The document discusses the durability of standard concrete incorporating supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) using the rapid chloride permeability test. It presents test results that show incorporating SCMs like fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin as partial replacements for cement in an M40 grade concrete mix can improve durability as measured by lower chloride ion permeability compared to conventional concrete without SCMs. The rapid chloride permeability test was performed on concrete specimens according to ASTM standards after 90 days of curing and the total charge passed through in coulombs was measured and used to determine the chloride permeability rating. Concrete mixes containing SCMs showed lower charge values, and therefore better durability ratings, than normal concrete without SCMs.
Durability studies on high strength high performance concreteIAEME Publication
This document discusses a study on the durability of high-strength, high-performance concrete (HPC). The study examined the influence of aggregate gradation, cement content, microsilica, and superplasticizer on the durability of HPC. Tests were performed to determine the initial surface absorption, water absorption, sorptivity, and chloride ion permeability of different HPC mixes. The results indicate that for a given microsilica content, there is an optimal superplasticizer dosage that yields the best durability results, and this dosage increases with increasing microsilica. Mixes with the same powder content but higher cement content exhibited lower absorption and permeability. The study emphasizes the complex interrelationships between cement, microsilica
A study on influence of fly ash and nano silica on strength properties of co...IAEME Publication
The document discusses a study on the influence of fly ash and nano-silica on the strength properties of concrete. Concrete samples were produced by partially replacing cement with 20% and 30% fly ash and 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% nano-silica. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of the samples were tested and compared to a control concrete. The results showed that concrete with 20% fly ash and 3% nano-silica replacement achieved the highest strengths. The increased strengths are attributed to improved particle packing and additional binder from the fly ash and nano-silica.
Impact test on geopolymer concrete slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Geopolymer is an eco-friendly binding material alternative for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Geopolymer concrete is
produced by mixing fly ash, GGBS, alkaline solution, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Alkaline solution is composed of
NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution. This paper deals with the study of impact resistance capacity of geopolymer concrete slabs
subjected to impact loading. For this study, ten specimens of size 600 mm (length) × 600 mm (width) × 60 mm (thick) were casted
with nine different combination of geopolymer concrete mix using different molar sodium hydroxide solutions and different
percentages of mineral admixtures and a normal concrete slab as control slab. The molarity of NaOH solution used was 8M, 12M
and 16M. Fly ash and GGBS admixtures were used in three different ratios of 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50.The slabs were oven cured
at 600C for 24 hours. These slabs were subjected to impact loading by drop weight test method. All the slabs were tested under a
drop weight of 75.50 N through a guide pipe from a height of 700mm. The results obtained from this study showed that with the
increase in molarity of NaOH solution, the strength characteristics and the impact resistance capacity of the specimen increases.
Also increase in percentage of GGBS content as replacement for Fly ash content increases the impact resistance and overall
strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete. From the test results, geopolymer concrete slab with 16M NaOH solution using
50:50 Fly ash and GGBS content showed higher impact energy absorption capacity as compared other geopolymer mixes.
Key Words: Geopolymer, Molarity, Impact loading, First crack, Ultimate failure etc…
Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement by Fly Ash and Metakaolin on Concrete...IRJET Journal
This study investigated the effects of partially replacing cement with fly ash and metakaolin, and using manufactured sand (M-sand) instead of river sand on the compressive and split tensile strengths of concrete. Several concrete mixes were tested with cement replaced at 15% with metakaolin and fly ash at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The results showed improvements in strength properties compared to a control mix. Compressive strength was found to increase with greater percentages of metakaolin and fly ash replacement. The study concluded that using metakaolin and fly ash as partial replacements for cement can enhance concrete strength while reducing costs and environmental impacts.
This paper presents part of the results of an ongoing laboratory study carried out to study on
strength and durability characteristics of ternary concrete made with and without ternary mixtures of
cement-fly ash- silica fume. In the present work an attempt has been made to study the strength
properties of ternary concrete in compression, tension and flexure and also durability aspects of
ternary blended concrete. In the investigation, M25 Grade concrete mix is designed with different
percentages of cementitious materials (5%, 7.5%, 10% & 12.5%) and tests are conducted for
compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexure strengths at 7, 28 and 56 days. Test results
indicate that the replacement of cement by 10% had attained a maximum strength in M25 Grade
concrete. The results obtained thus are encouraging for partial replacement.
Effect of Nano-Tio2addition on Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Corrosio...IJERA Editor
Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of nanoTiO2on compressive strength,bond strength and corrosion behavior of reinforcement bars. It has been found that the compressive strength, bond strength and corrosion resistance was increased with increasing nano-TiO2to 1.5wt. % as replacement of cement. Beyond this value, these properties decrease.
IRJET-A Survey on Different Ways of Secure Image TransmissionIRJET Journal
This document discusses the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the performance of high performance concrete. It summarizes research which found that replacing a portion of cement with GGBS improved workability, strength properties, and durability characteristics of concrete. Compressive strength was found to increase up to 8% replacement of cement with GGBS due to pozzolanic reactions and filler effect, but strength decreased at replacements over 8% due to dilution of cement. The research concluded that GGBS is an effective supplementary cementitious material to improve concrete performance when replacing up to 8% of cement by weight.
Influence of RGO and Fly-Ash on Cement Composite at Elevated TemperaturesIRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the influence of adding reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and fly ash to ordinary Portland cement concrete composites. Samples were made with 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% RGO and 20% fly ash by weight. Testing found that RGO and fly ash can increase compressive and tensile strength by filling pores, and help maintain properties at elevated temperatures up to 600°C. Overall, RGO and fly ash showed potential as promising fillers for ordinary Portland cement.
Durability studies on high strength high performance concreteIAEME Publication
This document discusses a study on the durability of high-strength, high-performance concrete (HPC). The study examined the influence of aggregate gradation, cement content, microsilica, and superplasticizer on the durability of HPC. Tests were performed to determine the initial surface absorption, water absorption, sorptivity, and chloride ion permeability of different HPC mixes. The results indicate that for a given microsilica content, there is an optimal superplasticizer dosage that yields the best durability results, and this dosage increases with increasing microsilica. Mixes with the same powder content but higher cement content exhibited lower absorption and permeability. The study emphasizes the complex interrelationships between cement, microsilica
A study on influence of fly ash and nano silica on strength properties of co...IAEME Publication
The document discusses a study on the influence of fly ash and nano-silica on the strength properties of concrete. Concrete samples were produced by partially replacing cement with 20% and 30% fly ash and 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% nano-silica. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of the samples were tested and compared to a control concrete. The results showed that concrete with 20% fly ash and 3% nano-silica replacement achieved the highest strengths. The increased strengths are attributed to improved particle packing and additional binder from the fly ash and nano-silica.
Impact test on geopolymer concrete slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Geopolymer is an eco-friendly binding material alternative for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Geopolymer concrete is
produced by mixing fly ash, GGBS, alkaline solution, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. Alkaline solution is composed of
NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution. This paper deals with the study of impact resistance capacity of geopolymer concrete slabs
subjected to impact loading. For this study, ten specimens of size 600 mm (length) × 600 mm (width) × 60 mm (thick) were casted
with nine different combination of geopolymer concrete mix using different molar sodium hydroxide solutions and different
percentages of mineral admixtures and a normal concrete slab as control slab. The molarity of NaOH solution used was 8M, 12M
and 16M. Fly ash and GGBS admixtures were used in three different ratios of 100:0, 75:25 and 50:50.The slabs were oven cured
at 600C for 24 hours. These slabs were subjected to impact loading by drop weight test method. All the slabs were tested under a
drop weight of 75.50 N through a guide pipe from a height of 700mm. The results obtained from this study showed that with the
increase in molarity of NaOH solution, the strength characteristics and the impact resistance capacity of the specimen increases.
