Dependent Variables
Independent
Variables
TRAINING
Controlled Variables
: Technology,
Training Months,
Supervision, Raw
materials
Change in Subjective
variables ( Knowledge,
Self assessment of
training satisfaction )
Change in Individual
Performance
(Absenteeism, Accident)
Change in
Organizational
Performance
(Productivity, Wastage,
Quality Control)

17. SUBJECTIVE DATA COLLECTION
CONSTRAINTS
 Non- availability of all
the workers at a time
at one location as they
are scattered around
different locations and
due to shifting duties
 Giving assurance that
production process will
not be disturbed during
evaluation.
COLLECTION OF DATA
Therefore, one specific day was
selected and data were collected
randomly from different
categories of workers in their
respective departments without
any prior intimation to the
interviewees. In sampling, each
machine of the respective
departments was initially listed
and machines were randomly
selected out of the list. Samples
were selected based on the
operators of randomly selected
machines.

18. Sample Criteria and Characteristics













Criteria
Training received before 1 month
Able to read the questionnaires
Due to his absence, there will be no disturbance in
production process
Sample must belong to the respective department more than
5 years
Sample Characteristics
More than 10 years experience in same department
Middle aged
Income above Rs.3000
Educational level in average ranged from grade V to VIII
Common languages were Hindi and Bengali
Most of them married
Most of them possessed 1 or 2 children
Most of them came from West Bengal and Bihar and
Most of them trained before 1 month.

19. Tools : Psychometric Test Properties
Achievement Test






No. of Items: 4 items (2 on
awareness and 2 on application)
X 5 issues (Productivity, Waste
control, Quality control,
Absenteeism, Safety)
Item Categories : 7 common and
13 department wise questions
Type : Multiple Choice. 4 Options.
Range of scores : 0 to 20
Content validity : Item-total
correlation was significant across
departments (Table 5.7)
Reliability range : 0.75 to 0.93
(Table 5.8)
Training Process
Satisfaction
Variables : Awareness,
Motivation and Attitude
towards training
Type : Multiple choice to
assess awareness and
motivation variables. 4
point interval scale to
assess attitude variables.

20. Statistics Used for Analysis
Pearson Product Moment Correlation
t-test
Chi-square test
Correspondence Analysis
Wilcoxon Matched Paired Signed Rank test
Item discrimination
Item total correlation
Kuder Richardson Coefficient

21. Trainee and Non-trainee difference in Achievement Test
Trainee and Non-trainee difference in
dimension wise Achievement test
Department wise Achievement score
distribution
Trainees
8
Non-trainees
20
Critical
ratio
15
Mean
6
10
5
4
2
0
Batching
Batching
Spinning
Weaving
4.37
2.73
6.14
Waste control
2.17
3.32
4.79
3.9
2.18
6.98
Absenteeism
2.89
3.12
4.88
Safety
Weaving
Sp inning
Productivity
0
6.57
2.04
3.92
Quality Control
C o r r e s p o n d e n c e a n a ly s is b e tw e e n lo c a tio n o f d e p a r tme n ts a n d a c h ie v e me n t s c o r e s
Sta n d a r d iz a tio n : R o w a n d c o lu mn p r o file s
D imension 2; Eigenvalue: .07161 (30.49% of Inertia)
1 .0
5-8
0 .8
1-4
0 .6
0 .4
Achievement score was
high in Weaving,
Spinning and finishing
department than
batching
Spinning
Finishing
0 .2
13-16
0 .0
9-12
- 0 .2
- 0 .4
- 0 .8
17-20
Weaving
Batching
R o w .C o o r d s
- 0 .6
- 0 .4
- 0 .2
0 .0
0 .2
0 .4
D ime n s io n 1 ; Eig e n v a lu e : .1 3 8 3 5 ( 5 8 .9 0 % o f In e r tia )
0 .6
0 .8
C o l.C o o r d s

22. Training Process Satisfaction
Pie diagram of Awareness of Job
responsibility
Pie diagram of Supervisor's instruction
1% 6%
Pie diagram of Awareness of Mistake
1%
20%
Understanding
instructions only
Understanding the
reasons
Understanding
BM
Able to pursue
others
11%
15%
Understand
mistake
Ask others to
correct mistake
Try to correct
mistake
Able to correct
mistake
16%
Aware of my job
responsibility
21%
Helps in error
modification
Helps to make
others realized
64%
82%
63%
Correspondence analysis of Work pattern and training methods
No Significant Difference among the departments
Input Table (Rows x Columns): 4 x 4
0.4
120
Great extent
0.3
Percentage
0.1
Spinning
Some extent
Batching
0.0
Greater extent
-0.1
97
85
80
84
61
55
60
81
40
20
Weaving
-0.2
0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Dimension 1; Eigenvalue: .16533 (85.84% of Inertia)
Batching dept. workers found
less similarity between work
pattern and trg. methods
Col.Coords
MOTIVATION
Training Methods
Ideas
sharing
-1.0
Related to
Prac. Prob.
-1.2
Duration
-1.4
Dept. Prob.
Row.Coords
Machine Chk
-0.3
-1.6
93
White board
adequacy
Finishing
0.2
90
Adequacy of
accessories
100
Least extent
Attendance
Dimension 2; Eigenvalue: .02147 (11.15% of Inertia)
Standardization: Row and column profiles
Training Materials

