The document summarizes the various causes that led to the revolt of 1857 in India. The economic exploitation of India by the British hurt many sections of society, while the annexation of territories displaced rulers and angered the ruling classes. Social reforms introduced by the British were seen as interference in Indian customs. Growing Christian missionary activities and conversions caused religious concerns. The Indian soldiers faced poor treatment, low pay and the introduction of greased cartridges seen as offensive to Hindus and Muslims, serving as the immediate spark for the revolt to begin.
War of Independence 1857 (Indian Revolt 1857)Haroon Khaliq
It is a power point work on the Indian mutiny of 1857 or the Indian attempt to gain self rule against British. If you do not get the concept from this work you can watch the video at last.
Causes of failure: The war of independence 1857Arifa
Causes of failure of the war of independence PROCLAMATION/DECLARATION OF 1857
The rulers of different states of Indo-Pakistan
The British succeeded
Bahadur Shah Zafar, the Indian King, had no experience of fighting a war
British army was highly organized, trained, disciplined and experienced
This presentation is based on the sepoy revolt of 1857 against the british colonial officers.This presentation gives a brief overview of the causes and the outcomes of the revolt.
War of Independence 1857 (Indian Revolt 1857)Haroon Khaliq
It is a power point work on the Indian mutiny of 1857 or the Indian attempt to gain self rule against British. If you do not get the concept from this work you can watch the video at last.
Causes of failure: The war of independence 1857Arifa
Causes of failure of the war of independence PROCLAMATION/DECLARATION OF 1857
The rulers of different states of Indo-Pakistan
The British succeeded
Bahadur Shah Zafar, the Indian King, had no experience of fighting a war
British army was highly organized, trained, disciplined and experienced
This presentation is based on the sepoy revolt of 1857 against the british colonial officers.This presentation gives a brief overview of the causes and the outcomes of the revolt.
ICSE History Chapter No.1
The First War of Independence (1857)
Revolt of 1857
-Causes: Political, Socio-Religious, Economic & Military.
-Immediate Cause: Greasing the cartridges of Enfield Rifle with cow & pig fat, sentiments of soldiers were hurt, Mangal Pandey shot British officer and later Mangal Pandey was hung, this infuriated the Indian soldiers and they started the revolt.
-Consequences of the First War of Independence.
-Drawbacks of the First War of Independence.
war of independence : 1857
the revolt was the first independence war but the British said This is the rebellion, mutiny.this war is between the Indian soldiers and British Indian army .
ICSE History Chapter No.1
The First War of Independence (1857)
Revolt of 1857
-Causes: Political, Socio-Religious, Economic & Military.
-Immediate Cause: Greasing the cartridges of Enfield Rifle with cow & pig fat, sentiments of soldiers were hurt, Mangal Pandey shot British officer and later Mangal Pandey was hung, this infuriated the Indian soldiers and they started the revolt.
-Consequences of the First War of Independence.
-Drawbacks of the First War of Independence.
war of independence : 1857
the revolt was the first independence war but the British said This is the rebellion, mutiny.this war is between the Indian soldiers and British Indian army .
1857 - British termed it as Revolt of 1857. But many Indian termed it the 'First War of Indian Independence'. Veer Sawarkar was the first person to call it 'First War of Indian Independence'
Revolt of 1857 The 1857 Rebellion was a watershed moment in the British treatment of Indians The Indians were enraged at the Whites mistreatment and misbehavior against them The fundamental issue with Britishers was that they came to India solely to exploit the country s resources, which were hardly visible to the Indian authorities at the time
Revolt of 1857
Reading Time: 10 Minutes
In the History of India, the year 1857 Has great importance. During this year, there occurred a major revolt in India, which shook the very foundations of British rule in India. The English had almost completed their conquests in India by 1856. They could not carry on their rule peacefully. These revolts broke out due to the dissatisfaction amongst the people against the government of the Company and its misrule.
The Revolt of 1857
Date- 10 May 1857 – 1 November 1858
(1 year and 6 months)
Location -India (Uttar Pradesh)
Result -British victory
1. Suppression of revolt
2. Formal end of the Mughal Empire
3. End of Company rule in India
4. Transfer of rule to the British Crown
The 1857 war was a watershed moment in the history of the Indian subcontinent. The battle has sparked academic debate among historians and sociologists all around the world. Despite the fact that it has been more than 150 years, this battle continues to pique the interest of historians. The war's causes and events that occurred throughout the conflict, persons who backed the British and anti-British fighters, and the results and ramifications, are all aspects of this conflict. In terms of outcomes, many academics believe that the war was a failure for those who started it. It is often assumed that the Indians who battled the British in this conflict were unable to achieve their goals. Many gains accrued to Indians as a result of the conflict, but these achievements are overshadowed by the dispute over the war's failure. This research effort focuses on the war's achievements for India, and the significance of those achievements.