Also increase in percentage of GGBS content as replacement for Fly ash content increases the impact resistance and overall
strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete. From the test results, geopolymer concrete slab with 16M NaOH solution using
50:50 Fly ash and GGBS content showed higher impact energy absorption capacity as compared other geopolymer mixes.
Key Words: Geopolymer, Molarity, Impact loading, First crack, Ultimate failure etc…
Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement by Fly Ash and Metakaolin on Concrete...IRJET Journal
This study investigated the effects of partially replacing cement with fly ash and metakaolin, and using manufactured sand (M-sand) instead of river sand on the compressive and split tensile strengths of concrete. Several concrete mixes were tested with cement replaced at 15% with metakaolin and fly ash at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The results showed improvements in strength properties compared to a control mix. Compressive strength was found to increase with greater percentages of metakaolin and fly ash replacement. The study concluded that using metakaolin and fly ash as partial replacements for cement can enhance concrete strength while reducing costs and environmental impacts.
This paper presents part of the results of an ongoing laboratory study carried out to study on
strength and durability characteristics of ternary concrete made with and without ternary mixtures of
cement-fly ash- silica fume. In the present work an attempt has been made to study the strength
properties of ternary concrete in compression, tension and flexure and also durability aspects of
ternary blended concrete. In the investigation, M25 Grade concrete mix is designed with different
percentages of cementitious materials (5%, 7.5%, 10% & 12.5%) and tests are conducted for
compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexure strengths at 7, 28 and 56 days. Test results
indicate that the replacement of cement by 10% had attained a maximum strength in M25 Grade
concrete. The results obtained thus are encouraging for partial replacement.
Effect of Nano-Tio2addition on Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Corrosio...IJERA Editor
Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of nanoTiO2on compressive strength,bond strength and corrosion behavior of reinforcement bars. It has been found that the compressive strength, bond strength and corrosion resistance was increased with increasing nano-TiO2to 1.5wt. % as replacement of cement. Beyond this value, these properties decrease.
IRJET-A Survey on Different Ways of Secure Image TransmissionIRJET Journal
This document discusses the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the performance of high performance concrete. It summarizes research which found that replacing a portion of cement with GGBS improved workability, strength properties, and durability characteristics of concrete. Compressive strength was found to increase up to 8% replacement of cement with GGBS due to pozzolanic reactions and filler effect, but strength decreased at replacements over 8% due to dilution of cement. The research concluded that GGBS is an effective supplementary cementitious material to improve concrete performance when replacing up to 8% of cement by weight.
Influence of RGO and Fly-Ash on Cement Composite at Elevated TemperaturesIRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the influence of adding reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and fly ash to ordinary Portland cement concrete composites. Samples were made with 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% RGO and 20% fly ash by weight. Testing found that RGO and fly ash can increase compressive and tensile strength by filling pores, and help maintain properties at elevated temperatures up to 600°C. Overall, RGO and fly ash showed potential as promising fillers for ordinary Portland cement.
IRJET - Experimental Study on the Influence of Reinforcement Corrosion on Fir...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that aims to evaluate the influence of reinforcement corrosion on the fire performance of concrete beams wrapped with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). Sixteen identical concrete beams reinforced with steel bars were manufactured. Some beams were subjected to accelerated corrosion testing to induce different levels of corrosion. The corroded beams and control beams were then exposed to fire testing based on the ASTM E-119-12 standard time-temperature curve. After fire exposure, all beams will undergo four-point bending tests to compare the flexural properties and load capacities of the corroded beams and beams wrapped with GFRP. The study seeks to provide insights into how corrosion and GFRP wrapping affect the behavior of reinforced concrete beams during and
Design of High Compressive Strength Concrete Mix without AdditivesIJERA Editor
In this paper, the crashed Basalt and uncrushed granite is used in concrete mixes as coarse aggregate. The selected materials, with high specification using special production techniques, the properties ,the mix design procedure and mix proportion of the high strength concrete (HSC) were discussed. Different proportions of Ordinary Portland cement (410,430 and 450) kg/m3 with different crashed Basalt and uncrushed Granite coarse aggregate amount (1120 and 1050) kg/m3 and fine aggregate with fine modulus of 3.65 were used. Eight concrete mixes were prepared: two as control mix for crashed Basalt and uncrushed Granite, three with crashed Basalt and three with uncrushed Granite coarse aggregate with mix amount(410:680:1120,430:610:1050 and 450:550:1050) kg/m3,(cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate)respectively. The study showed that the use of granite coarse aggregate in concrete mixes has a clear effect in mix proportion. The compressive strength of concrete was measured at ages of 7, 28 and 56 days and it was found that the granite (Mix3) of (450:550:1050) kg/m3 with w/c of 0.46 give the highest of strength in 28 and 56 days among the abovementioned mixes its 56 and 64 N/mm2 respectively. The paper shows that good results of compressive strength and workability of concrete were obtained when using granite coarse aggregate.
Comparison of rebound numbers for m20 concrete with silica fumeeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document presents results from an experimental study on the effects of elevated temperature and aggressive chemical environments on the compressive strength of M30 grade concrete. Concrete cubes were tested at temperatures from 200°C to 1000°C and exposed to sodium sulfate, sulfuric acid, and sodium chloride solutions for 30 and 60 days. Testing showed that compressive strength decreased with increasing temperature and exposure time, with rapid decreases above 400°C. Sulfuric acid exposure led to gypsum crystal deposition on cube surfaces.
This study examined the compressive strength of concrete containing steel fibers and mineral admixtures. Concrete cubes were made with cement replaced by 2-10% silica fume and 10% fly ash, and steel fibers added at 0.5-2% by weight. The cubes were tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength generally increased with the addition of up to 1.5% steel fibers. The optimum mix was found to be 10% fly ash, 8% silica fume, and 1.5% steel fibers, which achieved strengths comparable to plain concrete without changing workability much.
IRJET- Experimental Study of Concrete as a Partial Replacement of Cement by F...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally studies the effect of partially replacing cement with fly ash and silica fume in concrete mixes of grades M20, M25, and M30. Concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders were cast with 0-35% fly ash replacement and 15% silica fume replacement. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results show that strength generally increases up to an optimal fly ash percentage replacement and then decreases, with 28 day strengths highest. Workability, measured via slump test, decreases with increased fly ash content. Thus, a partial replacement of cement with fly ash and silica fume can improve the strength properties of
IRJET- Experimental Study on Strength Characteristics of Glass Fibre Reinforc...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally analyzed the strength characteristics of glass fiber reinforced concrete columns cured in both salt water and potable water environments. Two 600mm long concrete columns with 10% metakaolin replacement and GFRP reinforcement were cast, with one column cured in salt water and the other in potable water. Non-destructive testing methods like rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were used to evaluate compressive strength over 7, 14, 28, 56, and 90 day curing periods. Results found the salt water cured column reached 58MPa compressive strength at 90 days, similar to the potable water cured column. Both achieved excellent concrete quality after curing.