23. OBJECTIVE DATA COLLECTION
CONSTRAINTS
 Before and after experimental
design can not be followed as
training is continuous process.
 All the months were not in
analysis as production process
depends upon months.
 Individual productivity data
were not available.
 No use of Medical data as
company wise data records
were not available in the ESI
hospitals.
 Individual wise absenteeism
and accident data were not
available.
COLLECTION OF DATA



Before and During
Experimental design
Only selected
months were
considered
Department and
hierarchy wise data
were used for
analysis.

24. Determining the Periods for study
Years
Months
Total
Phase -1
Before
During
2000-02
2003
Aug-Dec Aug-Dec
15 months 5 months
Phase -2
Before
During
2001-03
2004
Jan-Mar Jan-Mar
9 months 3 months
Since company performance is related to month wise variation,
months were kept constant in both before and during training
periods. Wilcoxon’s matched paired signed rank test was
computed to estimate between period difference.

25. Products for Assessing Productivity
Productivity was measured in terms of
Production efficiency of 4 finished products.
Fine Yarn
Course Yarn
Hessian Cloth
Sacking Cloth

26. Productivity of Spinning Dept
FINE YARN
Fine yarn (P-2)
Fine Yarn (P-1)
82
80
78
78
76
Before
Percentage
Percentage
80
76
Before
74
During
During
74
72
72
70
Before
During
70
Aug
73.667
77
Sep
Oct
74.333
75.333
80
80
Nov
75.667
81
Jan
Feb
Mar
Before
73.66
73.66
74
During
80
80
80
Dec
75.667
79
COARSE YARN
Coarse Yarn (P-2)
Coarse Yarn (P-1)
82
84
Percentage
78
Before
During
Percentage
82
80
80
78
76
Before
74
During
72
76
70
74
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Before
77.3
76.7
77
76.7
77
During
80
81
80
81
82
Jan
Feb
Mar
Before
75
76
78.6
During
81
83
82

27. Productivity of Weaving Dept
HESSIAN
Hessian Cloth (P-1)
Hessian Cloth (P-2)
80
60
50
40
Before
During
Percentage
Percentage
60
40
30
Before
20
During
10
20
0
0
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Before
45
47.33
49
48
44
52
54
61
Mar
42.33
42.66
37.33
During
52
Feb
58
59
60
47.67
During
Jan
Before
Dec
SACKING
Sacking (P-1)
Sacking (p-2)
80
60
60
40
Before
20
0
During
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Before
59.67
57.33
57.67
56.67
55
During
65
65
67
64
68
Percentage
Percentage
80
40
Before
During
20
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Before
55.66
54
54.66
During
70
71
74

28. Wastage
Wastage across Departments
Batching
Sliver
Spinning
Caddies
Weaving
Thread
Thread
Finishing
Thread
Gunny Cutting

29. Wastage Difference in Batching Department
SLIVER WASTAGE
Sliver ( P-2)
Sliver ( P - 1)
4
4
Percentage
Percentage
3
2
Before
2
Before
During
During
1
0
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Before
3.3333
3.3233
3.1967
Before
2.97
3.04
3.15
3.26
3.1
During
2.39
2.36
2.31
During
3.36
2.5
2.45
2.4
2.37
CADDIES WASTAGE
Caddies ( P-1)
Caddies (P-2)
8
10
4
Before
During
2
0
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
6.1
5.88
5.61
5
Before
During
Dec
6.23
Percentage
Percentage
6
5.58
0
Before
During
4.2
4.3
4.2
4
3.8
Jan
Feb
Mar
Before
6.3467
5.74
5.9433
During
3.5
3.6
3.4

30. Thread Wastage Difference
SPINNING DEPARTMENT
(P-1)
P-2
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.4
Before
During
0.2
Percentage
Percentage
0.6
0.4
0.3
Before
0.2
During
0.1
0
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
0.56
0.56
0.53
0.63
0.6
During
0.41
0.39
0.39
0.38
Jan
Feb
0.55
0.52
0.5
0.37
0.38
0.35
Dec
Before
Before
During
0
Mar
0.35
WEAVING DEPARTMENT
P-1
P-2
4
4
2
Before
During
1
Percentage
Percentage
3
3
2
Before
0
0
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Before
2.74
2.7
2.78
2.87
3.06
During
3
2.75
2.62
2.6
2.48
During
1
Jan
Feb
Mar
Before
3.15
3.29
3.09
During
2.5
2.43
2.45

