This document provides an overview of the First War of Independence in 1857 in India from the Indian perspective. It discusses the background of the East India Company's rule in India and the various political, socio-religious, economic, and military causes that led to the uprising in 1857. Key events discussed include the introduction of greased cartridges that were seen as offensive by Indian soldiers, the start of the rebellion in Meerut in May 1857 when Indian soldiers rebelled, the involvement of figures like Bahadur Shah II in Delhi and Nana Sahib in Kanpur, and the eventual recapture of major cities like Delhi and Lucknow by the British by September 1857. However, independence was not achieved at that time due to the
The document discusses the causes and consequences of the First War of Independence in 1857. The major causes included political, socio-religious, economic, and military factors such as British policies of expansion, disrespect shown to Indian rulers, economic exploitation, and ill-treatment of Indian soldiers. Key consequences were the end of East India Company rule, Queen Victoria's proclamation, rise of nationalism, and increased economic and racial exploitation of Indians under direct British rule.
Revolt of 1857 The 1857 Rebellion was a watershed moment in the British treatment of Indians The Indians were enraged at the Whites mistreatment and misbehavior against them The fundamental issue with Britishers was that they came to India solely to exploit the country s resources, which were hardly visible to the Indian authorities at the time
The document discusses the rise of British imperialism in India. It describes how the British East India Company established trading posts in India in the 1600s and 1700s. As the Mughal Empire declined, the East India Company's power grew and it began building its own military force composed mainly of Indian soldiers led by British commanders. A key moment was the Battle of Plassey in 1757, where British forces led by Robert Clive defeated the Nawab of Bengal, establishing British political and military control over Bengal. This marked the beginning of British rule over India.
Revolt of 1857
Reading Time: 10 Minutes
In the History of India, the year 1857 Has great importance. During this year, there occurred a major revolt in India, which shook the very foundations of British rule in India. The English had almost completed their conquests in India by 1856. They could not carry on their rule peacefully. These revolts broke out due to the dissatisfaction amongst the people against the government of the Company and its misrule.
The Revolt of 1857
Date- 10 May 1857 – 1 November 1858
(1 year and 6 months)
Location -India (Uttar Pradesh)
Result -British victory
1. Suppression of revolt
2. Formal end of the Mughal Empire
3. End of Company rule in India
4. Transfer of rule to the British Crown
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against British rule. The rebellion was caused by political, economic, religious and military grievances against the British East India Company's rule. Key events included the disputed greased cartridges that sparked the rebellion in Meerut, the capture of Delhi under the Mughal emperor, uprisings in Kanpur, Lucknow, Jhansi and other regions, and resistance led by figures like Rani Laxmi Bai. Ultimately, the rebellion failed due to a lack of unity and leadership, shortage of resources, and superior British military capabilities and technology.
The 1857 revolt was a major uprising against British rule in India that involved many disgruntled groups. It was sparked by both long-standing political, economic, social and religious grievances as well as more immediate triggers. Key causes included the annexation of states, the doctrine of lapse, high taxation, loss of jobs and status for Indians, introduction of new firearms, and activities of Christian missionaries. The revolt began with mutiny by sepoys in Meerut and spread to Delhi and other regions, but lacked strong centralized leadership and coordination. It was eventually suppressed by the British through superior weapons and communication, though it highlighted weaknesses in colonial control and had important impacts like transferring power to the British government.
This presentation provides information about the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the First War of Independence. It discusses the economic, political, social, religious, and military causes of the rebellion. It then describes the immediate spark which was the introduction of new gun cartridges greased with cow and pig fat. The rebellion began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers in Meerut in May 1857 and spread elsewhere. After defeating the rebels, Britain dissolved the East India Company and assumed direct control over India, reorganizing the administration and military.
The British Raj refers to the British rule over India between 1858 and 1947. The British East India Company originally established as a trading company gained control of India through military victories and treaties with local rulers. Key events that increased British control included the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857 after which the British government took direct control over India from the East India Company. While British rule brought infrastructure development and order, it also negatively impacted India's economy through taxation and policies that led to famines, and did not allow Indians significant roles in government.
The document discusses the causes and consequences of the First War of Independence in 1857. The major causes included political, socio-religious, economic, and military factors such as British policies of expansion, disrespect shown to Indian rulers, economic exploitation, and ill-treatment of Indian soldiers. Key consequences were the end of East India Company rule, Queen Victoria's proclamation, rise of nationalism, and increased economic and racial exploitation of Indians under direct British rule.