IRJET - Effect of Mix Proportion on Compressive Strength and Permeability of ...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the effect of mix proportions on the compressive strength and permeability of pervious concrete. Compressive strength and permeability tests were conducted on samples with aggregate to cement ratios of 4:1, 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1 and water to cement ratios of 0.4 and 0.45. The results showed that as the aggregate to cement ratio increased, compressive strength decreased but permeability increased. Mixes with lower aggregate to cement ratios of 4:1 and 6:1 produced higher strength and lower permeability, making them suitable for applications requiring both properties. Mixes with higher ratios of 8:1 and 10:1 were better for applications requiring high permeability but lower strength.
Effect of Granite Powder and Polypropylene Fiber on Compressive, Split Tensil...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of adding granite powder and polypropylene fibers on the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete. Granite powder was used to replace river sand in proportions of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Polypropylene fibers made up 0.25% of the cement weight. Specimens were tested for strengths at 7, 28, and 56 days and after exposure to 300°C. Results showed that concrete with 20% granite powder replacement had improved compressive strength compared to normal concrete. The study aimed to develop more durable and heat-resistant concrete using industrial waste materials.
Study of macro mechanical properties of ultra high strength concrete using qu...eSAT Publishing House
The document discusses a study on developing ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) using locally available materials to achieve a compressive strength over 180 MPa. Various mixes were tested with different percentages of quartz powder (30-45%) and curing methods including normal water curing and hot air curing at 200°C for 1-3 days. The results showed that compressive strength increased up to 187 MPa for mixes with 40% quartz powder that were hot air cured for 1 day, compared to 116 MPa for normal water curing only. Higher quartz powder content and thermal curing improved strength through increased packing density and hydration reactions.
An Experimental Investigation on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Partial...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on steel fiber reinforced concrete with partial replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand. Cubes, cylinders, prisms, and L-shaped specimens of M30 grade concrete with 50% replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand and 1% steel fibers were cast and tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to evaluate mechanical properties. The tests included compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, shear strength, and the effect of high temperatures. The study aims to compare the mechanical performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete with manufactured sand to normal concrete.
IRJET- Determination of Fracture Parameters of Self-Compacting Lightweight Co...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on determining the fracture parameters of self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLC) considering the maximum aggregate size, using the work of fracture method. Three-point bending tests were performed on notched beam specimens with varying coarse aggregate sizes. Test results showed that as coarse aggregate size increased, the fracture energy of the specimens also increased, which can be explained by changes in fractural dimensions. Parameters like fracture energy, fracture zone length, and crack-tip opening displacement were evaluated to characterize the fracture behavior of SCLC.
IRJET- A Review on Behaviour of ECO Green Concrete in Construction IndustryIRJET Journal
This document reviews the behavior of eco-friendly or "green" concrete in the construction industry. It discusses how green concrete uses industrial and construction waste materials like fly ash and demolished concrete rubble as partial replacements for natural aggregates and cement. Using these recycled materials reduces environmental impacts by lowering CO2 emissions in cement production and diverting waste from landfills. The document outlines the materials used in green concrete, its environmental benefits like increased longevity and reduced energy usage compared to traditional concrete. It also discusses production methods and properties of green concrete, concluding it can reduce the construction industry's CO2 emissions while benefiting from cost savings compared to conventional concrete.
The document discusses the flow and strength characteristics of self-compacting concrete with the addition of various percentages of waste plastic fibers. Eight mixes were prepared with fiber contents ranging from 0% to 1.4% by weight of cement. The mixes were tested to determine workability (slump flow, T50cm, V-funnel, J-ring, L-box), compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength. The results showed that the workability was within specified limits and strengths generally increased with fiber content up to 1.0% before decreasing, while impact strength increased up to 1.2% fiber content. The study demonstrated that waste plastic fibers can be used to improve various
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Concrete with Replacement of Fine Aggreg...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates using granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Various concrete mixtures were prepared with 0%, 20%, 50%, 70%, and 90% replacement of sand with GBFS. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures were then tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that GBFS can partially replace sand in concrete, with strengths comparable to the control mixture depending on the replacement level. Using GBFS provides benefits of reducing environmental impacts from sand mining and disposal of industrial waste slag.
Study of Cement Concrete By Replacement of Cement with Various Pozzolanic Mat...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on cement concrete with partial replacement of cement by various pozzolanic materials (slag, silica fume, pulverized quartz powder) and micro Fe2O3. Concrete cubes, cylinders, and beams were cast with cement replaced at 4-20% by the pozzolanic materials to determine the optimum replacement. Quaternary concrete with 16% replacement of cement in equal parts by the three pozzolanic materials was also studied. Penta blended concrete with addition of 0.5-2.5% micro Fe2O3 to the quaternary mix was tested. Test results found that concrete with 16% quaternary cement blend and 2%
This study evaluated the effect of calcium nitrite as a corrosion inhibitor in quarry dust concrete. Concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders were cast with 0-4% calcium nitrite additions. Strength tests at 3, 7, and 28 days showed maximum improvements of 8.75% in compression, 5.26% in splitting tension, and 3.53% in flexure at 2% calcium nitrite. Impressed voltage and rapid chloride permeability tests indicated corrosion initiation was delayed up to 288 hours and permeability decreased up to 97.87% at 2% addition. Weight loss measurements also showed maximum corrosion resistance at 2% calcium nitrite. The study demonstrated that quarry dust concrete with 2% calcium nitrite exhibited improved strength and
A comprehensive study of non blocking joining techniqueiaemedu
The document discusses and compares various non-blocking joining techniques for databases. It describes 7 different non-blocking joining algorithms: 1) Symmetric hash join, 2) XJoin, 3) Progressive merge join, 4) Hash merge join, 5) Rate based progressive join, 6) Multi-way join, and 7) Early hash join. For each algorithm, it explains the basic approach, memory overflow handling technique, and provides diagrams to illustrate the process. The goal of the paper is to explain and evaluate these non-blocking joining techniques based on factors like execution time, memory usage, I/O complexity, and ability to handle continuous data streams.
Efficient text compression using special character replacementiaemedu
The document describes a proposed algorithm for efficient text compression using special character replacement and space removal. The algorithm replaces words with non-printable ASCII characters or combinations of characters to compress text files. It uses a dynamic dictionary to map words to their symbols. Spaces are removed from the compressed file in some cases to further reduce file size. Experimental results show the algorithm achieves better compression ratios than LZW, WinZip 10.0 and WinRAR 3.93 for various text file types while allowing lossless decompression.
Performance analysis of manet routing protocol in presenceiaemedu
This document analyzes the performance of different routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) under hybrid traffic conditions. It simulates a MANET with 50 nodes moving at speeds up to 20 m/s using the AODV, DSDV, and DSR routing protocols. Traffic included both constant bit rate and variable bit rate sources. Results found that AODV had lower average end-to-end delay and higher packet delivery ratios than DSDV and DSR as the percentage of variable bit rate traffic increased. AODV also performed comparably under both low and high node mobility scenarios with hybrid traffic.
Website based patent information searching mechanismiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a website-based patent information searching mechanism. It discusses how patent information can be used for technology development, rights acquisition and utilization, and management information. It describes different types of patent searches including novelty, validity, infringement, and state-of-the-art searches. It also evaluates and compares two major patent websites, Delphion and USPTO, in terms of their search capabilities and features.