31. Wastage in Finishing Department
THREAD WASTAGE
( P - 1)
(P-2)
0.2
0.15
0.1
Before
During
Percentage
Percentage
0.15
0.1
Bef ore
0.05
During
0.05
0
0
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Before
0.15
0.16
0.18
0.12
0.1
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.1
Feb
Mar
0.15
0.13
0.15
During
0.13
During
Jan
Bef ore
Dec
0.09
0.07
0.08
GUNNY CUTTING WASTAGE
Phase - 2
Phase - 1
0.6
0.4
Before
During
0.2
0
Percentage
0.8
0.6
Percentage
0.8
0.4
Before
During
0.2
0
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Before
0.62
0.74
0.74
0.63
0.69
Before
During
0.56
0.52
0.48
0.46
0.45
During
Jan
Feb
Mar
0.7
0.7
0.66
0.48
0.48
0.46

32. Quality Control Parameters
Batching (3 nos.)
•CV% of Morah Weight
•CV% of Sliver Weight ,F.C
•CV% of Sliver Weight ,F.D
Weaving (2 nos.)
•No. of Ends observed
•Heavy light %
Spinning (6 nos.)
•CV% of Weight of F.Yarn
•CV% of Strength of F.Yarn
•CV% of count of C. Yarn
•CV% of count of S. Yarn
•Quality ratio of W.Yarn
•Quality ratio of W.Yarn of Fine Side
from standard
Finishing (2 nos.)
•Fabric fault %
•Weight of Sacking

33. Change in Quality Control Data
No. of Ends Observed (Weaving Dept)
Decrease in CV% of weight of Yarn
Quality for fine side (Spinning Dept)
4
After
Jan Feb Mar Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Ja
n
Dec
Nov
Oct
Before
After
M
ar
Au
g
Se
p
O
ct
N
ov
D
ec
Before
5
4
3
2
1
0
b
6
% of fabric fault
CV %
8
0
Sep
% of Fabric faults of Hessian and
Sacking (Finishing Dept.)
10
2
Aug
Jan Feb Mar Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Mar
Jan
After
Before
After
Standard
Feb
Before
475
474
473
472
471
470
469
468
Fe
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
CV %
CV %
Decrease in CV% of Morah weight
(Batching Dept)

34. Accident Pattern Analysis




Accident due to human error
was used for analysis - unsafe
act.
Only minor injury due to unsafe
act was taken into
consideration.
Difference in incidence of
accident across the years
before and during training
period was assessed.
Department and hierarchy
wise difference was studied.

35. Distribution of minor unsafe Accident before and
during training periods
Department wise distribution
Number of Minor Unsafe Accident before
and during Training periods
Finishing
Weaving
Before
During
Spinning
Batching
0
5
10
15
20
Hierarchy wise distribution
8
Worker
10.67
Sardar
During
5
Helper
8
1.5
2.33
Before

36. Analysis of Absenteeism Pattern

The database is supposed to have 420 data
(4 years ((2000-03) X 8 months X 4
departments X 3 hierarchies) + (1 year
(2004) X 3 months X 4 departments X 3
hierarchies)). Expected data set will be
140 data for each category of employees
for the purpose of comparison of
absenteeism rate between before and during
training periods. But the actual data set
includes 57 data of Sardars, 50 data of
helpers and 140 data of workers.
Therefore, current analysis was limited to
change in absenteeism pattern of workers
only

37. Pattern of Absences of Workers
Percentage of Absences
(Weaving Dept)
8
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Before
After
%
6
Before
After
4
2
O
ct
N
ov
D
ec
p
Se
g
O
ct
N
ov
D
ec
p
Se
g
Au
M
ar
Fe
b
Before
After
n
O
ct
N
ov
D
ec
p
Se
g
Au
M
ar
b
Fe
n
0
%
Before
After
Ja
%
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Ja
8
2
Au
Percentage of Absences
(Finishing Dept)
Percentage of Absences
(Spinning Dept)
4
M
ar
b
Fe
n
Ja
O
ct
N
ov
D
ec
g
p
Se
Au
M
ar
b
Ja
n
0
Fe
%
Percentage of Absences (Batching
Dept)

38. Conclusion
1.
Results revealed significant impact of
Workers Education program conducted by
CBWE at Ambica Jute Mill, Howrah on both
subjective and objective criteria of
Organizational Effectiveness.

39. Future Research
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Comparison between trainees and non trainees
in their individual productivity level, level of
absenteeism and of the accident.
Impact of workers education on the Quality of
working life ( Job satisfaction, Health and Off-the
job life) of workers.
Impact of workers education on the
organizational climate or interpersonal trust
among the employees;
Impact of workers education on the Return of
investment;
Current model may be used in other Industries
and diverse sectors like Education , health,
service, etc.

40. THANK YOU
THANK YOU