This document discusses a study on the workability of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement for cement. The workability of M20 and M25 grade concrete mixes was tested with 0-100% replacement of cement by GGBS, both with and without a superplasticizer. Various workability tests were conducted including slump testing, compaction factor testing, vee-bee consistometer testing, and flow table testing. The results showed that up to a certain percentage replacement, usually around 50-60%, the workability of the concrete increased with GGBS replacement as measured by the different tests. Above this percentage, the workability began to decrease with further GGBS
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SUB SOIL PROFILE USING GIS IAEME Publication
In this paper, GIS technology integrates common database operation such as query and statistical analysis benefits offered by maps. This ability distinguish GIS from other information system and makes it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcome and planning strategies. The soils at various places of the particular area are collected at the closest distance. QGIS open source software is used for mapping. We have collected samples from four places. From each place 6 KG of soil is collected. The current latitude and longitude position from where the samples are taken are located using GPS and are noted down. The Test was Carried on the Shear strength of the Soil are found by the Direct Shear Test, Bearing capacity of the Soil are found by the CBR(California Bearing Ratio, Permeability of the Soil are found by the Falling Head Flow Method for the Different Location.
Workability studies on concrete with ggbs as a replacement material for cemen...iaemedu
This document discusses a study on the workability of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement for cement. The workability of M20 and M25 grade concrete mixes was tested with 0-100% replacement of cement by GGBS, both with and without a superplasticizer. Various workability tests were conducted including slump testing, compaction factor testing, vee-bee consistometer testing, and flow table testing. The results showed that up to a certain percentage replacement, usually around 50-60%, the workability of the concrete increased with GGBS replacement as measured by the different tests. Above this percentage, the workability began to decrease with further GGBS
Performance of lateritic concrete under environmental harsh conditioneSAT Journals
This document investigates the performance of lateritic concrete under different environmental conditions by varying the ratio of laterite to fine aggregate in concrete mixes. Cubes made with different ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) were subjected to high temperatures, wetting and drying cycles, and chemical exposure. The results showed that compressive strength generally decreased with increased laterite ratio under wetting/drying cycles but increased when exposed to magnesium sulfate. A ratio of 20% laterite attained the highest strength of 12.9 MPa after heating to 100°C, indicating it provides optimal performance under harsh, tropical weathering.
The document summarizes research on the effects of using magnetized water in concrete. Eighteen concrete mixes were produced using either tap water or water treated with a 0.75 Tesla magnetic field. Tests found that mixes using magnetized water had higher slump values, indicating better workability, with increases up to 25%. Compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths were also higher, with compressive strength increases of up to 20%. Tests on three cement types found magnetized water increased consistency and compressive strength. The research suggests magnetized water produces concrete with improved fresh and hardened properties.
This document summarizes an experimental study on replacing natural river sand and coarse aggregate with manufactured sand (M-sand) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) aggregate in concrete. M25 grade concrete was produced with 0-50% replacement of river sand by M-sand and 0-30% replacement of coarse aggregate by GGBS aggregate. Compressive and flexural strengths were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. Results showed that replacing river sand by 75% M-sand and coarse aggregate by 20% GGBS aggregate produced concrete with optimal strength. This replacement improved bonding between particles in the concrete due to the irregular shapes and sizes of M-sand and GGBS
An Experimental Study on Durability of Concrete Using Fly Ash & GGBS for M30 ...IJERD Editor
Concrete when subjected to severe environments its durability can significantly decline due to
degradation. Degradation of concrete structures by corrosion is a serious problem and has major economic
implications. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the durability of concrete using the mineral
admixtures like Fly Ash & Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for M30 grade concrete.Cube
Specimens were casted and are immersed in normal water, sea water, H2SO4 of various concentrations and were
tested after 7 days, 28 days & 60 days.
Durability Studies on Concrete with Hypo Sludge as Partial Replacement of CementIJERA Editor
This paper summarizes the research work on the properties of hypo sludge when used as partial replacement for
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in concrete. OPC was replaced with hypo sludge by weight at 0%, 5%, 10%,
15%, 20% and 25%. 0% replacement served as the control. Compacting factor test was carried out on fresh
concrete while Compressive Strength test was carried out on hardened 150mm concrete cubes after 7, 14 and 28
days curing in water. The results revealed that the Compacting factor decreased as the percentage replacement
of OPC with hypo sludge increased. The compressive strength of the hardened concrete also decreased with
increasing OPC replacement with hypo sludge. It is recommended that further studies be carried out to gather
more facts about the suitability of partial replacement of OPC with hypo sludge in concrete.
To mitigate emission of carbon dioxide and other green gases, it is necessary to develop alternative ways by which sustainable development can be improved. This paper discusses various combination of cement with hypo sludge and different size of aggregates. Hypo sludge has a very good content of Cao and thus it works as a partial replacement material in construction process. This study examines 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement of hypo sludge in place of cement in concrete for M20 and then tested for its compressive strength. The result shows that the strength of the concrete increases by adding hypo sludge up to 10%. However, further increase in hypo sludge decreases the compressive strength. Also, rate analysis has been done which concludes that the rate of the concrete decreases on replacing the cement with hypo sludge. The aim of this study is to make eco-friendly building material and to see how the concrete behaves on replacing the cement with the hypo sludge in various proportions. This study also examines the possibility of utilization of hypo sludge as a partial replacement material and it can be further used as cementitious material. It also helps with the disposal and pollution problems associated with paper industry waste
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SUB SOIL PROFILE USING GIS IAEME Publication
In this paper, GIS technology integrates common database operation such as query and statistical analysis benefits offered by maps. This ability distinguish GIS from other information system and makes it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcome and planning strategies. The soils at various places of the particular area are collected at the closest distance. QGIS open source software is used for mapping. We have collected samples from four places. From each place 6 KG of soil is collected. The current latitude and longitude position from where the samples are taken are located using GPS and are noted down. The Test was Carried on the Shear strength of the Soil are found by the Direct Shear Test, Bearing capacity of the Soil are found by the CBR(California Bearing Ratio, Permeability of the Soil are found by the Falling Head Flow Method for the Different Location.
Workability studies on concrete with ggbs as a replacement material for cemen...iaemedu
This document discusses a study on the workability of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement for cement. The workability of M20 and M25 grade concrete mixes was tested with 0-100% replacement of cement by GGBS, both with and without a superplasticizer. Various workability tests were conducted including slump testing, compaction factor testing, vee-bee consistometer testing, and flow table testing. The results showed that up to a certain percentage replacement, usually around 50-60%, the workability of the concrete increased with GGBS replacement as measured by the different tests. Above this percentage, the workability began to decrease with further GGBS
Performance of lateritic concrete under environmental harsh conditioneSAT Journals
This document investigates the performance of lateritic concrete under different environmental conditions by varying the ratio of laterite to fine aggregate in concrete mixes. Cubes made with different ratios (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) were subjected to high temperatures, wetting and drying cycles, and chemical exposure. The results showed that compressive strength generally decreased with increased laterite ratio under wetting/drying cycles but increased when exposed to magnesium sulfate. A ratio of 20% laterite attained the highest strength of 12.9 MPa after heating to 100°C, indicating it provides optimal performance under harsh, tropical weathering.