Revolt of 1857 The 1857 Rebellion was a watershed moment in the British treatment of Indians The Indians were enraged at the Whites mistreatment and misbehavior against them The fundamental issue with Britishers was that they came to India solely to exploit the country s resources, which were hardly visible to the Indian authorities at the time
The document discusses the rise of British imperialism in India. It describes how the British East India Company established trading posts in India in the 1600s and 1700s. As the Mughal Empire declined, the East India Company's power grew and it began building its own military force composed mainly of Indian soldiers led by British commanders. A key moment was the Battle of Plassey in 1757, where British forces led by Robert Clive defeated the Nawab of Bengal, establishing British political and military control over Bengal. This marked the beginning of British rule over India.
Revolt of 1857
Reading Time: 10 Minutes
In the History of India, the year 1857 Has great importance. During this year, there occurred a major revolt in India, which shook the very foundations of British rule in India. The English had almost completed their conquests in India by 1856. They could not carry on their rule peacefully. These revolts broke out due to the dissatisfaction amongst the people against the government of the Company and its misrule.
The Revolt of 1857
Date- 10 May 1857 – 1 November 1858
(1 year and 6 months)
Location -India (Uttar Pradesh)
Result -British victory
1. Suppression of revolt
2. Formal end of the Mughal Empire
3. End of Company rule in India
4. Transfer of rule to the British Crown
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against British rule. The rebellion was caused by political, economic, religious and military grievances against the British East India Company's rule. Key events included the disputed greased cartridges that sparked the rebellion in Meerut, the capture of Delhi under the Mughal emperor, uprisings in Kanpur, Lucknow, Jhansi and other regions, and resistance led by figures like Rani Laxmi Bai. Ultimately, the rebellion failed due to a lack of unity and leadership, shortage of resources, and superior British military capabilities and technology.
The 1857 revolt was a major uprising against British rule in India that involved many disgruntled groups. It was sparked by both long-standing political, economic, social and religious grievances as well as more immediate triggers. Key causes included the annexation of states, the doctrine of lapse, high taxation, loss of jobs and status for Indians, introduction of new firearms, and activities of Christian missionaries. The revolt began with mutiny by sepoys in Meerut and spread to Delhi and other regions, but lacked strong centralized leadership and coordination. It was eventually suppressed by the British through superior weapons and communication, though it highlighted weaknesses in colonial control and had important impacts like transferring power to the British government.
This presentation provides information about the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the First War of Independence. It discusses the economic, political, social, religious, and military causes of the rebellion. It then describes the immediate spark which was the introduction of new gun cartridges greased with cow and pig fat. The rebellion began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers in Meerut in May 1857 and spread elsewhere. After defeating the rebels, Britain dissolved the East India Company and assumed direct control over India, reorganizing the administration and military.
The British Raj refers to the British rule over India between 1858 and 1947. The British East India Company originally established as a trading company gained control of India through military victories and treaties with local rulers. Key events that increased British control included the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857 after which the British government took direct control over India from the East India Company. While British rule brought infrastructure development and order, it also negatively impacted India's economy through taxation and policies that led to famines, and did not allow Indians significant roles in government.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The main causes were political, as local leaders lost authority to the British; religious and social, as British culture threatened local faiths; economic, as high taxes burdened peasants; and military, as low pay and lack of promotion resented sepoys. In 1857, sepoys rebelled against new rifles greased with cow and pig fat. The rebellion spread from Meerut to Delhi, where many rulers joined. However, the British eventually suppressed the rebellion by 1858, imprisoning Emperor Bahadur Shah II.
The 1857 War of Independence was sparked by many political, religious, social, and economic factors that increased resentment toward British rule in India. Politically, the British extended their control of land and replaced Persian with English as the official language. Religiously and socially, the British disrespected Indian culture and sent Christian monks to spread their religion. Economically, the British imposed heavy taxes, filled markets with cheap goods, and many Indians became impoverished. Militarily, high-ranking positions were closed to Indians. The war began when sepoys mutinied over new gun cartridges but later expanded, with Delhi and other cities captured. However, the rebellion ultimately failed due to lack of unity among differing Indian groups
The 1857 uprising in India marked an important turning point in the country's struggle for independence from British rule. It was caused by many political, social, economic, religious and administrative factors that had led to growing resentment among Indian rulers, nobility, and soldiers. The introduction of new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat sparked the initial mutiny by Indian soldiers in Meerut, which then spread rapidly to other areas. While the revolt was suppressed due to lack of coordination and support, it ended Company rule in India and increased nationalist sentiments, paving the way for India's future independence movement.
The British came to India for trade but eventually established political control over the entire subcontinent through a series of wars, treaties, and policies. They defeated rival powers like the Marathas and Sikhs and annexed their territories. Through policies like subsidiary alliances, doctrines of lapse, and revenue settlements, the British made the Indian states dependent on them and consolidated their rule. This led to economic and social changes that negatively impacted India's economy and people's livelihoods.
