1. Expressive Types &
Tokens
Wollheim on Art

2. Mass art cannot be
any of its instances-
Destroying any copy
of a novel does not
destroy the novel so
it cannot be the set of
all instances

3. Also the author
would not write the
novel, just its initial
instance.
And even if it were
sets are abstract.

4. Even Less
so for opera

5. Single artworks Also
cannot be physical
objects-
Some properties are
incompatible with the
physical properties-
“St George Moves with
Life”, but it is marble
Donatello, St George

6. Some properties are
incompatible with the
physical properties-
“Donna Velata is
exhaulted and
dignified”, but it is
light reflected off a
two-dimensional
surface.
Raphael, Donna Velata

7. Expressiveness
Artworks acquire
expressiveness
because the artist is
in a certain state of
mind.
But this makes
expressiveness
external to the
artwork.
But I would make this Munch, The Scream
if I felt grief...

8. Expressiveness
Artworks acquire
expressiveness
because the work
evokes a certain state
of mind
This also makes
expressiveness
external to the
artwork.
But I would feel
grief in other Gorecki, Symphony No. 3.II
circumstances...

9. Tokens & Types
•Are works of art
physical objects? Yes.
•Are works of art
physical objects? No.
• Works of Art are
generic entities, type
+ tokens.

10. Tokens & Types
Tokens have all and
only those properties
that constitute its type.

11. How do you know? What is real?
The Mind
The
Good
That which changes least is most real
Intelligible World
You know best that which changes least
Recognition of:
The Good The True
The True The Beautiful
The Beautiful
understanding forms
geometric forms
reasoning functions <3 sided figure>
proofs formulae
Participation
The Eye beliefs ordinary The
sensations things Sun
visible world
imaginings illusions
shadows

12. Abstract Things
geometric forms
functions
reasoning formulae
proofs
<3 sided figure>
ordinary things Instantiation
emotions
sensations
imaginings illusions
shadows

13. geometric forms
Abstract Things functions
formulae
reasoning <being red>
proofs
<Red 184; Green 8; blue 0>
Universals
Instances
ordinary things Instantiation
emotions
sensations
imaginings illusions
shadows

14. The property isn’t itself
red
geometric forms
Abstract Things functions
formulae
reasoning <being red>
proofs
<Red 184; Green 8; blue 0>
Universals
Instances
ordinary things Instantiation
emotions
sensations
imaginings illusions
shadows

15. Abstract Things
Which properties are <being Ulysses>
transmitted?
reasoning
proofs
geometric forms
functions
formulae
Types
Tokens
ordinary things Instantiation
emotions
sensations
imaginings illusions
shadows

16. Abstract Things
<being Ulysses>
reasoning
proofs
geometric forms
functions
formulae
Types
plot, characters, diction, etc
Tokens
ordinary things Instantiation
emotions
sensations
imaginings illusions
shadows

17. Which properties are Abstract Things
<being Rosenkavalier>
transmitted?
reasoning
proofs
geometric forms
functions
formulae
Types
Tokens
ordinary things Instantiation
emotions
sensations
imaginings illusions
shadows

18. Abstract Things
<being Rosenkavalier>
reasoning
proofs
geometric forms
functions
formulae
Types
Melody, characters, etc
Tokens
ordinary things Instantiation
emotions
sensations
imaginings illusions
shadows