The document summarizes research on the effects of using magnetized water in concrete. Eighteen concrete mixes were produced using either tap water or water treated with a 0.75 Tesla magnetic field. Tests found that mixes using magnetized water had higher slump values, indicating better workability, with increases up to 25%. Compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths were also higher, with compressive strength increases of up to 20%. Tests on three cement types found magnetized water increased consistency and compressive strength. The research suggests magnetized water produces concrete with improved fresh and hardened properties.
This document summarizes an experimental study on replacing natural river sand and coarse aggregate with manufactured sand (M-sand) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) aggregate in concrete. M25 grade concrete was produced with 0-50% replacement of river sand by M-sand and 0-30% replacement of coarse aggregate by GGBS aggregate. Compressive and flexural strengths were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. Results showed that replacing river sand by 75% M-sand and coarse aggregate by 20% GGBS aggregate produced concrete with optimal strength. This replacement improved bonding between particles in the concrete due to the irregular shapes and sizes of M-sand and GGBS
An Experimental Study on Durability of Concrete Using Fly Ash & GGBS for M30 ...IJERD Editor
Concrete when subjected to severe environments its durability can significantly decline due to
degradation. Degradation of concrete structures by corrosion is a serious problem and has major economic
implications. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the durability of concrete using the mineral
admixtures like Fly Ash & Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for M30 grade concrete.Cube
Specimens were casted and are immersed in normal water, sea water, H2SO4 of various concentrations and were
tested after 7 days, 28 days & 60 days.
Durability Studies on Concrete with Hypo Sludge as Partial Replacement of CementIJERA Editor
This paper summarizes the research work on the properties of hypo sludge when used as partial replacement for
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in concrete. OPC was replaced with hypo sludge by weight at 0%, 5%, 10%,
15%, 20% and 25%. 0% replacement served as the control. Compacting factor test was carried out on fresh
concrete while Compressive Strength test was carried out on hardened 150mm concrete cubes after 7, 14 and 28
days curing in water. The results revealed that the Compacting factor decreased as the percentage replacement
of OPC with hypo sludge increased. The compressive strength of the hardened concrete also decreased with
increasing OPC replacement with hypo sludge. It is recommended that further studies be carried out to gather
more facts about the suitability of partial replacement of OPC with hypo sludge in concrete.
To mitigate emission of carbon dioxide and other green gases, it is necessary to develop alternative ways by which sustainable development can be improved. This paper discusses various combination of cement with hypo sludge and different size of aggregates. Hypo sludge has a very good content of Cao and thus it works as a partial replacement material in construction process. This study examines 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement of hypo sludge in place of cement in concrete for M20 and then tested for its compressive strength. The result shows that the strength of the concrete increases by adding hypo sludge up to 10%. However, further increase in hypo sludge decreases the compressive strength. Also, rate analysis has been done which concludes that the rate of the concrete decreases on replacing the cement with hypo sludge. The aim of this study is to make eco-friendly building material and to see how the concrete behaves on replacing the cement with the hypo sludge in various proportions. This study also examines the possibility of utilization of hypo sludge as a partial replacement material and it can be further used as cementitious material. It also helps with the disposal and pollution problems associated with paper industry waste
As concrete is the most abundant material used in the world, it contains aggregate content of around 60 to 70 %. Since aggregate are being used rapidly there has been a scarcity in the avaibility of these materials. This research investigates the effect of partially replacing aggregates by burnt brick bats and lateritic fines in concrete respectively for M25 grade concrete. The incorporation is done for 5%, 10% and 15% of burnt brick bats for coarse aggregate and by talking 15% of lateritic fines as constant for fine aggregate by conducting compressive strength test which gave the optimum value of 15% for natural sand. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength was conducted. The results showed density of of the concrete incorporating brick and laterite was lower compared to conventional concrete, the concrete with 5% burnt brick and 15% lateritic soil showed increased strength for 7 days compared to normal concrete but when 28 days test was conducted the strength was similar to conventional concrete. The split tensile and flexural strength of replaced concrete was found to be lower than the nominal concrete.
This document provides an overview of green concrete, which is a more sustainable type of concrete made with recycled and waste materials. It discusses how green concrete uses materials like recycled demolition waste, fly ash, and quarry dust as partial substitutes for cement, making production more eco-friendly while remaining comparable in cost. The document outlines the objectives, advantages, disadvantages and applications of green concrete, and provides examples of previous literature on the topic. It concludes that green concrete has significant potential to reduce environmental impacts compared to traditional concrete, while remaining economically viable.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Concrete with Replacement of Fine Aggreg...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates using granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Various concrete mixtures were prepared with 0%, 20%, 50%, 70%, and 90% replacement of sand with GBFS. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures were then tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that GBFS can partially replace sand in concrete, with strengths comparable to the control mixture depending on the replacement level. Using GBFS provides benefits of reducing environmental impacts from sand mining and disposal of industrial waste slag.
IRJET - Effect of Mix Proportion on Compressive Strength and Permeability of ...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the effect of mix proportions on the compressive strength and permeability of pervious concrete. Compressive strength and permeability tests were conducted on samples with aggregate to cement ratios of 4:1, 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1 and water to cement ratios of 0.4 and 0.45. The results showed that as the aggregate to cement ratio increased, compressive strength decreased but permeability increased. Mixes with lower aggregate to cement ratios of 4:1 and 6:1 produced higher strength and lower permeability, making them suitable for applications requiring both properties. Mixes with higher ratios of 8:1 and 10:1 were better for applications requiring high permeability but lower strength.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH VOLUME GROUND GRANUL...IAEME Publication
This paper reports the effect of high volume of GGBS on the properties of structural
concrete. In this study, GGBS is physically and chemically characterized and partially
replaced in the ratio of 10% to 90% by weight of cement. The fresh properties of GGBS
concrete like slump test and hardened properties like compressive strength, Split tensile
strength, Modulus of Elasticity are carried out. In addition to this the carbon foot prints are
also calculated and the savings per capita per year is determined for reduction of usage of
cement. The test results indicated that fresh and hardened properties of the GGBS concrete
increases as the percentage of replacement of GGBS increases up to certain extent
This document summarizes an experimental study on the effects of partially replacing cement and fine aggregate with fly ash and glass aggregate in concrete. Concrete cubes were made with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacements of cement with fly ash and 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacements of fine aggregate with glass aggregate. The cubes were tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength generally increased with 10-20% replacements, and decreased with 30% replacements. The highest 28-day compressive strengths were 43.26 MPa with 0% cement and 20% fine aggregate replacements, and 43.73 MPa with 10% cement and 20% fine aggregate replacements.
This study investigated the engineering properties of fly ash concrete for rigid pavement construction. Concrete cubes and beams were prepared with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% fly ash replacement of cement by weight. The specimens were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, and workability at various ages. Results showed that compressive and flexural strength increased up to 30% fly ash replacement, with the highest 28-day compressive strength of 45.95 MPa. Workability decreased with increasing fly ash content. The study concluded that 30% fly ash replacement provided superior performance while reducing cement costs and waste.