IRJET - Experimental Study on the Influence of Reinforcement Corrosion on Fir...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that aims to evaluate the influence of reinforcement corrosion on the fire performance of concrete beams wrapped with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). Sixteen identical concrete beams reinforced with steel bars were manufactured. Some beams were subjected to accelerated corrosion testing to induce different levels of corrosion. The corroded beams and control beams were then exposed to fire testing based on the ASTM E-119-12 standard time-temperature curve. After fire exposure, all beams will undergo four-point bending tests to compare the flexural properties and load capacities of the corroded beams and beams wrapped with GFRP. The study seeks to provide insights into how corrosion and GFRP wrapping affect the behavior of reinforced concrete beams during and
Design of High Compressive Strength Concrete Mix without AdditivesIJERA Editor
In this paper, the crashed Basalt and uncrushed granite is used in concrete mixes as coarse aggregate. The selected materials, with high specification using special production techniques, the properties ,the mix design procedure and mix proportion of the high strength concrete (HSC) were discussed. Different proportions of Ordinary Portland cement (410,430 and 450) kg/m3 with different crashed Basalt and uncrushed Granite coarse aggregate amount (1120 and 1050) kg/m3 and fine aggregate with fine modulus of 3.65 were used. Eight concrete mixes were prepared: two as control mix for crashed Basalt and uncrushed Granite, three with crashed Basalt and three with uncrushed Granite coarse aggregate with mix amount(410:680:1120,430:610:1050 and 450:550:1050) kg/m3,(cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate)respectively. The study showed that the use of granite coarse aggregate in concrete mixes has a clear effect in mix proportion. The compressive strength of concrete was measured at ages of 7, 28 and 56 days and it was found that the granite (Mix3) of (450:550:1050) kg/m3 with w/c of 0.46 give the highest of strength in 28 and 56 days among the abovementioned mixes its 56 and 64 N/mm2 respectively. The paper shows that good results of compressive strength and workability of concrete were obtained when using granite coarse aggregate.
Comparison of rebound numbers for m20 concrete with silica fumeeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The document presents results from an experimental study on the effects of elevated temperature and aggressive chemical environments on the compressive strength of M30 grade concrete. Concrete cubes were tested at temperatures from 200°C to 1000°C and exposed to sodium sulfate, sulfuric acid, and sodium chloride solutions for 30 and 60 days. Testing showed that compressive strength decreased with increasing temperature and exposure time, with rapid decreases above 400°C. Sulfuric acid exposure led to gypsum crystal deposition on cube surfaces.
This study examined the compressive strength of concrete containing steel fibers and mineral admixtures. Concrete cubes were made with cement replaced by 2-10% silica fume and 10% fly ash, and steel fibers added at 0.5-2% by weight. The cubes were tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days. The results showed that compressive strength generally increased with the addition of up to 1.5% steel fibers. The optimum mix was found to be 10% fly ash, 8% silica fume, and 1.5% steel fibers, which achieved strengths comparable to plain concrete without changing workability much.
IRJET- Experimental Study of Concrete as a Partial Replacement of Cement by F...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally studies the effect of partially replacing cement with fly ash and silica fume in concrete mixes of grades M20, M25, and M30. Concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders were cast with 0-35% fly ash replacement and 15% silica fume replacement. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results show that strength generally increases up to an optimal fly ash percentage replacement and then decreases, with 28 day strengths highest. Workability, measured via slump test, decreases with increased fly ash content. Thus, a partial replacement of cement with fly ash and silica fume can improve the strength properties of
IRJET- Experimental Study on Strength Characteristics of Glass Fibre Reinforc...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally analyzed the strength characteristics of glass fiber reinforced concrete columns cured in both salt water and potable water environments. Two 600mm long concrete columns with 10% metakaolin replacement and GFRP reinforcement were cast, with one column cured in salt water and the other in potable water. Non-destructive testing methods like rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were used to evaluate compressive strength over 7, 14, 28, 56, and 90 day curing periods. Results found the salt water cured column reached 58MPa compressive strength at 90 days, similar to the potable water cured column. Both achieved excellent concrete quality after curing.
IRJET - Effect of Mix Proportion on Compressive Strength and Permeability of ...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the effect of mix proportions on the compressive strength and permeability of pervious concrete. Compressive strength and permeability tests were conducted on samples with aggregate to cement ratios of 4:1, 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1 and water to cement ratios of 0.4 and 0.45. The results showed that as the aggregate to cement ratio increased, compressive strength decreased but permeability increased. Mixes with lower aggregate to cement ratios of 4:1 and 6:1 produced higher strength and lower permeability, making them suitable for applications requiring both properties. Mixes with higher ratios of 8:1 and 10:1 were better for applications requiring high permeability but lower strength.
Effect of Granite Powder and Polypropylene Fiber on Compressive, Split Tensil...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of adding granite powder and polypropylene fibers on the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths of concrete. Granite powder was used to replace river sand in proportions of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Polypropylene fibers made up 0.25% of the cement weight. Specimens were tested for strengths at 7, 28, and 56 days and after exposure to 300°C. Results showed that concrete with 20% granite powder replacement had improved compressive strength compared to normal concrete. The study aimed to develop more durable and heat-resistant concrete using industrial waste materials.
Study of macro mechanical properties of ultra high strength concrete using qu...eSAT Publishing House
The document discusses a study on developing ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) using locally available materials to achieve a compressive strength over 180 MPa. Various mixes were tested with different percentages of quartz powder (30-45%) and curing methods including normal water curing and hot air curing at 200°C for 1-3 days. The results showed that compressive strength increased up to 187 MPa for mixes with 40% quartz powder that were hot air cured for 1 day, compared to 116 MPa for normal water curing only. Higher quartz powder content and thermal curing improved strength through increased packing density and hydration reactions.
An Experimental Investigation on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Partial...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on steel fiber reinforced concrete with partial replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand. Cubes, cylinders, prisms, and L-shaped specimens of M30 grade concrete with 50% replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand and 1% steel fibers were cast and tested at 7, 14, and 28 days to evaluate mechanical properties. The tests included compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, shear strength, and the effect of high temperatures. The study aims to compare the mechanical performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete with manufactured sand to normal concrete.
IRJET- Determination of Fracture Parameters of Self-Compacting Lightweight Co...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on determining the fracture parameters of self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLC) considering the maximum aggregate size, using the work of fracture method. Three-point bending tests were performed on notched beam specimens with varying coarse aggregate sizes. Test results showed that as coarse aggregate size increased, the fracture energy of the specimens also increased, which can be explained by changes in fractural dimensions. Parameters like fracture energy, fracture zone length, and crack-tip opening displacement were evaluated to characterize the fracture behavior of SCLC.
IRJET- A Review on Behaviour of ECO Green Concrete in Construction IndustryIRJET Journal
This document reviews the behavior of eco-friendly or "green" concrete in the construction industry. It discusses how green concrete uses industrial and construction waste materials like fly ash and demolished concrete rubble as partial replacements for natural aggregates and cement. Using these recycled materials reduces environmental impacts by lowering CO2 emissions in cement production and diverting waste from landfills. The document outlines the materials used in green concrete, its environmental benefits like increased longevity and reduced energy usage compared to traditional concrete. It also discusses production methods and properties of green concrete, concluding it can reduce the construction industry's CO2 emissions while benefiting from cost savings compared to conventional concrete.