The British East India Company gradually expanded its control over India as the Mughal Empire declined in the 1700s and 1800s. Key events included Robert Clive's victory over the Nawab of Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, which established Company rule in Bengal. The Company exploited India's resources and restricted its industry. This caused economic problems and famines. It also modernized India through infrastructure projects and education. However, British policies disrespected Indian culture and oppressed the Indian people, leading to the Sepoy Mutiny against the Company in 1857.
The document summarizes British imperialism in India from the 1700s to the late 1800s. It describes how the British East India Company established trading posts and gradually took control of local rulers. The British proclaimed direct rule over India in the 1850s and implemented policies that disrupted the local economy and society, such as banning the traditional practice of sati and restricting child marriage. Indian soldiers rebelled against new cartridge policies in 1857, but the British crushed the rebellion and took complete control, dividing India into provinces under the British Raj.
The British East India Company expanded its control over most of India as the Mughal Empire declined. By the 1850s, the Company ruled India and maintained control through its Indian army, made up of sepoy soldiers. However, in 1857, sepoys rebelled against new Enfield rifles that required biting cartridges greased with animal fat, sparking the Sepoy Mutiny against British rule. The rebellion was crushed, and Britain took direct control over India as resentment between Indians and the British increased.
The 85 Indian troopers were court martialled in Meerut for refusing to use new cartridges rumored to contain cow and pig fat. On May 10th, the troopers stormed the jail and released their comrades, and civilians joined in killing 50 Europeans. The revolt quickly spread due to political, social, religious, economic and administrative grievances under the British East India Company's rule. Key centers of revolt included Meerut, Delhi, Kanpur and Jhansi. The revolt was suppressed by July 1858, and led to control of India being transferred to the British Crown and more involvement of Indians in administration.
The document provides information about British rule in India from the 1600s to 1900s. It summarizes that the British East India Company gained control of much of India after a key victory in 1757. Over the decades, the Company took over more local administration and tax collection until it essentially governed large parts of India. There was resentment from Indians due to discrimination, economic policies that damaged local industries, and interference with cultural traditions. In 1858 the British government took direct control as imperial rulers after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
The British East India Company gained control over much of India through manipulation of local rulers and military force. This led to resentment among Indians and the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857, after which the British government took direct control over India. Under the British Raj from 1858 to 1947, India provided raw materials and a large market for British goods but Indians had little political power. Tensions increased during World War I as Indians helped Britain but sought independence. The Rowlatt Act and Amritsar Massacre further angered Indians and strengthened the independence movement led by Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.
Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After.pptxCNest1
The document provides background information on the Revolt of 1857 in India. It discusses the political, social, economic and military causes that led to the revolt. Key causes included the Doctrine of Lapse, social reforms imposed by the British, economic exploitation of India, and discrimination faced by Indian soldiers in the army. The immediate cause was the introduction of greased cartridges for the new Enfield rifle. The revolt began in Meerut and spread to Delhi, Kanpur, Jhansi, Lucknow and other major centers. Key leaders included Bahadur Shah II, Nana Sahib, the Rani of Jhansi and Begum Hazrat Mahal. Though the revolt ultimately failed, it weakened British rule
This document provides an overview of the First War of Indian Independence in 1857 and key events in the Indian independence movement. It discusses the causes and results of the 1857 uprising as well as reasons for its failure. It then outlines the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 and divisions between Moderates and Extremists. Other topics summarized include the Partition of Bengal in 1905, the Swadeshi movement, and the Jallianwallah Bagh massacre in 1919.
The document summarizes the various causes that led to the revolt of 1857 in India. The economic exploitation of India by the British hurt many sections of society, while the annexation of territories displaced rulers and angered the ruling classes. Social reforms introduced by the British were seen as interference in Indian customs. Growing Christian missionary activities and conversions caused religious concerns. The Indian soldiers faced poor treatment, low pay and the introduction of greased cartridges seen as offensive to Hindus and Muslims, serving as the immediate spark for the revolt to begin.
The document summarizes the various causes that led to the revolt of 1857 in India. The economic exploitation of India by the British hurt many sections of society, while the annexation of territories displaced rulers and angered the ruling classes. Social reforms introduced by the British were seen as interference in Indian customs. Growing religious activities of Christian missionaries led to fears that the British wanted to destroy Indian religion. The Indian soldiers were treated poorly and faced various grievances. The immediate spark was the introduction of greased cartridges for the Enfield rifle, which contained beef and pork fat offensive to Hindus and Muslims. The refusal to use these cartridges by soldiers in Meerut and Delhi touched off the major revolt.
The British East India Company gained control of much of India after a decisive victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 over the Nawab of Bengal. During the 1700s and 1800s, the East India Company slowly took control of more Indian territories as the Mughal Empire declined. While initially just a trading company, the EIC gradually began exercising administrative and military control of the regions it dominated. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British government took over direct control and administration of India, establishing the British Raj which lasted until 1947.