Properties of Brick Aggregate Concrete as Influenced by the Strength of Brickijtsrd
The principal aim of this study was to research the influence of the strength of brick on the properties of brick aggregate concrete. In doing that the water cement ratio by weight and curing period of concrete for all specimens was kept fixed. The sort of brick as a source of coarse aggregate was the sole variable during this study. Three varieties of brick were utilized during this study to vary the strength of aggregate. These are picked first class brick and second class brick. The mix ratio by volume were 1 1.25 2.5 and 1 1.5 3.0. The fineness modulus of combined sand 50 Sylhet 50 Local was 1.88. Tests were administered on cylinder and prism specimens. Emphasis was given to studying the fundamental properties of hardened concrete like compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and tensile strength. Attempts were made to form a relation between the properties of concrete and also the strength of bricks. The test results have shown that the properties of concrete the compressive strength, f’c modulus of rupture, fr split tensile strength, fsp and modulus of elasticity, Ecinitially increases at the subsequent rate with the increase of the strength of brick, and then the rate decreases. Md. Mahfujur Rahman | Md. Shohrab Hossain Pavel | Md. Rashedul Islam | Yousuf Ali | Md. Shafiqul Islam | Md. Shariful Islam | Md. Abdul Gone | Shafiqur Rahman "Properties of Brick Aggregate Concrete as Influenced by the Strength of Brick" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35759.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/35759/properties-of-brick-aggregate-concrete-as-influenced-by-the-strength-of-brick/md-mahfujur-rahman
Partial replacement of wood ash and quarry dust with cement and sand to studyIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that partially replaced cement and sand in concrete with wood ash and quarry dust to examine the strength properties. Wood ash and quarry dust are industrial byproducts that can potentially be used as supplementary cementitious materials. The study developed concrete mixes with varying replacement levels of wood ash for cement and quarry dust for sand. The compressive strength of the concrete mixtures was then tested at different curing periods. The results showed that compressive strength decreased with higher levels of wood ash but increased with longer curing times. An optimal replacement level of 45% sand with quarry dust was also identified. The aim was to utilize industrial waste materials to reduce the cost and environmental impact of concrete production.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and TechnologyCompar...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Use of Over-Burnt Bricks as Coarse aggregate in ConcreteEditorIJAERD
In modern construction industry number of materials are used and one of the materials is Brick. Regular
bricks are generally used in buildings or in some other engineering applications. In manufacturing of these bricks, a lot
of waste is produced in the form of over- burnt-bricks. The bricks being near to the fire in the furnace receives a
temperature more heat and eventually shrink and loose its shape, its color becomes reddish. These bricks can’t be used
in construction, directly because of their distorted shape dark color. hose over-burnt brick could be a source of recycled
coarse aggregate. The primary goal of this paper is to assess the suitability of incorporating over-burnt bricks in
concrete, by the partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with overburnt brick aggregate (OBBA) in a
ratio of 20%, 50%, and 100%. Initially, mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57 was selected. By replacing NCA with
OBBA while using mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57, the resulting concrete was found non-mixable and nonworkable. Thus, mix was designed (for targeted strength of 4ksi) for all replacement percentages. Slump test was
conducted for each replacement and the results show that by increasing replacement percentage the workability of
concrete decreases. the slump values are in between the range of 3–1.5 inches. For compressive strength the cylindrical
specimens of 6" x 12" were tested at 3, 7, and 28 days. For 20% replacement, the loss in compressive strength is 42.16%
for 3 days and for 7 and 28 days the loss is 46.96% and 61.37% respectively. For 50 % replacement, the loss in strength
for 3, 7 and 28 days is 29.73%, 30.87% and 58.29% respectively. For 100% replacement, the loss in strength for 3, 7 and
28 days is 48.65%, 55.65% and 69.19%.
Effect of using granulated steel slag in concrete mixes as an fine aggregate ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Steel slag is a waste product generated during the production of steel. These wastes are disposed in the form of landfills causes an enormous amount of land pollution. So for the increasing demand to protect the normal environment, especially in build-up areas, the needs to use these wastes are very important. In this paper, two types of concrete mixes were prepared with the different mixes for each type i.e. low strength and high strength concrete namely M25 and M50 respectively. The compressive, split tensile and flexural properties of concrete containing steel slag are compared with that of concrete containing river sand and also manufactured sand. But in this paper only the effect of using granulated steel slag in concrete mixes as an fine agate on compressive strength and workability is discussed. The properties of steel slag are also verified with the addition of GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace slag) as a replacement for cement. Keywords: River sand, steel slag, OPC, GGBS, M Sand, compressive strength.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF USING STEEL SLAG AGGREGATE AND CRUSHED LIMESTONE IN ASPH...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a comparative study of using steel slag aggregate and crushed limestone in asphalt concrete mixtures. The study found the optimal bitumen content was 5.02% for mixtures using crushed limestone aggregate and 5.60% for mixtures using steel slag aggregate. Testing showed the Marshall stability of mixtures using steel slag aggregate was 1.50 higher than those using crushed limestone, indicating steel slag mixtures may better resist rutting in hot climates. Analysis of the aggregates found steel slag had higher voids and required more bitumen to fill those voids compared to crushed limestone.
Concept of Regression Analysis in Concrete Mix Designijtsrd
In civil engineering, on site concrete mixing is very important .To determine compressive strength of concrete mix, statistical method is very useful. Regression analysis is an effective statistical technique. By analysing the laboratory concrete block/ cylinder tests , we can determine not only the correlation between compressive strength at different curing ages of concrete but also variation in material properties, ratios and variation in % of fly ash as a partial replacement of concrete. Manisha S. Kukade | Trupti S. Joshi | Sumit D. Sanghani"Concept of Regression Analysis in Concrete Mix Design" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10708.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/10708/concept-of-regression-analysis-in-concrete-mix-design/manisha-s-kukade
IRJET- Study on Strength of Timbercrete BlocksIRJET Journal
This study investigated the properties of timbercrete blocks made with partial replacements of sawdust for fine aggregate. Sawdust was replaced at rates of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by weight of fine aggregate. Solid blocks measuring 400mm x 160mm x 190mm were cast and tested for compressive strength and water absorption after 28 days of curing. Results showed the compressive strength started to decrease significantly above a 10% sawdust replacement rate. Water absorption increased with higher sawdust content, reaching up to 8.2% for 50% replacement. In conclusion, a 10% sawdust replacement provided comparable strength to conventional concrete blocks while utilizing an industrial waste material.
This study examined replacing cement with hypo sludge, a waste product from paper mills, at levels of 5%, 10%, and 15% in concrete mixes designed to M20 grade. Testing of compressive strength on concrete cubes found that strength increased up to 10% replacement but decreased with 15% replacement. A cost analysis also found that replacing cement with hypo sludge up to 10% reduced the cost of the concrete by up to 5.75% while maintaining strength. The aim of the study was to develop an eco-friendly and cost-efficient concrete utilizing an industrial waste product.