The document discusses the flow and strength characteristics of self-compacting concrete with the addition of various percentages of waste plastic fibers. Eight mixes were prepared with fiber contents ranging from 0% to 1.4% by weight of cement. The mixes were tested to determine workability (slump flow, T50cm, V-funnel, J-ring, L-box), compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength. The results showed that the workability was within specified limits and strengths generally increased with fiber content up to 1.0% before decreasing, while impact strength increased up to 1.2% fiber content. The study demonstrated that waste plastic fibers can be used to improve various
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Concrete with Replacement of Fine Aggreg...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates using granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Various concrete mixtures were prepared with 0%, 20%, 50%, 70%, and 90% replacement of sand with GBFS. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures were then tested at 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that GBFS can partially replace sand in concrete, with strengths comparable to the control mixture depending on the replacement level. Using GBFS provides benefits of reducing environmental impacts from sand mining and disposal of industrial waste slag.
Study of Cement Concrete By Replacement of Cement with Various Pozzolanic Mat...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on cement concrete with partial replacement of cement by various pozzolanic materials (slag, silica fume, pulverized quartz powder) and micro Fe2O3. Concrete cubes, cylinders, and beams were cast with cement replaced at 4-20% by the pozzolanic materials to determine the optimum replacement. Quaternary concrete with 16% replacement of cement in equal parts by the three pozzolanic materials was also studied. Penta blended concrete with addition of 0.5-2.5% micro Fe2O3 to the quaternary mix was tested. Test results found that concrete with 16% quaternary cement blend and 2%
This study evaluated the effect of calcium nitrite as a corrosion inhibitor in quarry dust concrete. Concrete cubes, beams, and cylinders were cast with 0-4% calcium nitrite additions. Strength tests at 3, 7, and 28 days showed maximum improvements of 8.75% in compression, 5.26% in splitting tension, and 3.53% in flexure at 2% calcium nitrite. Impressed voltage and rapid chloride permeability tests indicated corrosion initiation was delayed up to 288 hours and permeability decreased up to 97.87% at 2% addition. Weight loss measurements also showed maximum corrosion resistance at 2% calcium nitrite. The study demonstrated that quarry dust concrete with 2% calcium nitrite exhibited improved strength and
A comprehensive study of non blocking joining techniqueiaemedu
The document discusses and compares various non-blocking joining techniques for databases. It describes 7 different non-blocking joining algorithms: 1) Symmetric hash join, 2) XJoin, 3) Progressive merge join, 4) Hash merge join, 5) Rate based progressive join, 6) Multi-way join, and 7) Early hash join. For each algorithm, it explains the basic approach, memory overflow handling technique, and provides diagrams to illustrate the process. The goal of the paper is to explain and evaluate these non-blocking joining techniques based on factors like execution time, memory usage, I/O complexity, and ability to handle continuous data streams.
Efficient text compression using special character replacementiaemedu
The document describes a proposed algorithm for efficient text compression using special character replacement and space removal. The algorithm replaces words with non-printable ASCII characters or combinations of characters to compress text files. It uses a dynamic dictionary to map words to their symbols. Spaces are removed from the compressed file in some cases to further reduce file size. Experimental results show the algorithm achieves better compression ratios than LZW, WinZip 10.0 and WinRAR 3.93 for various text file types while allowing lossless decompression.
Performance analysis of manet routing protocol in presenceiaemedu
This document analyzes the performance of different routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) under hybrid traffic conditions. It simulates a MANET with 50 nodes moving at speeds up to 20 m/s using the AODV, DSDV, and DSR routing protocols. Traffic included both constant bit rate and variable bit rate sources. Results found that AODV had lower average end-to-end delay and higher packet delivery ratios than DSDV and DSR as the percentage of variable bit rate traffic increased. AODV also performed comparably under both low and high node mobility scenarios with hybrid traffic.
Website based patent information searching mechanismiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a website-based patent information searching mechanism. It discusses how patent information can be used for technology development, rights acquisition and utilization, and management information. It describes different types of patent searches including novelty, validity, infringement, and state-of-the-art searches. It also evaluates and compares two major patent websites, Delphion and USPTO, in terms of their search capabilities and features.
Revisiting the experiment on detecting of replay and message modificationiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes methods for detecting message modification and replay attacks in ad-hoc wireless networks. It begins with background on security issues in wireless networks and types of attacks. It then reviews existing intrusion detection systems and security techniques. Related work that detects attacks using features from the media access control layer or radio frequency fingerprinting is also discussed. The paper aims to present a simple, economical, and platform-independent system for detecting message modification, replay attacks, and unauthorized users in ad-hoc networks.
Adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applicationiaemedu
This document discusses adaptive job scheduling with load balancing for workflow applications in a grid platform. It begins with an abstract that describes grid computing and how scheduling plays a key role in performance for grid workflow applications. Both static and dynamic scheduling strategies are discussed, but they require high scheduling costs and may not produce good schedules. The paper then proposes a novel semi-dynamic algorithm that allows the schedule to adapt to changes in the dynamic grid environment through both static and dynamic scheduling. Load balancing is incorporated to handle situations where jobs are delayed due to resource fluctuations or overloading of processors. The rest of the paper outlines the related works, proposed scheduling algorithm, system model, and evaluation of the approach.
Improving the global parameter signal to distortion value in music signalsiaemedu
This document discusses improving the signal to distortion ratio when extracting features from music signals. It proposes using discrete wavelet transforms instead of short-time Fourier transforms to identify time-frequency regions occupied by each source based on panning information. The proposed model first defines a similarity measure between the left and right stereo channels. It then calculates an ambiguity resolving function and performs panning index analysis with Gaussian windowing. Finally, it obtains discrete wavelet transforms of the foreground streams and applies the inverse DWT to target signals, aiming to improve the signal to distortion value compared to existing methods.
Optimization of electric energy density in epoxy aluminium nanocompositeiaemedu
This document summarizes research on optimizing the electric energy density of epoxy-aluminum nanocomposites. It models the nanocomposite as a three-phase material and evaluates how aluminum particle size and filler loading affect permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy density. Numerical results show permittivity increases drastically near the percolation threshold. As filler volume increases, breakdown strength decreases but energy density notably increases. The optimal filler size and concentration for maximum energy density are evaluated, with inter-particle distance controlling breakdown strength significantly impacting energy storage capacity.
Improving the global parameter signal to distortion value in music signalsiaemedu
This document describes a method to improve music source separation using panning techniques and discrete wavelet transforms. The proposed method uses similarity measures between discrete wavelet transforms of input signals to identify time-frequency regions occupied by each source based on panning coefficients. Individual music components are identified and extracted by clustering time-frequency components with a given panning coefficient. Performance is evaluated using signal-to-distortion ratio and the proposed method is shown to improve separation compared to existing short-time Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform methods based on results from experiments separating voice signals from three music recordings.
A review of pfc boost converters for hybrid electric vehicle battery chargersiaemedu
1) The document reviews different types of PFC boost converters that can be used for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) battery chargers, including conventional, bridgeless, interleaved, and bridgeless interleaved topologies.