The British East India Company established trading posts in India and gradually expanded their influence over local rulers. By the mid-1800s, Britain had established direct control over India after the last Mughal emperor was overthrown. Under British rule, economic policies benefited British industry at the expense of Indian businesses. Infrastructure like railroads expanded under the British but also aided the extraction of resources. Social changes from British influence included banning practices like sati and reforms to marriage customs. Growing resentment led to the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857 against new equipment that violated Hindu and Muslim beliefs, which marked the end of East India Company rule and established direct British authority over India.
War of Independence 1857 (Indian Revolt 1857)Haroon Khaliq
It is a power point work on the Indian mutiny of 1857 or the Indian attempt to gain self rule against British. If you do not get the concept from this work you can watch the video at last.
1. The document discusses the various causes that led to the Indian War of Independence in 1857, including political, economic, social, religious and military factors.
2. Politically, the British annexed many states using the Doctrine of Lapse and policies of expansion, angering local rulers. Economically, the British destroyed local industries, imposed an unfair tax system, and created widespread unemployment.
3. Religiously, the British propagated Christianity aggressively and passed laws interfering with local customs and beliefs. Socially and militarily, the British disbanded armies of annexed states, showed racial discrimination, and introduced cartridges greased with cow or pig fat offensive to Hindus and Muslims.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The main causes were political, as local leaders lost authority to the British; religious and social, as British culture threatened local faiths; economic, as high taxes burdened peasants; and military, as low pay and lack of promotion resented sepoys. In 1857, sepoys rebelled against new rifles greased with cow and pig fat. The rebellion spread from Meerut to Delhi, where many rulers joined. However, the British eventually suppressed the rebellion by 1858, imprisoning Emperor Bahadur Shah II.
The 1857 War of Independence was sparked by many political, religious, social, and economic factors that increased resentment toward British rule in India. Politically, the British extended their control of land and replaced Persian with English as the official language. Religiously and socially, the British disrespected Indian culture and sent Christian monks to spread their religion. Economically, the British imposed heavy taxes, filled markets with cheap goods, and many Indians became impoverished. Militarily, high-ranking positions were closed to Indians. The war began when sepoys mutinied over new gun cartridges but later expanded, with Delhi and other cities captured. However, the rebellion ultimately failed due to lack of unity among differing Indian groups
The 1857 uprising in India marked an important turning point in the country's struggle for independence from British rule. It was caused by many political, social, economic, religious and administrative factors that had led to growing resentment among Indian rulers, nobility, and soldiers. The introduction of new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat sparked the initial mutiny by Indian soldiers in Meerut, which then spread rapidly to other areas. While the revolt was suppressed due to lack of coordination and support, it ended Company rule in India and increased nationalist sentiments, paving the way for India's future independence movement.
The British came to India for trade but eventually established political control over the entire subcontinent through a series of wars, treaties, and policies. They defeated rival powers like the Marathas and Sikhs and annexed their territories. Through policies like subsidiary alliances, doctrines of lapse, and revenue settlements, the British made the Indian states dependent on them and consolidated their rule. This led to economic and social changes that negatively impacted India's economy and people's livelihoods.
The British East India Company gradually expanded its control over India as the Mughal Empire declined in the 1700s and 1800s. Key events included Robert Clive's victory over the Nawab of Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757, which established Company rule in Bengal. The Company exploited India's resources and restricted its industry. This caused economic problems and famines. It also modernized India through infrastructure projects and education. However, British policies disrespected Indian culture and oppressed the Indian people, leading to the Sepoy Mutiny against the Company in 1857.
The document summarizes British imperialism in India from the 1700s to the late 1800s. It describes how the British East India Company established trading posts and gradually took control of local rulers. The British proclaimed direct rule over India in the 1850s and implemented policies that disrupted the local economy and society, such as banning the traditional practice of sati and restricting child marriage. Indian soldiers rebelled against new cartridge policies in 1857, but the British crushed the rebellion and took complete control, dividing India into provinces under the British Raj.
The British East India Company expanded its control over most of India as the Mughal Empire declined. By the 1850s, the Company ruled India and maintained control through its Indian army, made up of sepoy soldiers. However, in 1857, sepoys rebelled against new Enfield rifles that required biting cartridges greased with animal fat, sparking the Sepoy Mutiny against British rule. The rebellion was crushed, and Britain took direct control over India as resentment between Indians and the British increased.
The 85 Indian troopers were court martialled in Meerut for refusing to use new cartridges rumored to contain cow and pig fat. On May 10th, the troopers stormed the jail and released their comrades, and civilians joined in killing 50 Europeans. The revolt quickly spread due to political, social, religious, economic and administrative grievances under the British East India Company's rule. Key centers of revolt included Meerut, Delhi, Kanpur and Jhansi. The revolt was suppressed by July 1858, and led to control of India being transferred to the British Crown and more involvement of Indians in administration.