The Suitability of Crushed Over Burnt Bricks as Coarse Aggregate for ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using crushed over burnt bricks as coarse aggregate in concrete. Tests were conducted to determine the physical properties of crushed over burnt brick aggregates and their suitability for replacing traditional stone aggregates at different percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The density and compressive strength of the concrete mixes decreased as the percentage of burnt brick aggregate increased. Software analysis using ANSYS found that up to 50% replacement resulted in acceptable deformation, strain, and stress levels under a high load, suggesting burnt brick aggregate can be used as a partial replacement at up to 50% to create economical concrete.
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the performance of high-volume ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) concrete. GGBS was partially substituted for cement at rates of 10-90% by weight. Testing was conducted to determine the fresh properties (slump), compressive strength, split tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity of the concretes at various curing periods. The results showed that workability initially increased with GGBS content up to 50% replacement, then decreased, while the hardened properties generally improved with increasing GGBS up to 70% replacement. Using GGBS as a partial cement replacement produced concrete with equal or improved properties compared to the control mix.
The document discusses a study on the behavior of beams made with concrete where 10% of the coarse aggregate is replaced with waste rubber. Beams were cast with normal concrete and rubberized concrete. The rubberized concrete beams were tested and their load vs deflection behavior, initial cracking load, ultimate load, and stress-strain curves were compared to normal concrete beams. The results showed that using 10% rubber replacement led to an up to 10% reduction in ultimate load capacity but higher initial cracking loads. Thus, partially replacing coarse aggregate with waste rubber can help utilize waste while maintaining much of the strength of normal concrete.
Strength Characteristics of Concrete Produced by Replacing Fine Aggregates wi...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study investigating the strength properties of concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder and the addition of 2% basalt fiber. Concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders were cast with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder. The specimens were water cured for 7 and 28 days and then tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results showed that partial replacement of fine aggregate with marble powder, along with the addition of basalt fiber, can increase the strength of concrete at an economical cost while also providing an environmentally friendly way to dispose of industrial waste like marble powder.
Durability of standard concrete incorporatingiaemedu
The document discusses the durability of standard concrete incorporating supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) using the rapid chloride permeability test. It presents test results that show incorporating SCMs like fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin as partial replacements for cement in an M40 grade concrete mix can improve durability as measured by lower chloride ion permeability compared to conventional concrete without SCMs. The rapid chloride permeability test was performed on concrete specimens according to ASTM standards after 90 days of curing and the total charge passed through in coulombs was measured and used to determine the chloride permeability rating. Concrete mixes containing SCMs showed lower charge values, and therefore better durability ratings, than normal concrete without SCMs.
Durability of standard concrete incorporatingiaemedu
The document discusses the use of supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) to improve the durability of concrete. It presents results from a rapid chloride permeability test on standard M40 grade concrete with and without SCMs. The test measures the electrical conductance of concrete to evaluate its resistance to chloride ion penetration. Results showed that M40 concrete with 20% flyash replacement had the lowest charge passed (1275 Coulombs), indicating very low chloride permeability. M40 concrete with 10% silica fume and 10% metakaolin also showed improved durability compared to conventional concrete without SCMs. The addition of SCMs improves concrete impermeability and durability by reducing chloride ion diffusion.
As concrete is the most abundant material used in the world, it contains aggregate content of around 60 to 70 %. Since aggregate are being used rapidly there has been a scarcity in the avaibility of these materials. This research investigates the effect of partially replacing aggregates by burnt brick bats and lateritic fines in concrete respectively for M25 grade concrete. The incorporation is done for 5%, 10% and 15% of burnt brick bats for coarse aggregate and by talking 15% of lateritic fines as constant for fine aggregate by conducting compressive strength test which gave the optimum value of 15% for natural sand. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength was conducted. The results showed density of of the concrete incorporating brick and laterite was lower compared to conventional concrete, the concrete with 5% burnt brick and 15% lateritic soil showed increased strength for 7 days compared to normal concrete but when 28 days test was conducted the strength was similar to conventional concrete. The split tensile and flexural strength of replaced concrete was found to be lower than the nominal concrete.
This document provides an overview of green concrete, which is a more sustainable type of concrete made with recycled and waste materials. It discusses how green concrete uses materials like recycled demolition waste, fly ash, and quarry dust as partial substitutes for cement, making production more eco-friendly while remaining comparable in cost. The document outlines the objectives, advantages, disadvantages and applications of green concrete, and provides examples of previous literature on the topic. It concludes that green concrete has significant potential to reduce environmental impacts compared to traditional concrete, while remaining economically viable.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Concrete with Replacement of Fine Aggreg...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates using granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Various concrete mixtures were prepared with 0%, 20%, 50%, 70%, and 90% replacement of sand with GBFS. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures were then tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that GBFS can partially replace sand in concrete, with strengths comparable to the control mixture depending on the replacement level. Using GBFS provides benefits of reducing environmental impacts from sand mining and disposal of industrial waste slag.
IRJET - Effect of Mix Proportion on Compressive Strength and Permeability of ...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the effect of mix proportions on the compressive strength and permeability of pervious concrete. Compressive strength and permeability tests were conducted on samples with aggregate to cement ratios of 4:1, 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1 and water to cement ratios of 0.4 and 0.45. The results showed that as the aggregate to cement ratio increased, compressive strength decreased but permeability increased. Mixes with lower aggregate to cement ratios of 4:1 and 6:1 produced higher strength and lower permeability, making them suitable for applications requiring both properties. Mixes with higher ratios of 8:1 and 10:1 were better for applications requiring high permeability but lower strength.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH VOLUME GROUND GRANUL...IAEME Publication
This paper reports the effect of high volume of GGBS on the properties of structural
concrete. In this study, GGBS is physically and chemically characterized and partially
replaced in the ratio of 10% to 90% by weight of cement. The fresh properties of GGBS
concrete like slump test and hardened properties like compressive strength, Split tensile
strength, Modulus of Elasticity are carried out. In addition to this the carbon foot prints are
also calculated and the savings per capita per year is determined for reduction of usage of
cement. The test results indicated that fresh and hardened properties of the GGBS concrete
increases as the percentage of replacement of GGBS increases up to certain extent
This document summarizes an experimental study on the effects of partially replacing cement and fine aggregate with fly ash and glass aggregate in concrete. Concrete cubes were made with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacements of cement with fly ash and 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacements of fine aggregate with glass aggregate. The cubes were tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength generally increased with 10-20% replacements, and decreased with 30% replacements. The highest 28-day compressive strengths were 43.26 MPa with 0% cement and 20% fine aggregate replacements, and 43.73 MPa with 10% cement and 20% fine aggregate replacements.
This study investigated the engineering properties of fly ash concrete for rigid pavement construction. Concrete cubes and beams were prepared with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% fly ash replacement of cement by weight. The specimens were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, and workability at various ages. Results showed that compressive and flexural strength increased up to 30% fly ash replacement, with the highest 28-day compressive strength of 45.95 MPa. Workability decreased with increasing fly ash content. The study concluded that 30% fly ash replacement provided superior performance while reducing cement costs and waste.