2) The conventional boost converter is well-suited for power levels up to 1 kW due to diode bridge losses and heat dissipation issues at higher power. The bridgeless topology avoids the rectifier bridge but has EMI and voltage sensing challenges.
3) Interleaved and bridgeless interleaved topologies offer improvements like lower ripple current and higher effective switching frequency, making them suitable for power levels up to 3 kW and 5 kW, respectively.
Nápady pre novú stratégiu organizácie - Garmin (zo záverečnej semestrálnej práce študentov 4. ročníka FMUK na predmete Strategické myslenie a stratégia).
Workability studies on concrete with ggbs as a replacement material for cemeniaemedu
This document summarizes a study on the workability of concrete when partially replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Tests were conducted on M20 and M25 concrete mixes with 0-100% replacement of cement by GGBS at 5% intervals, with and without a superplasticizer. The workability was evaluated using slump tests, compaction factor tests, Vee-Bee consistometer tests, and flow table tests. The results of these tests for the different mixes are presented and discussed to analyze the effect of GGBS replacement level and use of superplasticizer on concrete workability.
Workability studies on concrete with ggbs as a replacement material for cemen...iaemedu
This document discusses a study on the workability of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement for cement. The workability of M20 and M25 grade concrete mixes was tested with 0-100% replacement of cement by GGBS, both with and without a superplasticizer. Various workability tests were conducted including slump testing, compaction factor testing, vee-bee consistometer testing, and flow table testing. The results showed that up to a certain percentage replacement, usually around 50-60%, the workability of the concrete increased with GGBS replacement as measured by the different tests. Above this percentage, the workability began to decrease with further GGBS
Workability studies on concrete with ggbs as a replacement material for cemen...iaemedu
This document discusses a study on the workability of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement for cement. The workability of M20 and M25 grade concrete mixes was tested with 0-100% replacement of cement by GGBS, both with and without a superplasticizer. Various workability tests were conducted including slump testing, compaction factor testing, vee-bee consistometer testing, and flow table testing. The results showed that up to a certain percentage replacement, usually around 50-60%, the workability of the concrete increased with GGBS replacement as measured by the different tests. Above this percentage, the workability began to decrease with further GGBS
Workability studies on concrete with ggbs as a replacement material for cemen...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the workability of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a partial replacement for cement. Concrete grades M20 and M25 were designed with 0-100% replacement of cement by GGBS at 5% intervals. Tests conducted included slump, compaction factor, vee-bee consistometer, and flow to measure workability. Results showed workability initially increased with GGBS replacement up to a certain level, then decreased, with optimal replacement levels around 55-60% depending on the test and concrete grade. Adding a superplasticizer improved workability. The study provides data on the effect of GGBS replacement on various workability measures of concrete
This document summarizes an experimental study on using steel fibers and mineral admixtures like silica fume and fly ash to improve the properties of hardened concrete. Concrete cubes with different percentages of silica fume (0-10% by weight) and fly ash (10% by weight) as partial replacements for cement were prepared. Steel fibers were added in amounts ranging from 0.5-2% by volume to improve strength. The concrete cubes were tested at 3, 7, and 28 days to evaluate compressive strength performance. The results showed that a combination of 10% fly ash, 8% silica fume, and 1.5% steel fibers provided optimum strength without significantly changing compressive strength for M25 grade
An Investigation on Strength and Durability of Cement Concrete Partially Repl...IRJET Journal
This document investigates using granite slurry as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Granite slurry is a waste material from rock quarrying and crushing. The study tested concrete mixtures with 5-20% cement replacement using granite slurry under 75 microns. Tests found compressive and flexural strength were maintained with up to 10% replacement after 28 days. Higher replacements showed strength decreases. The study concluded granite slurry can be used for partial cement replacement, providing both economic and environmental benefits by reducing costs and waste. Up to 5% replacement provided optimal strength properties.
IRJET-Experimental Investigation on Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete ...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams containing copper slag, fly ash, and steel fibers. Ten concrete mixtures were designed with varying percentages of copper slag up to 40% as a partial replacement for sand. Fly ash replaced 40% of the cement. Steel fibers were added to some mixtures at 1% by volume. The mixtures were tested for compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural behavior after curing periods. Test results showed that mixtures with by-products had higher strength properties than conventional concrete, with the mixture containing 40% fly ash, 40% copper slag, and 1% steel fibers performing the best. Using industrial by-products in this way can improve concrete properties while reducing environmental impacts
Durability studies on high strength high performance concrete 2IAEME Publication
The document discusses durability studies on high strength high performance concrete. Three key findings are:
1) Initial surface absorption values for the mixes studied were generally low, below 0.17 ml/m2/s after 10 minutes, indicating dense microstructure limiting water ingress.
2) For a given microsilica content, there exists an optimum superplasticizer dosage that yields best durability results, and this dosage increases with increasing microsilica.
3) At the same powder content, mixes with higher cement content exhibited lower absorption and permeability, emphasizing the complex relationship between cement, microsilica and superplasticizer quantities.
Study of Self Compacting Concrete by using Marginal Materials-Partial Replace...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on the use of marginal materials like rice husk ash and demolished waste to partially replace cement and coarse aggregate in self-compacting concrete. Rice husk ash is a pozzolanic material that can be used to replace cement up to around 10-40% without compromising concrete strength. Using rice husk ash and demolished waste can help reduce the environmental impact of construction waste while producing more sustainable and cost-effective concrete. The study involves testing different mix designs with varying replacement levels of cement with rice husk ash and coarse aggregate with demolished waste to evaluate the compressive strength and other properties of the resulting self-compacting concrete.
Study of Self Compacting Concrete by using Marginal Materials-Partial Replace...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on the use of marginal materials like rice husk ash and demolished waste to partially replace cement and coarse aggregate in self-compacting concrete. The study aims to evaluate the strength and properties of such concrete. It first provides background on self-compacting concrete and discusses literature on using rice husk ash in concrete. It then describes the materials used in the study including cement, fine and coarse aggregates, water, fly ash, and admixtures. Details are given on the mix design and the various tests conducted including slump flow, L-box, and V-funnel tests to evaluate the properties of self-compacting concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CEMENT WITH PULVERISED FLYASH AND GROUND GRANUL...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on using fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as partial replacements for cement in concrete mix design. The study aims to evaluate the strength properties of concrete mixtures with 30% GGBS and 20% fly ash replacements. Concrete cubes, cylinders and prisms were cast according to M30 and M25 grade mix designs. Compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength tests were performed on specimens cured for 7 and 28 days. Test results found that concrete mixtures with 30% GGBS and 20% fly ash replacements achieved similar compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths compared to the control mixes without replacements. Replacing beyond these levels did not further
Experimental Investigation on SCM using Different AdmixturesIRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates self-compacting mortar (SCM) containing various mineral admixtures like GGBS, metakaolin, and silica fume. 15 SCM mixes were developed with different ratios of these admixtures as partial replacements for cement. The fresh and hardened properties of the mixes were tested. For fresh properties, mini slump flow and mini V-funnel tests were conducted. For hardened properties, compressive strength, flexural strength, and drying shrinkage tests were performed at various ages. The test results showed that while the mineral admixtures required more water and superplasticizer to achieve similar workability to the reference mix, the SCM mixes met flowability and stability requirements. The
This study evaluated the strength properties of high performance concrete (HPC) using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and crushed sand as partial replacements for cement and natural sand. Several HPC mixes with M60 grade were tested by replacing cement with 30-50% GGBS and fine aggregate with 5-25% crushed sand. The results showed that compressive strength increased up to 65.3 MPa at 28 days for a mix with 40% GGBS and 15% crushed sand replacement. The study concluded that GGBS and crushed sand can be effectively used as partial replacements in HPC to improve strength properties while providing an economical alternative to conventional materials.