The document provides information about British rule in India from the 1600s to 1900s. It summarizes that the British East India Company gained control of much of India after a key victory in 1757. Over the decades, the Company took over more local administration and tax collection until it essentially governed large parts of India. There was resentment from Indians due to discrimination, economic policies that damaged local industries, and interference with cultural traditions. In 1858 the British government took direct control as imperial rulers after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
The British East India Company gained control over much of India through manipulation of local rulers and military force. This led to resentment among Indians and the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857, after which the British government took direct control over India. Under the British Raj from 1858 to 1947, India provided raw materials and a large market for British goods but Indians had little political power. Tensions increased during World War I as Indians helped Britain but sought independence. The Rowlatt Act and Amritsar Massacre further angered Indians and strengthened the independence movement led by Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.
Chapter 5 When People Rebel 1857 and After.pptxCNest1
The document provides background information on the Revolt of 1857 in India. It discusses the political, social, economic and military causes that led to the revolt. Key causes included the Doctrine of Lapse, social reforms imposed by the British, economic exploitation of India, and discrimination faced by Indian soldiers in the army. The immediate cause was the introduction of greased cartridges for the new Enfield rifle. The revolt began in Meerut and spread to Delhi, Kanpur, Jhansi, Lucknow and other major centers. Key leaders included Bahadur Shah II, Nana Sahib, the Rani of Jhansi and Begum Hazrat Mahal. Though the revolt ultimately failed, it weakened British rule
This document provides an overview of the First War of Indian Independence in 1857 and key events in the Indian independence movement. It discusses the causes and results of the 1857 uprising as well as reasons for its failure. It then outlines the formation of the Indian National Congress in 1885 and divisions between Moderates and Extremists. Other topics summarized include the Partition of Bengal in 1905, the Swadeshi movement, and the Jallianwallah Bagh massacre in 1919.
The document summarizes the various causes that led to the revolt of 1857 in India. The economic exploitation of India by the British hurt many sections of society, while the annexation of territories displaced rulers and angered the ruling classes. Social reforms introduced by the British were seen as interference in Indian customs. Growing Christian missionary activities and conversions caused religious concerns. The Indian soldiers faced poor treatment, low pay and the introduction of greased cartridges seen as offensive to Hindus and Muslims, serving as the immediate spark for the revolt to begin.
The document summarizes the various causes that led to the revolt of 1857 in India. The economic exploitation of India by the British hurt many sections of society, while the annexation of territories displaced rulers and angered the ruling classes. Social reforms introduced by the British were seen as interference in Indian customs. Growing religious activities of Christian missionaries led to fears that the British wanted to destroy Indian religion. The Indian soldiers were treated poorly and faced various grievances. The immediate spark was the introduction of greased cartridges for the Enfield rifle, which contained beef and pork fat offensive to Hindus and Muslims. The refusal to use these cartridges by soldiers in Meerut and Delhi touched off the major revolt.
The British East India Company gained control of much of India after a decisive victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 over the Nawab of Bengal. During the 1700s and 1800s, the East India Company slowly took control of more Indian territories as the Mughal Empire declined. While initially just a trading company, the EIC gradually began exercising administrative and military control of the regions it dominated. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British government took over direct control and administration of India, establishing the British Raj which lasted until 1947.
The British East India Company established trading posts in India and gradually expanded their influence over local rulers. By the mid-1800s, Britain had established direct control over India after the last Mughal emperor was overthrown. Under British rule, economic policies benefited British industry at the expense of Indian businesses. Infrastructure like railroads expanded under the British but also aided the extraction of resources. Social changes from British influence included banning practices like sati and reforms to marriage customs. Growing resentment led to the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857 against new equipment that violated Hindu and Muslim beliefs, which marked the end of East India Company rule and established direct British authority over India.
War of Independence 1857 (Indian Revolt 1857)Haroon Khaliq
It is a power point work on the Indian mutiny of 1857 or the Indian attempt to gain self rule against British. If you do not get the concept from this work you can watch the video at last.
1. The document discusses the various causes that led to the Indian War of Independence in 1857, including political, economic, social, religious and military factors.
2. Politically, the British annexed many states using the Doctrine of Lapse and policies of expansion, angering local rulers. Economically, the British destroyed local industries, imposed an unfair tax system, and created widespread unemployment.
3. Religiously, the British propagated Christianity aggressively and passed laws interfering with local customs and beliefs. Socially and militarily, the British disbanded armies of annexed states, showed racial discrimination, and introduced cartridges greased with cow or pig fat offensive to Hindus and Muslims.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. The 1st War of
Independence
1857
Chapter 3
Page
2. War of Independence 1857
What do you know about the WAR!
• What was the EIC?
• What were the long and short-Term
causes of the War?
• Why was the independence not
achieved then?