Properties of Brick Aggregate Concrete as Influenced by the Strength of Brickijtsrd
The principal aim of this study was to research the influence of the strength of brick on the properties of brick aggregate concrete. In doing that the water cement ratio by weight and curing period of concrete for all specimens was kept fixed. The sort of brick as a source of coarse aggregate was the sole variable during this study. Three varieties of brick were utilized during this study to vary the strength of aggregate. These are picked first class brick and second class brick. The mix ratio by volume were 1 1.25 2.5 and 1 1.5 3.0. The fineness modulus of combined sand 50 Sylhet 50 Local was 1.88. Tests were administered on cylinder and prism specimens. Emphasis was given to studying the fundamental properties of hardened concrete like compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and tensile strength. Attempts were made to form a relation between the properties of concrete and also the strength of bricks. The test results have shown that the properties of concrete the compressive strength, f’c modulus of rupture, fr split tensile strength, fsp and modulus of elasticity, Ecinitially increases at the subsequent rate with the increase of the strength of brick, and then the rate decreases. Md. Mahfujur Rahman | Md. Shohrab Hossain Pavel | Md. Rashedul Islam | Yousuf Ali | Md. Shafiqul Islam | Md. Shariful Islam | Md. Abdul Gone | Shafiqur Rahman "Properties of Brick Aggregate Concrete as Influenced by the Strength of Brick" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35759.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/35759/properties-of-brick-aggregate-concrete-as-influenced-by-the-strength-of-brick/md-mahfujur-rahman
Partial replacement of wood ash and quarry dust with cement and sand to studyIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that partially replaced cement and sand in concrete with wood ash and quarry dust to examine the strength properties. Wood ash and quarry dust are industrial byproducts that can potentially be used as supplementary cementitious materials. The study developed concrete mixes with varying replacement levels of wood ash for cement and quarry dust for sand. The compressive strength of the concrete mixtures was then tested at different curing periods. The results showed that compressive strength decreased with higher levels of wood ash but increased with longer curing times. An optimal replacement level of 45% sand with quarry dust was also identified. The aim was to utilize industrial waste materials to reduce the cost and environmental impact of concrete production.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and TechnologyCompar...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Use of Over-Burnt Bricks as Coarse aggregate in ConcreteEditorIJAERD
In modern construction industry number of materials are used and one of the materials is Brick. Regular
bricks are generally used in buildings or in some other engineering applications. In manufacturing of these bricks, a lot
of waste is produced in the form of over- burnt-bricks. The bricks being near to the fire in the furnace receives a
temperature more heat and eventually shrink and loose its shape, its color becomes reddish. These bricks can’t be used
in construction, directly because of their distorted shape dark color. hose over-burnt brick could be a source of recycled
coarse aggregate. The primary goal of this paper is to assess the suitability of incorporating over-burnt bricks in
concrete, by the partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with overburnt brick aggregate (OBBA) in a
ratio of 20%, 50%, and 100%. Initially, mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57 was selected. By replacing NCA with
OBBA while using mix proportion of 1:2:4 and w/c of 0.57, the resulting concrete was found non-mixable and nonworkable. Thus, mix was designed (for targeted strength of 4ksi) for all replacement percentages. Slump test was
conducted for each replacement and the results show that by increasing replacement percentage the workability of
concrete decreases. the slump values are in between the range of 3–1.5 inches. For compressive strength the cylindrical
specimens of 6" x 12" were tested at 3, 7, and 28 days. For 20% replacement, the loss in compressive strength is 42.16%
for 3 days and for 7 and 28 days the loss is 46.96% and 61.37% respectively. For 50 % replacement, the loss in strength
for 3, 7 and 28 days is 29.73%, 30.87% and 58.29% respectively. For 100% replacement, the loss in strength for 3, 7 and
28 days is 48.65%, 55.65% and 69.19%.
Effect of using granulated steel slag in concrete mixes as an fine aggregate ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Steel slag is a waste product generated during the production of steel. These wastes are disposed in the form of landfills causes an enormous amount of land pollution. So for the increasing demand to protect the normal environment, especially in build-up areas, the needs to use these wastes are very important. In this paper, two types of concrete mixes were prepared with the different mixes for each type i.e. low strength and high strength concrete namely M25 and M50 respectively. The compressive, split tensile and flexural properties of concrete containing steel slag are compared with that of concrete containing river sand and also manufactured sand. But in this paper only the effect of using granulated steel slag in concrete mixes as an fine agate on compressive strength and workability is discussed. The properties of steel slag are also verified with the addition of GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace slag) as a replacement for cement. Keywords: River sand, steel slag, OPC, GGBS, M Sand, compressive strength.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF USING STEEL SLAG AGGREGATE AND CRUSHED LIMESTONE IN ASPH...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a comparative study of using steel slag aggregate and crushed limestone in asphalt concrete mixtures. The study found the optimal bitumen content was 5.02% for mixtures using crushed limestone aggregate and 5.60% for mixtures using steel slag aggregate. Testing showed the Marshall stability of mixtures using steel slag aggregate was 1.50 higher than those using crushed limestone, indicating steel slag mixtures may better resist rutting in hot climates. Analysis of the aggregates found steel slag had higher voids and required more bitumen to fill those voids compared to crushed limestone.
Concept of Regression Analysis in Concrete Mix Designijtsrd
In civil engineering, on site concrete mixing is very important .To determine compressive strength of concrete mix, statistical method is very useful. Regression analysis is an effective statistical technique. By analysing the laboratory concrete block/ cylinder tests , we can determine not only the correlation between compressive strength at different curing ages of concrete but also variation in material properties, ratios and variation in % of fly ash as a partial replacement of concrete. Manisha S. Kukade | Trupti S. Joshi | Sumit D. Sanghani"Concept of Regression Analysis in Concrete Mix Design" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10708.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/10708/concept-of-regression-analysis-in-concrete-mix-design/manisha-s-kukade
IRJET- Study on Strength of Timbercrete BlocksIRJET Journal
This study investigated the properties of timbercrete blocks made with partial replacements of sawdust for fine aggregate. Sawdust was replaced at rates of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by weight of fine aggregate. Solid blocks measuring 400mm x 160mm x 190mm were cast and tested for compressive strength and water absorption after 28 days of curing. Results showed the compressive strength started to decrease significantly above a 10% sawdust replacement rate. Water absorption increased with higher sawdust content, reaching up to 8.2% for 50% replacement. In conclusion, a 10% sawdust replacement provided comparable strength to conventional concrete blocks while utilizing an industrial waste material.
This study examined replacing cement with hypo sludge, a waste product from paper mills, at levels of 5%, 10%, and 15% in concrete mixes designed to M20 grade. Testing of compressive strength on concrete cubes found that strength increased up to 10% replacement but decreased with 15% replacement. A cost analysis also found that replacing cement with hypo sludge up to 10% reduced the cost of the concrete by up to 5.75% while maintaining strength. The aim of the study was to develop an eco-friendly and cost-efficient concrete utilizing an industrial waste product.