Study On Partial Replacement Of Fine Aggregates In Concrete By Recycled Concr...IRJET Journal
The document studies the effect of partially replacing fine aggregates in concrete with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). Concrete mixtures were developed with 0-30% replacement of fine aggregates with RCA at 5% intervals. Testing showed workability decreased with higher RCA content due to higher water absorption. Compressive, tensile, and flexural strength generally increased up to 15% RCA replacement compared to conventional concrete, with 25% replacement also showing satisfactory results. The optimum RCA replacement was found to be 25% based on the experimental results.
This document summarizes a study on the durability and strength properties of high performance self-compacting concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and silica fumes. Seven concrete mixes were prepared with different replacement levels of GGBS (10-30%) and silica fumes (3-9%). Tests were conducted to evaluate the workability, mechanical strength, and rapid chloride permeability of the hardened concrete at various ages. The results showed that the addition of GGBS and silica fumes improved the density and reduced permeability of the self-compacting concrete, leading to enhanced durability, while maintaining adequate compressive and tensile strengths.
Effect of different types of steel fibers with metakaolin & flyIAEME Publication
The document discusses an experimental study on the effect of different types of steel fibers with metakaolin and fly ash on the mechanical properties of high strength concrete. Three types of steel fibers were used at volumes ranging from 0.5% to 4% by weight of cementitious material. The addition of metakaolin and fly ash at 5% and 10% by weight improved the concrete properties. The results showed that compressive strength increased with steel fiber content up to 3.5%, with round crimped steel fibers performing best. Similarly, split tensile strength also increased up to 3.5% fiber content, with flat crimped fibers giving the highest strength. The study concluded that steel fibers improve the ductility of high
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the performance of high-volume ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) concrete. GGBS was partially substituted for cement at rates of 10-90% by weight. Testing was conducted to determine the fresh properties (slump), compressive strength, split tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity of the concretes at various curing periods. The results showed that workability initially increased with GGBS content up to 50% replacement, then decreased, while the hardened properties generally improved with increasing GGBS up to 70% replacement. Using GGBS as a partial cement replacement produced concrete with equal or improved properties compared to the control mix.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH VOLUME GROUND GRANUL...IAEME Publication
This paper reports the effect of high volume of GGBS on the properties of structural
concrete. In this study, GGBS is physically and chemically characterized and partially
replaced in the ratio of 10% to 90% by weight of cement. The fresh properties of GGBS
concrete like slump test and hardened properties like compressive strength, Split tensile
strength, Modulus of Elasticity are carried out. In addition to this the carbon foot prints are
also calculated and the savings per capita per year is determined for reduction of usage of
cement. The test results indicated that fresh and hardened properties of the GGBS concrete
increases as the percentage of replacement of GGBS increases up to certain extent
This document summarizes the results of a study on the strength and durability characteristics of ternary concrete made with cement, fly ash, and silica fume. Cubes, cylinders, and beams were cast with M25 grade concrete containing 5%, 7.5%, 10%, or 12.5% replacements of cement. Testing found that compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths at 7, 28, and 56 days were highest with 10% replacement, reaching maximum increases of 132% in compressive strength compared to conventional concrete. Durability was also assessed through weight loss and compressive strength testing of cubes exposed to acids and seawater. The study provides data on using supplementary cementitious materials to improve concrete properties
IRJET- Strength and Durability Study on Concrete using Different Types of Bin...IRJET Journal
This document studies the strength and durability of concrete made with different types of binders, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and Portland pozzolana cement (PPC). Tests were conducted on concrete cubes, cylinders and prisms to determine mechanical properties like compressive, tensile and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. Additional tests examined the durability through salt, acid and sulfate resistance. The results showed that at 28 days, concrete with PPC exhibited 11% lower compressive strength, 19% lower tensile strength, and 9% lower flexural strength than OPC concrete, likely due to PPC's lower heat of hydration from pozzolanic materials. However, PPC concrete demonstrated satisfactory mechanical
Similar to Durability of standard concrete incorporating (20)
Tech transfer making it as a risk free approach in pharmaceutical and biotech iniaemedu
Tech transfer is a common methodology for transferring new products or an existing
commercial product to R&D or to another manufacturing site. Transferring product knowledge to the
manufacturing floor is crucial and it is an ongoing approach in the pharmaceutical and biotech
industry. Without adopting this process, no company can manufacture its niche products, let alone
market them. Technology transfer is a complicated, process because it is highly cross functional. Due
to its cross functional dependence, these projects face numerous risks and failure. If anidea cannot be
successfully brought out in the form of a product, there is no customer benefit, or satisfaction.
Moreover, high emphasis is in sustaining manufacturing with highest quality each and every time. It
is vital that tech transfer projects need to be executed flawlessly. To accomplish this goal, risk
management is crucial and project team needs to use the risk management approach seamlessly.
Integration of feature sets with machine learning techniquesiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel approach for spam filtering using selective feature sets combined with machine learning techniques. The paper presents an algorithm and system architecture that extracts feature sets from emails and uses machine learning to classify emails and generate rules to identify spam. Several metrics are identified to evaluate the efficiency of the feature sets, including false positive rate. An experiment is described that uses keyword lists as feature sets to train filters and compares the proposed approach to other spam filtering methods.
Effective broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks using gridiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new grid-based broadcasting mechanism for mobile ad hoc networks. The paper argues that flooding approaches to broadcasting are inefficient and cause network congestion. The proposed approach divides the network into a hierarchical grid structure. When a node needs to broadcast a message, it sends the message to the first node in the appropriate grid, which is then responsible for updating and forwarding the message within that grid. Simulation results showed the grid-based approach outperformed other broadcasting protocols and was more reliable, efficient and scalable.
Effect of scenario environment on the performance of mane ts routingiaemedu
The document analyzes the effect of scenario environment on the performance of the AODV routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It studies AODV performance under different scenarios varying network size, maximum node speed, and pause time. The performance is evaluated based on packet delivery ratio, throughput, and end-to-end delay. The results show that AODV performs best in some scenarios and worse in others, indicating that scenario parameters significantly impact routing protocol performance in MANETs.
This document summarizes research on transaction reordering techniques. It discusses transaction reordering approaches based on reducing resource conflicts and increasing resource sharing. Specifically, it covers:
1) A "steal-on-abort" technique that reorders an aborted transaction behind the transaction that caused the abort to avoid repeated conflicts.
2) A replication protocol that attempts to reorder transactions during certification to avoid aborts rather than restarting immediately.
3) Transaction reordering and grouping during continuous data loading to prevent deadlocks when loading data for materialized join views.
The document discusses semantic web services and their challenges. It provides an overview of semantic web technologies like WSDL, SOAP, UDDI, and OIL which are used to build semantic web services. The semantic web architecture adds semantics to web services through ontologies written in OWL and DAML+OIL. Key approaches to semantic web services include annotation, composition, and addressing privacy and security. However, semantic web services still face challenges in achieving their full potential due to issues in representation, reasoning, and a lack of real-world applications and data.