3. Agenda
Background
Brief background of
the event
Consequences of War
of Independence
a) Effects of War
b) Reasons of Failure
Causes of War of
Independence
a) Political
b) Social and Religious
c) Economic
d) Religious
Assignment
Booklet Worksheets
4. This was a serious challenge faced by the
British in 1857,
What is
your
opinion
about this!
NEXT SLIDE
Indian and British Perspective
INDIAN
MUTINY
WAR OF
INDEPENDENCE
5. Lets watch a video to recall the causes of this
war and then the the class will be divided in
two groups!
1st group will act as British to prove that it was Mutiny
by Indians…
2nd group will act as Indians to prove that it was the
high time and they wanted Independence
6.
7. Tell me Why!!!!
Why do your parents say
that you should not play a
lot and you don’t agree
rather say that you should
have more playtime!
It is all about different
perspectives!!! Parents see
bigger picture
10. Political Causes
British Policy of
Expansion
Disrespect to
Royals
Absentee Sovereignty
of the British
Outright Wars, Subsidiary
Alliance, Doctrine of Lapse,
Annexation of Awadh
a. Bahadur Shah Zafar
b. Nana Sahib
c. Rani Laxmi Bai
11. 1. Political
Causes
a. By outright Wars
British fought wars to extend
their control in Indian
territory
Examples; War of Buxar
(BBO), Anglo Mysore War,
Third Anglo Maratha War,
Second Anglo-Sikh War etc.
b. Disrespecting Mughal
• Emperor had little power left.
• Royal Family had to leave Red
Fort Delhi
12. 1. Political
Causes
c. Doctrine of Lapse
• Annexation policy by Lord
Dalhousie in 1852.
• “If any king/ruler of state
didn’t have a natural heir
(son); after his death his
state will be ruled by British.
• Company will inherit his
property.
• Jhansi
• Nagpur
• Satara
• Udaipur
Victim States
13. 1. Political
Causes
d. Annexation of Awadh
➢ Lord Dalhousie annexed
Awadh on 13 Feb 1856.
➢ on the pretext of Alleged
Misrule; stating the
incompetent administrative
system of Awadh they have
to take control.
➢ British broke their
promises given to
ruling chiefs.
14. Pay higher taxes &
revenues
Unemployment
rose
Property were
confiscated
75000 sepoys were worst affected & didn’t like
what British did in Awadh.
Problems
of
people
of
Awadh
16. 1. Political
Causes Disrespect shown to
Bahadur Shah
➢ After his death of Bahadur
Shah Zafar , Lord Dalhousie
announced that ruler’s widow
Zeenat Mahal and successors
cant use Red Fort as Palace.
➢ In 1956 Lord Canning
announced that the
successors can’t use imperial
titles. This hurt sentiments of
Muslims.
18. 1. Political
Causes Treatment given to Nana
Saheb
➢ Baji Rao II- the last Peshwa
on the pension of company
after his death company
refused to pay to his adopted
son i.e Nana Sahib.
➢ He was sent to Kanpur away
from Poona.
➢ He then travelled to different
parts of country to create
awareness about British
policies.
19. 1. Political
Causes
Treatment given to Rani
Laxmi Bai
➢ Victim of Doctrine of Lapse.
➢ In 1853 Ruler of Jhansi died
without natural heir. Widow
Rani was retired and their
adopted son Anand Rao wasn’t
recognized as successor to
throne.
➢ In reaction to this Rani
became the enemy of British
20. 1. Political
Causes
India’s Wealth Drained to
England
• India was being ruled by
British from England
• Indians felt that wealth of
India was drained to England
and wasn’t used for the
welfare of Indians.
• other rulers like Mughals
who spent the revenue
collected from India in India
21. 2. SOCIO-RELIGIOUS
CAUSES 1. Interference with Social Customs
Sati, Widow Remarriage Act, Western
education to girls wasn’t welcomed
by masses.
2. Apprehension about Modern
Innovations like Railways &
Telegraph Indians misunderstood that
telegraph poles were erect to hand
them and in railways higher castes
were made to seat with lower castes.
3. Policy of Racial Discrimination
Disrespect & Ill-treatment was given
to Indians.
Take notes on
Pg#3 booklet
22. 2. SOCIO-RELIGIOUS
CAUSES 4. Corruption in Administration rich
were allowed to go away after
crime and poor were looted &
tortured.
5. Oppression of the Poor Beating,
Torture and Imprisonment
6. Fear regarding Western
Education Pandits and Maulvis
feared that it is done to convert
their children to Christians.
7. Taxing religious places lands
belonging to temples and
mosques
23. 3. Economic
Causes 1. Exploitation of Economic
resources
2. Drain of wealth
3. Decay of cottage industries
and handicrafts
4. Growing unemployment
5. Inhuman treatment of Indigo
cultivators
6. Poverty & Famines
7. Economic decline of
Peasantry
8. Decline of landed Aristocracy
Take notes on Pg#3
booklet
24. 3. Economic
Causes • India was forced to export cotton,
silk at cheaper rate to England.