The Suitability of Crushed Over Burnt Bricks as Coarse Aggregate for ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using crushed over burnt bricks as coarse aggregate in concrete. Tests were conducted to determine the physical properties of crushed over burnt brick aggregates and their suitability for replacing traditional stone aggregates at different percentages (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The density and compressive strength of the concrete mixes decreased as the percentage of burnt brick aggregate increased. Software analysis using ANSYS found that up to 50% replacement resulted in acceptable deformation, strain, and stress levels under a high load, suggesting burnt brick aggregate can be used as a partial replacement at up to 50% to create economical concrete.
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the performance of high-volume ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) concrete. GGBS was partially substituted for cement at rates of 10-90% by weight. Testing was conducted to determine the fresh properties (slump), compressive strength, split tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity of the concretes at various curing periods. The results showed that workability initially increased with GGBS content up to 50% replacement, then decreased, while the hardened properties generally improved with increasing GGBS up to 70% replacement. Using GGBS as a partial cement replacement produced concrete with equal or improved properties compared to the control mix.
The document discusses a study on the behavior of beams made with concrete where 10% of the coarse aggregate is replaced with waste rubber. Beams were cast with normal concrete and rubberized concrete. The rubberized concrete beams were tested and their load vs deflection behavior, initial cracking load, ultimate load, and stress-strain curves were compared to normal concrete beams. The results showed that using 10% rubber replacement led to an up to 10% reduction in ultimate load capacity but higher initial cracking loads. Thus, partially replacing coarse aggregate with waste rubber can help utilize waste while maintaining much of the strength of normal concrete.
Strength Characteristics of Concrete Produced by Replacing Fine Aggregates wi...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study investigating the strength properties of concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder and the addition of 2% basalt fiber. Concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders were cast with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement of fine aggregate by marble powder. The specimens were water cured for 7 and 28 days and then tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results showed that partial replacement of fine aggregate with marble powder, along with the addition of basalt fiber, can increase the strength of concrete at an economical cost while also providing an environmentally friendly way to dispose of industrial waste like marble powder.
Durability of standard concrete incorporatingiaemedu
The document discusses the durability of standard concrete incorporating supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) using the rapid chloride permeability test. It presents test results that show incorporating SCMs like fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin as partial replacements for cement in an M40 grade concrete mix can improve durability as measured by lower chloride ion permeability compared to conventional concrete without SCMs. The rapid chloride permeability test was performed on concrete specimens according to ASTM standards after 90 days of curing and the total charge passed through in coulombs was measured and used to determine the chloride permeability rating. Concrete mixes containing SCMs showed lower charge values, and therefore better durability ratings, than normal concrete without SCMs.
Durability of standard concrete incorporatingiaemedu
The document discusses the use of supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) to improve the durability of concrete. It presents results from a rapid chloride permeability test on standard M40 grade concrete with and without SCMs. The test measures the electrical conductance of concrete to evaluate its resistance to chloride ion penetration. Results showed that M40 concrete with 20% flyash replacement had the lowest charge passed (1275 Coulombs), indicating very low chloride permeability. M40 concrete with 10% silica fume and 10% metakaolin also showed improved durability compared to conventional concrete without SCMs. The addition of SCMs improves concrete impermeability and durability by reducing chloride ion diffusion.
An experimental investigation on effect of ggbs and glass fibre in high perfIAEME Publication
This study investigated the effects of partially replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and adding glass fibers on the properties of high performance concrete (HPC). Ten concrete mixes were tested with 0-10% GGBS replacement and 0.1-0.3% glass fiber content. Compressive, split tensile, and flexural strength were evaluated at 28 days. The 7.5% GGBS and 0.3% glass fiber mix achieved the highest strengths of 76.96 MPa, 6.52 MPa, and 6.62 MPa respectively. This mix performed better than the control mix in strength and durability due to the pozzolanic effect of GGB
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Brick with Partially Replacement of ...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates partially replacing cement with corn cob ash in brick production to reduce costs and environmental impacts. Various mixtures of cement, corn cob ash, and sand were tested at replacement rates of 50%, 60%, and 70%, and the compressive strengths were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. Results showed that replacement rates of 50-60% corn cob ash provided adequate compressive strength while lowering costs, making it a viable and more sustainable partial cement replacement.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Brick with Partially Replacement of Ceme...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates partially replacing cement with corn cob ash in brick production to reduce costs and environmental impacts. Various mixtures of cement, corn cob ash, and sand were tested at replacement rates of 50%, 60%, and 70%, and the compressive strengths were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. Results showed that replacement rates of 50-60% corn cob ash provided adequate compressive strength while lowering costs compared to traditional cement bricks.
Durability studies on high strength high performance concrete 2IAEME Publication
The document discusses durability studies on high strength high performance concrete. Three key findings are:
1) Initial surface absorption values for the mixes studied were generally low, below 0.17 ml/m2/s after 10 minutes, indicating dense microstructure limiting water ingress.
2) For a given microsilica content, there exists an optimum superplasticizer dosage that yields best durability results, and this dosage increases with increasing microsilica.
3) At the same powder content, mixes with higher cement content exhibited lower absorption and permeability, emphasizing the complex relationship between cement, microsilica and superplasticizer quantities.
Laboratory Analysis of Fly Ash Mix Cement Concrete for Rigid Pavement.IJERA Editor
This study investigated the engineering properties of fly ash concrete for rigid pavement construction. Concrete cubes and beams were prepared with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% fly ash replacement of cement by weight. The specimens were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, and workability at various ages. Results showed that compressive and flexural strength increased up to 30% fly ash replacement compared to the control mix. Workability decreased with higher fly ash content due to the spherical shape of fly ash particles. The study concluded that 30% fly ash concrete provides acceptable strength for rigid pavements while providing environmental and economic benefits over traditional concrete.