1) The document discusses the Cyclic Model Analysis (CMA) technique for sequential pattern mining which aims to predict customer purchasing behavior.
2) CMA calculates the Trend Distribution Function from sequential patterns to model purchasing trends over time. It then uses Generalized Periodicity Detection and Trend Modeling to identify periodic patterns and construct an approximating model.
3) The Cyclic Model Analysis algorithm is applied to further analyze the patterns, dividing the domain into segments where the distribution function is increasing or decreasing and applying the other techniques recursively to fully model the cyclic behavior.
Performance measurement of different requirements engineeringiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the performance of different requirements engineering (RE) process models. It describes three RE process models - two existing linear models and the authors' iterative model. It also reviews literature on common RE activities and issues with descriptive models not reflecting real-world practices. The authors conducted interviews at two Indian companies to model their RE processes and compare them to the three models. They found the existing linear models did not fully capture the iterative nature of observed RE processes.
This document proposes a mobile safety system for automobiles that uses Android operating system. The system has two main components: a safety device and an automobile base unit. The safety device allows users to monitor the vehicle's location on a map, check its status, and control functions remotely. It communicates with the base unit in the vehicle using GPRS. The base unit collects data from sensors, determines the vehicle's GPS location, and can execute control commands like activating the brakes or switching off the engine. The document provides details on the design and algorithms of both components and includes examples of Java code implementation. The goal is to create an intelligent, secure and easy-to-use mobile safety system for vehicles using embedded systems and Android
The document discusses agile programming and proposes a new methodology. It provides an overview of existing agile methodologies like Scrum and Extreme Programming. Scrum uses short sprints to define tasks and deadlines. Extreme Programming focuses on practices like test-first development, pair programming, and continuous integration. The document notes drawbacks like an inability to support large or multi-site projects. It proposes designing a new methodology that combines the advantages of existing methods while overcoming their deficiencies.
Adaptive load balancing techniques in global scale grid environmentiaemedu
The document discusses various adaptive load balancing techniques for distributed applications in grid environments. It first describes adaptive mesh refinement algorithms that partition computational domains using space-filling curves or by distributing grids independently or at different levels. It also discusses dynamic load balancing using tiling and multi-criteria geometric partitioning. The document then covers repartitioning algorithms based on multilevel diffusion and the adaptive characteristics of structured adaptive mesh refinement applications. Finally, it discusses adaptive workload balancing on heterogeneous resources by benchmarking resource characteristics and estimating application parameters to find optimal load distribution.
A survey on the performance of job scheduling in workflow applicationiaemedu
This document summarizes a survey on job scheduling performance in workflow applications on grid platforms. It discusses an adaptive dual objective scheduling (ADOS) algorithm that takes both completion time and resource usage into account for measuring schedule performance. The study shows ADOS delivers good performance in completion time, resource usage, and robustness to changes in resource performance. It also describes the system architecture used, which includes a planner and executor component. The planner focuses on scheduling to minimize completion time while considering resource usage, and can reschedule if needed. The executor enacts the schedule on the grid resources.
A survey of mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networksiaemedu
This document summarizes existing methods to detect misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It discusses how routing protocols assume nodes will cooperate fully, but misbehavior like packet dropping can occur. It describes several techniques to detect misbehavior, including watchdog, ACK/SACK, TWOACK, S-TWOACK, and credit-based/reputation-based schemes. Credit-based schemes use virtual currencies to provide incentives for nodes to forward packets, while reputation-based schemes track nodes' past behaviors. The document aims to survey approaches for mitigating the impact of misbehaving nodes in MANET routing.
A novel approach for satellite imagery storage by classifyiaemedu
This document presents a novel approach for classifying and storing satellite imagery by detecting and storing only non-duplicate regions. It uses kernel principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality and extract features of satellite images. Fuzzy N-means clustering is then used to segment the images into blocks. A duplication detection algorithm compares blocks to identify duplicate and non-duplicate regions. Only the non-duplicate regions are stored in the database, improving storage efficiency and updating speed compared to completely replacing existing images. Support vector machines are used to categorize the non-duplicate blocks into the appropriate classes in the existing images.
A self recovery approach using halftone images for medical imageryiaemedu
This document summarizes a proposed approach for securely transferring medical images over the internet using visual cryptography and halftone images. The approach uses error diffusion techniques to generate a halftone host image from the grayscale medical image. Shadow images are then created from the halftone host image using visual cryptography algorithms. When stacked together, the shadow images reveal the secret medical image. The halftone host image also contains an embedded logo that can be extracted to verify the integrity of the reconstructed image without a trusted third party.
A comparative study on multicast routing using dijkstra’siaemedu
This document presents a comparative study of Dijkstra's algorithm, Prim's algorithm, and Ant Colony Systems (ACS) for multicast routing. It describes an example network with 5 nodes and 10 paths and applies each algorithm to find the optimal routing paths. Dijkstra's algorithm is applied to the directed graph and finds the shortest paths from each node. Prim's algorithm is applied to the undirected graph to find the minimum spanning tree. ACS is also applied to the undirected graph using state transition rules and pheromone updating rules to determine paths. The results are analyzed and the computational complexity of each approach is compared.
The detection of routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networksiaemedu
This document discusses detecting routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks using the 2ACK scheme with the OLSR protocol. It begins by describing how packet loss can occur in MANETs due to selfish or misbehaving nodes that agree to forward packets but then drop them. It then summarizes existing methods for detecting misbehavior, including credit-based schemes using virtual currencies, reputation-based schemes using watchdog and path rater modules, and end-to-end acknowledgment schemes using ACKs and SACKs. The rest of the document focuses on simulating the 2ACK scheme with OLSR to reduce overhead and packet loss by having receivers acknowledge only a fraction of received packets. The results show this approach reduces packet loss
Visual cryptography scheme for color imagesiaemedu
This document summarizes a research paper on a new visual cryptography scheme for color images. The proposed scheme decomposes a color image into cyan, magenta, and yellow color spaces. Each color channel is then converted to binary using halftoning and shared using a (2,3) visual threshold scheme to generate three image shares. When two or more shares are stacked together, the original color image is revealed without loss of quality, as measured by structural similarity indices near 1. The scheme achieves encryption without increasing image size or bandwidth requirements compared to the original image.
Software process methodologies and a comparative study of various modelsiaemedu
This document provides a summary of different software process methodologies including the waterfall model, iterative model, extreme programming (XP), ISO standards, CMMI, Six Sigma, formal methods, and agile model. It compares these methods and discusses where each is best applied based on factors like project type, risk, and industry. The waterfall model is described as the traditional sequential approach while agile methods embrace adaptive planning and iterative development.
Software metric analysis methods for product developmentiaemedu
This document discusses various software metrics and methods for analyzing metrics to improve the software development process. It begins with an introduction to software metrics and their importance for project management. It then describes common software development phases and associated metrics that can be collected at each phase, such as lines of code, defects, and staff hours. The document proceeds to explain different types of charts and diagrams that can be used to analyze and visualize metrics data, including pie charts, Pareto diagrams, histograms, line charts, scatter plots, radar diagrams, and control charts. These various analysis methods help identify problems, determine correlations, and track performance over time in order to control and improve the software development process.