• Forced plantation of Indigo and
Tea.
• Indians had to accept ready made
British goods.
• Indian products had high import
duties in England
25. 3. Economic
Causes • Indian handmade products couldn't
compete with machine made
British products.
• Problem of unemployment
increased
• India had no agricultural surplus
which raised the prices of raw
material in India
26. 3. Economic
Causes • After Battle of Plassey, British
stopped bringing gold to India.
• Raw material was bought in
England from the surplus revenues
of Bengal and started looting
India’ raw materials, resources
and wealth.
• The transfer of wealth from India
to England is called Drain of
Wealth.
27. 3. Economic
Causes
• Heavy duties killed Indian Cottage
Industries and Handicrafts.
• Imported British goods worsened
their condition
• Export of cotton and silk was
ceased
• Art of spinning and weaving was
killed creating severe
unemployment
• Absence of royal buyers- Princes,
Zamindars etc.
28. 3. Economic
Causes 4. Growing unemployment
5. Inhuman treatment of Indigo
cultivators: forced plantation of
Indigo, other crops were
destroyed if didn’t follow the
orders and cattle were taken
away as punishment.
6. Poverty & Famines
29. 3. Economic
Causes 7. Economic decline of Peasantry:
Peasants had to pay heavy taxes &
land revenues.
8. Decline of landed Aristocracy:
Hereditary landlords & Taluqdars’
2000 estates were confiscated (who
couldn't produce evidences of
ownership) and auctioned. Merchants
and moneylenders bought these
estates and exploited tenants.
30. Categories the following causes in; Socio- religious and Economic
• Drain of wealth
• Interference in customs
• Unemployment
• Corruption in administration
• Poverty and famine
Socio-Religious Economic
31. 4. Military
Causes 1. Ill treatment of Indian Soldiers
2. Lower Salaries
3. Deprivation of Allowances
4. Less Chances of Promotions
5. General Service Enlistment Act
6. Larger Proportion of Indians in
the British Army
7. Faculty distribution of Troops
8. Poor performance of British
Troops
Take notes on Pg#3
booklet
32. 4.Military causes
Ill treatment
of Indian
Soldiers
Lower
Salaries
Deprivation of
Allowances
Less Chances of
Promotions
Indian soldiers
were ill
treated, poorly
fed & badly
housed. Didn’t
bother about
their
sentiments and
didn’t allow to
keep beard,
wear turbans
etc
Indian soldiers
were paid
eight times
less salaries
than British
soldiers.
British empire was
spread across the
nation and soldiers
had to serve in areas
away from their
homes without extra
payment and
additional Bhatta
(foreign service
allowance) Free post
facility for Sepoys
was also taken off.
All higher posts were
reserved for British
(irrespective of their
performances). Indians
soldiers had thin chances
of promotions.
33. 4.Military causes…….
General
Service
Enlistment
Act
Larger
Proportion of
Indians in the
British Army
Faulty distribution
of Troops
Poor performance of
British Troops
It was
considered as
Taboo for
Brahmin to
cross the sea.
In spite of
that British
sent Indians
overseas on
duty. Didn’t
bother about
the sentiments
In 1856,
2,38,000
Indian soldiers
worked in
British army
as compared to
45,322 British
Soldiers.
Strategic important
places like Delhi &
Allahabad had no
British armies and
was held by only
Indian soldiers.
When England was
busy fighting wars
outside Indian
soldiers decided to
strike British.
Without support of Indian
soldiers, British army was
weak this fact was
realized by the Indian
soldiers. Also in various
other wars British had to
face defeat this broke
the myth that British
were invincible.
34. Short term and Long term Causes
of War of Independence
Short Term Causes Long Term Causes
Doctrine of Lapse Religious causes
Greased Cartridges Social Issues
Political causes
Economic causes
37. Why was the issue of
‘Greased Cartridge’ so
important in 1857?
●Refer to page
number 29 of the
textbook
38. 2. In March
Sepoy named Mangal
Panday defied his
British officers and
was executed
3. In May
• In Meerut Sepoys refused to
touch new cartridges.
• They were court- martialed
and put in prison.
• Their fellows broke into the
prison and freed them.
• Meerut was sacked and
British officers were put to
death.
• Soldiers marched to Delhi.
• Bahadur Shah became the
unifying symbol.
39.
40. 5. Battle of Cawnpore:
June 1857
• In Cawnpore Indian troops led
by Nana Sahib rose against
British.
• British forces trapped for three
weeks
• After promising safe passage,
the British surrendered.
• They left the city, Nana sahib
forces attacked them ; killed
300 women and children
• When British recaptured city
they took revenge and took
worst atrocities.