IRJET - Flexural Behaviour on Fiber Reinforced Bubble Deck Beam with Recycled...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the flexural behavior of fiber reinforced bubble deck beams that use recycled aggregates. A bubble deck beam is a beam where the core material in the middle is replaced with hollow spheres to reduce weight. In this study, the core concrete of beams was partially replaced with high-density polyethylene balls. Recycled coarse aggregates were used to replace 100% of natural coarse aggregates. Recron 3s polyester fibers were added in dosages from 1-4% by weight of fine aggregate to improve concrete properties. Beams were cast and tested to determine flexural strength, compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and split tensile strength at various curing periods. The results were compared to a control beam without fibers
Durability studies on high strength high performance concreteIAEME Publication
This document discusses a study on the durability of high-strength, high-performance concrete (HPC). The study examined the influence of aggregate gradation, cement content, microsilica, and superplasticizer on the durability of HPC. Tests were performed to determine the initial surface absorption, water absorption, sorptivity, and chloride ion permeability of different HPC mixes. The results indicate that for a given microsilica content, there is an optimal superplasticizer dosage that yields the best durability results, and this dosage increases with increasing microsilica. Mixes with the same powder content but higher cement content exhibited lower absorption and permeability. The study emphasizes the complex interrelationships between cement, microsilica
Study on the Effect of Ggbs & M Sand in Self Compacting oncretetheijes
Conventional concrete is the most widely used construction material throughout the world because of its versality, mouldability, durability, and resistance to fire and energy efficiency. However, its major disadvantages like poor tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking resists its use as a structural material. Hence, in order to overcome these difficulties several new materials have been developed in the recent past.Admixtures are ingredients other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement and fibers that are added to the concrete batch immediately before or during mixing. Mineral admixtures are usually added to concrete in larger amounts to enhance the workability of fresh concrete, to improve resistance of concrete to thermal cracking, alkali-aggregate expansion and sulphate attack and to enable a reduction in cement content. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various mineral admixtures in producing SCC. In this study the scope of GGBS ( Ground granular blast furnace slag ) as a mineral admixture to some percentage replace cement in SCC were studied. The study showed that a maximum of 50% GGBS were able to be used as a mineral admixture without affecting the self-compactability
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Effect of Sand Content in Pervious ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document experimentally investigates the effect of sand content on the compressive strength and permeability of pervious concrete. Six mix designs with varying percentages of fine aggregate (0-10% by weight of coarse aggregate) were tested. Test results showed that compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength increased with higher sand content, while permeability decreased. The mix with 10% sand content produced the highest strengths and lowest permeability, indicating sand content affects the balance between strength and permeability in pervious concrete.
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated using iron ore slag dust as a replacement for natural aggregates in concrete. Specifically:
- Iron ore slag dust was collected from iron ore extraction fields and used to replace fine aggregates (less than 4.65mm in size) in concrete at replacement levels of 30% and 40% by weight.
- Concrete mixes were designed to have a water-cement ratio ranging from 8-15% and targeted a compressive strength of M20 grade concrete.
- Test blocks were cast and cured for 7 days, after which their compressive strengths were tested and compared to normal concrete blocks.
- The results showed that it is possible to produce medium and high strength
Study On Partial Replacement Of Fine Aggregates In Concrete By Recycled Concr...IRJET Journal
The document studies the effect of partially replacing fine aggregates in concrete with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). Concrete mixtures were developed with 0-30% replacement of fine aggregates with RCA at 5% intervals. Testing showed workability decreased with higher RCA content due to higher water absorption. Compressive, tensile, and flexural strength generally increased up to 15% RCA replacement compared to conventional concrete, with 25% replacement also showing satisfactory results. The optimum RCA replacement was found to be 25% based on the experimental results.
Comparative study of cement concrete and geopolymer masonry blockseSAT Journals
This study compares the properties of cement concrete masonry blocks and geopolymer masonry blocks. Geopolymer blocks were produced using fly ash and GGBS, while cement blocks used cement. The blocks were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days for properties like density, water absorption, compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity. Results showed geopolymer blocks had lower density, lower water absorption, and higher compressive strength than cement blocks. Geopolymer blocks also exhibited higher modulus of elasticity and could be cured without water. The study concludes geopolymer blocks perform better than cement blocks and can be recommended for use as structural masonry units.
Comparative study of cement concrete and geopolymer masonry blockseSAT Journals
Abstract
It is well known that the production of cement is extremely resource and energy intensive process producing an equal amount of CO2
per ton of cement. Hence, due to growing environmental concerns of the cement industry, there is a need to develop alternative
materials such as fly ash, Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Also there is a need to develop masonry units using these
alternative materials for sustainability. Geopolymer technology makes use of fly ash which is a byproduct of thermal power plants. In
the present research, cement and geopolymer blocks are produced by the same method. The basic properties of these masonry units
such as compressive strength, density, modulus of elasticity, Initial rate of absorption (IRA) and water absorption are determined and
compared. The results indicate that Geopolymer blocks posses superior properties compared to traditional cement blocks.
Geopolymer blocks can be recommended for the use as masonry units for structural masonry. Thus the use of conventional cement
can be eliminated.
Similar to Workability studies on concrete with ggbs as a replacement material for cement with and without superplasticiser (20)
Tech transfer making it as a risk free approach in pharmaceutical and biotech iniaemedu
Tech transfer is a common methodology for transferring new products or an existing
commercial product to R&D or to another manufacturing site. Transferring product knowledge to the
manufacturing floor is crucial and it is an ongoing approach in the pharmaceutical and biotech
industry. Without adopting this process, no company can manufacture its niche products, let alone
market them. Technology transfer is a complicated, process because it is highly cross functional. Due
to its cross functional dependence, these projects face numerous risks and failure. If anidea cannot be
successfully brought out in the form of a product, there is no customer benefit, or satisfaction.
Moreover, high emphasis is in sustaining manufacturing with highest quality each and every time. It
is vital that tech transfer projects need to be executed flawlessly. To accomplish this goal, risk
management is crucial and project team needs to use the risk management approach seamlessly.
Integration of feature sets with machine learning techniquesiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel approach for spam filtering using selective feature sets combined with machine learning techniques. The paper presents an algorithm and system architecture that extracts feature sets from emails and uses machine learning to classify emails and generate rules to identify spam. Several metrics are identified to evaluate the efficiency of the feature sets, including false positive rate. An experiment is described that uses keyword lists as feature sets to train filters and compares the proposed approach to other spam filtering methods.
Effective broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks using gridiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new grid-based broadcasting mechanism for mobile ad hoc networks. The paper argues that flooding approaches to broadcasting are inefficient and cause network congestion. The proposed approach divides the network into a hierarchical grid structure. When a node needs to broadcast a message, it sends the message to the first node in the appropriate grid, which is then responsible for updating and forwarding the message within that grid. Simulation results showed the grid-based approach outperformed other broadcasting protocols and was more reliable, efficient and scalable.
Effect of scenario environment on the performance of mane ts routingiaemedu
The document analyzes the effect of scenario environment on the performance of the AODV routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It studies AODV performance under different scenarios varying network size, maximum node speed, and pause time. The performance is evaluated based on packet delivery ratio, throughput, and end-to-end delay. The results show that AODV performs best in some scenarios and worse in others, indicating that scenario parameters significantly impact routing protocol performance in MANETs.
Adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applicationiaemedu
This document discusses adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applications in a grid platform. It begins with an abstract that describes grid computing and how scheduling plays a key role in performance for grid workflow applications. Both static and dynamic scheduling strategies are discussed, but they require high scheduling costs and may not produce good schedules. The paper then proposes a novel semi-dynamic algorithm that allows the schedule to adapt to changes in the dynamic grid environment through both static and dynamic scheduling. Load balancing is incorporated to handle situations where jobs are delayed due to resource fluctuations or overloading of processors. The rest of the paper outlines the related works, proposed scheduling algorithm, system model, and evaluation of the approach.
This document summarizes research on transaction reordering techniques. It discusses transaction reordering approaches based on reducing resource conflicts and increasing resource sharing. Specifically, it covers:
1) A "steal-on-abort" technique that reorders an aborted transaction behind the transaction that caused the abort to avoid repeated conflicts.
2) A replication protocol that attempts to reorder transactions during certification to avoid aborts rather than restarting immediately.
3) Transaction reordering and grouping during continuous data loading to prevent deadlocks when loading data for materialized join views.
The document discusses semantic web services and their challenges. It provides an overview of semantic web technologies like WSDL, SOAP, UDDI, and OIL which are used to build semantic web services. The semantic web architecture adds semantics to web services through ontologies written in OWL and DAML+OIL. Key approaches to semantic web services include annotation, composition, and addressing privacy and security. However, semantic web services still face challenges in achieving their full potential due to issues in representation, reasoning, and a lack of real-world applications and data.
Website based patent information searching mechanismiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a website-based patent information searching mechanism. It discusses how patent information can be used for technology development, rights acquisition and utilization, and management information. It describes different types of patent searches including novelty, validity, infringement, and state-of-the-art searches. It also evaluates and compares two major patent websites, Delphion and USPTO, in terms of their search capabilities and features.
Revisiting the experiment on detecting of replay and message modificationiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes methods for detecting message modification and replay attacks in ad-hoc wireless networks. It begins with background on security issues in wireless networks and types of attacks. It then reviews existing intrusion detection systems and security techniques. Related work that detects attacks using features from the media access control layer or radio frequency fingerprinting is also discussed. The paper aims to present a simple, economical, and platform-independent system for detecting message modification, replay attacks, and unauthorized users in ad-hoc networks.
1) The document discusses the Cyclic Model Analysis (CMA) technique for sequential pattern mining which aims to predict customer purchasing behavior.
2) CMA calculates the Trend Distribution Function from sequential patterns to model purchasing trends over time. It then uses Generalized Periodicity Detection and Trend Modeling to identify periodic patterns and construct an approximating model.
3) The Cyclic Model Analysis algorithm is applied to further analyze the patterns, dividing the domain into segments where the distribution function is increasing or decreasing and applying the other techniques recursively to fully model the cyclic behavior.
Performance analysis of manet routing protocol in presenceiaemedu
This document analyzes the performance of different routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) under hybrid traffic conditions. It simulates a MANET with 50 nodes moving at speeds up to 20 m/s using the AODV, DSDV, and DSR routing protocols. Traffic included both constant bit rate and variable bit rate sources. Results found that AODV had lower average end-to-end delay and higher packet delivery ratios than DSDV and DSR as the percentage of variable bit rate traffic increased. AODV also performed comparably under both low and high node mobility scenarios with hybrid traffic.
Performance measurement of different requirements engineeringiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the performance of different requirements engineering (RE) process models. It describes three RE process models - two existing linear models and the authors' iterative model. It also reviews literature on common RE activities and issues with descriptive models not reflecting real-world practices. The authors conducted interviews at two Indian companies to model their RE processes and compare them to the three models. They found the existing linear models did not fully capture the iterative nature of observed RE processes.
This document proposes a mobile safety system for automobiles that uses Android operating system. The system has two main components: a safety device and an automobile base unit. The safety device allows users to monitor the vehicle's location on a map, check its status, and control functions remotely. It communicates with the base unit in the vehicle using GPRS. The base unit collects data from sensors, determines the vehicle's GPS location, and can execute control commands like activating the brakes or switching off the engine. The document provides details on the design and algorithms of both components and includes examples of Java code implementation. The goal is to create an intelligent, secure and easy-to-use mobile safety system for vehicles using embedded systems and Android
Efficient text compression using special character replacementiaemedu
The document describes a proposed algorithm for efficient text compression using special character replacement and space removal. The algorithm replaces words with non-printable ASCII characters or combinations of characters to compress text files. It uses a dynamic dictionary to map words to their symbols. Spaces are removed from the compressed file in some cases to further reduce file size. Experimental results show the algorithm achieves better compression ratios than LZW, WinZip 10.0 and WinRAR 3.93 for various text file types while allowing lossless decompression.
The document discusses agile programming and proposes a new methodology. It provides an overview of existing agile methodologies like Scrum and Extreme Programming. Scrum uses short sprints to define tasks and deadlines. Extreme Programming focuses on practices like test-first development, pair programming, and continuous integration. The document notes drawbacks like an inability to support large or multi-site projects. It proposes designing a new methodology that combines the advantages of existing methods while overcoming their deficiencies.
Adaptive load balancing techniques in global scale grid environmentiaemedu
The document discusses various adaptive load balancing techniques for distributed applications in grid environments. It first describes adaptive mesh refinement algorithms that partition computational domains using space-filling curves or by distributing grids independently or at different levels. It also discusses dynamic load balancing using tiling and multi-criteria geometric partitioning. The document then covers repartitioning algorithms based on multilevel diffusion and the adaptive characteristics of structured adaptive mesh refinement applications. Finally, it discusses adaptive workload balancing on heterogeneous resources by benchmarking resource characteristics and estimating application parameters to find optimal load distribution.
A survey on the performance of job scheduling in workflow applicationiaemedu
This document summarizes a survey on job scheduling performance in workflow applications on grid platforms. It discusses an adaptive dual objective scheduling (ADOS) algorithm that takes both completion time and resource usage into account for measuring schedule performance. The study shows ADOS delivers good performance in completion time, resource usage, and robustness to changes in resource performance. It also describes the system architecture used, which includes a planner and executor component. The planner focuses on scheduling to minimize completion time while considering resource usage, and can reschedule if needed. The executor enacts the schedule on the grid resources.
A survey of mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networksiaemedu
This document summarizes existing methods to detect misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses how routing protocols assume nodes will cooperate fully, but misbehavior like packet dropping can occur. It describes several techniques to detect misbehavior, including watchdog, ACK/SACK, TWOACK, S-TWOACK, and credit-based/reputation-based schemes. Credit-based schemes use virtual currencies to provide incentives for nodes to forward packets, while reputation-based schemes track nodes' past behaviors. The document aims to survey approaches for mitigating the impact of misbehaving nodes in MANET routing.
A novel approach for satellite imagery storage by classifyiaemedu
This document presents a novel approach for classifying and storing satellite imagery by detecting and storing only non-duplicate regions. It uses kernel principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality and extract features of satellite images. Fuzzy N-means clustering is then used to segment the images into blocks. A duplication detection algorithm compares blocks to identify duplicate and non-duplicate regions. Only the non-duplicate regions are stored in the database, improving storage efficiency and updating speed compared to completely replacing existing images. Support vector machines are used to categorize the non-duplicate blocks into the appropriate classes in the existing images.
A self recovery approach using halftone images for medical imageryiaemedu
This document summarizes a proposed approach for securely transferring medical images over the internet using visual cryptography and halftone images. The approach uses error diffusion techniques to generate a halftone host image from the grayscale medical image. Shadow images are then created from the halftone host image using visual cryptography algorithms. When stacked together, the shadow images reveal the secret medical image. The halftone host image also contains an embedded logo that can be extracted to verify the integrity of the reconstructed image without a trusted third party.