6. In September
• British were too powerful to
be defeated.
• In September Delhi was
regained.
• Bahadur Shah II surrendered
peacefully; his sons were
murdered brutally.
• Lucknow was recaptured in
September 1857.
41. 7. June 1858
● The main center of power was
Jhansi
● Jhansi was led by Laxmibai.
● She was assisted by Tatya Topee,
Indian general.
● In June 1858 Laxmibai was killed.
● Tatya Topee escaped, and later
executed.
45. Mangal Panday
● Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier, whose
attack on British officers on March 29,
1857, was the first major incident of what
came to be known as the Indian, or Sepoy,
Mutiny
● Pandey’s career ambitions, however,
came into conflict with his religious
beliefs. While he was posted at the
garrison in Barrackpore in the mid-
1850s, a new Enfield rifle was
introduced into India that required a
soldier to bite off the ends of greased
cartridges in order to load the weapon.
A rumor spread that the lubricant used
was either cow or pig fat, which was
repugnant to Hindus or Muslims,
respectively. The belief arose among
the sepoys that the British had
deliberately used the lard on the
cartridges.
48. Indian Weaknesses
• Lack of Unity
• No general plan
• No attempt to work
together
• Most Indian princes
didn’t want the
Mughals to restore.
• No real sense of
Patriotism
• Indian Princes wanted
their own feudal power
• Kashmiri Ruler helped
British
• Became a Muslim Revolt
British Strength
✓Superior British Army
✓Modern methods.
✓ Skilled diplomats
✓ found it easy to play with
disunited Indians
✓Highly efficient military
machines
49. Consequences/
effects of War
of
Independence
1857
1. End of East India Company’s
Rule
2. Queen Victoria’s Proclamation
3. End of Mughals and Peshwas
4. Relations with Princely States
5. Policy of Divide and Rule
6. Widening Gulf between Hindus
and Muslims
7. Racial Antagonism
8. Increased Racial Bitterness
9. Religious Changes
10. Foreign Policy
11. Changes in the Army
12. Economic Exploitation
13. Rise of Nationalism
50. ✓ End of the East India Company’s
rule
Crown took over the charge from
Company. Secretary of State for India
was appointed who reported to
British Parliament.
✓ Queen Victoria’s Proclamation
1 Nov, 1958 at Allahabad the
transfer of governance was done.
Lord Canning became the first
Viceroy of India. Promised not to
intervene in social and religious
matters, would bring equality, pardon
soldiers, best for Indian industries
etc.
51. ✓ End of Mughals and Peshwas
Bahadur Shah II went to Yangon
and Nana Saheb went to Nepal.
Two foes of British came to an
end.
✓ Relations with Princely States
Policy of Annexation and Doctrine
of Lapse were abandoned.
✓ Policy of Divide & Rule After 1858,
British started Divide and Rule
Policy. Caste against Caste,
Princes against people and Hindus
against Muslims.
52. ✓ Widening Gulf between Hindus and
Muslims British sowed seeds of
hatred among Hindus & Muslims.
✓ Racial Antagonism British believed
that they were superior and
maintained distance from Indians.
Railways, Parks, Hotels etc had
seats “Reserved for Europeans
Only’
✓ Increased Racial Bitterness:
British believed that Indian aren’t
trust worthy and remodeled the
structure of Indian government
based on the idea of a superior
race.
53. ✓ Religious changes: British rulers
declared that they would not
intervene in religious affairs,
customs and traditions.
✓ Foreign Policy: India foreign policy
was decided by British with two
aims: a) protection of its Indian
empire and b) expansion of British
economic & commercial interests.
54. ✓ To avoid another uprising Indian army was
reorganized after 1858 in following
manner:
✓ No. of Indian troops was decreased to
1,40,00 and No. of European troops was
increased to 65,000.
✓ European troops were kept in key
locations.
✓ Policy of excluding Indians from officer
positions was strictly followed.
✓ Weapons were never placed under the
charge of Indians.
✓ Divide and Rule policy was practiced
during the recruitment in the army.
Discouraged nationalism through
caste/religion discrimination in
regiments.
✓ Soldiers weren’t allowed to read
newspapers & journals.
55. ✓ India became a colony to export raw
material and import finished goods.
✓ Salaries of soldiers, military officers,
Council members was taken from India’s
resources
✓ Peasants were bankrupt/poor during
British rule. (Indigo peasants)
✓ Indian cottage industries and handicrafts
Collapsed
✓ Indians had to pay heavy taxes, revenues
and dividend to British.
56. ✓ Uprising of 1857, paved way for the
Rise of the National Movement.
✓ Sacrifices made by Rani Laxmi Bai,
Nana Saheb, Mangal Pandey inspired
Indians.
✓ Started a tradition of resistance to
the British rule.