The Insurgency of 1857 in British India The First war of Independenceijtsrd
The Mutiny of 1857 proved to be a land mark in the history of India. This Mutiny ended the company's rule. However, after the war the rule of the British Crown began. Not only common people took part in the Mutiny but also the princes, the Nawabs, the Rajas, the rulers, the Zamindars and even the Sepoys took interest in the Mutiny. During the Mutiny, the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar 1837 1862 was proclaimed as the Emperor of India. The Mutiny began on 10th May 1857 and then spread like wildfire to different parts of the country. The people and the Sepoys rose to the rebellion against the unlawful activities of the British Govt. By this Article a better understanding about the insurgency of 1857 has been made to know the actual cause behind the Mutiny and to know why the Indians felt dissatisfied with the British Govt. This Article helps us to reconstruct the History of the Mutiny of 1857, to know the nature and background of the Mutiny, the beginning of the Mutiny, the causes of the Mutiny, the spread or the main events of the Mutiny, the failure of the Mutiny and the result or the outcome of the Mutiny of 1857. Adil Firdous Wani ""The Insurgency of 1857 in British India_The First war of Independence"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,
URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30011.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/30011/the-insurgency-of-1857-in-british-india_the-first-war-of-independence/adil-firdous-wani
The Insurgency of 1857 in British India The First war of Independenceijtsrd
The Mutiny of 1857 proved to be a land mark in the history of India. This Mutiny ended the company's rule. However, after the war the rule of the British Crown began. Not only common people took part in the Mutiny but also the princes, the Nawabs, the Rajas, the rulers, the Zamindars and even the Sepoys took interest in the Mutiny. During the Mutiny, the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar 1837 1862 was proclaimed as the Emperor of India. The Mutiny began on 10th May 1857 and then spread like wildfire to different parts of the country. The people and the Sepoys rose to the rebellion against the unlawful activities of the British Govt. By this Article a better understanding about the insurgency of 1857 has been made to know the actual cause behind the Mutiny and to know why the Indians felt dissatisfied with the British Govt. This Article helps us to reconstruct the History of the Mutiny of 1857, to know the nature and background of the Mutiny, the beginning of the Mutiny, the causes of the Mutiny, the spread or the main events of the Mutiny, the failure of the Mutiny and the result or the outcome of the Mutiny of 1857. Adil Firdous Wani "The Insurgency of 1857 in British India: The First war of Independence" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31575.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/31575/the-insurgency-of-1857-in-british-india-the-first-war-of-independence/adil-firdous-wani
1. The causes for the revolt of 1987 was can categorized under 1. Economic Causes 2. Political Causes 3.
Social 4. Religion 5. Military and 6. Immediate causes.
1. Economic Causes:
The most important cause of popular discontent was the British policy of economically exploiting
India. This hurt all sections of society. The peasants suffered due to high revenue demands and the
strict revenue collection policy. Artisans and craftsmen were ruined by the large-scale influx of cheap
British manufactured goods into India which, in turn, made their hand-made goods uneconomical to
produce. People who made a living by following religious and cultural pursuits lost their source of
livelihood due to the withdrawal of royal patronage caused by the displacement of the old ruling
classes. A corrupt and unresponsive administration added to the miseries of the people.
2. Political Causes:
The British policy of territorial annexations led to the displacement of a large number of rulers and
chiefs. The vigorous application of the policies of Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse angered
the ruling sections of the society. Rani Lakshmi Bai and Nana Sahib became bitter enemies of the
British and led to the revolt in their respective territories.
The annexation of Awadh, on grounds of misgovernment, was greatly resented. The Nawabs of
Awadh had always been loyal to the British. The annexation was widely seen as a blatant act of back-
stabbing by the British. It deeply hurt the sentiments of the Company’s sepoys because most of them
came from Awadh. Moreover, even under the new regime, the people of Awadh got no relief from
oppression. Peasants had to pay even higher revenue and additional taxes were imposed. The British
provided no alternative source of employment to the people who lost their jobs due to the dissolution
of the Nawab’s administration.
3. Social Causes:
The social reforms introduced by the British were looked upon with suspicion by the conservative
sections of the Indian society. Reforms such as abolition of ‘sati’, legalization of widow remarriage
and extension of western education to women were looked upon as examples of interference in the
social customs of the country. The social discrimination faced by the Indians due to the British
attitude of racial superiority also led to much resentment. Educated Indians were denied promotions
and appointments to high office. This turned them against the British.
4. Religious Causes:
A major cause of the outbreak of the revolt was the fear among the people that the British
government was determined to destroy their religion and convert Indians to Christianity. The
increasing activities of the Christian missionaries and the actual conversions made by them were
taken as a proof of this fear. The policy of taxing lands belonging to temples and mosques lent
2. further support to this idea. The belief that their religion was under threat, united all sections of
society against a common enemy.
5. Military Causes:
Indian soldiers formed seven-eighth of the total British troops in India. As they were an integral part
of the Indian society, they too suffered the consequences of the oppressive British rule. Besides, they
had other grievances. The Indian sepoys were looked upon as inferior beings and treated with
contempt by their British officers. They were paid much less than the British soldiers. All avenues of
the promotion were closed to them as all the higher army posts were reserved for the British.
There were other specific and more immediate causes for the discontent among the sepoys. The
annexation of Awadh inflamed their strong feelings against foreign rule. They were also influenced
by the general fear that their religion was in danger. The order that forbade the sepoys from wearing
caste and sectarian marks hurt their sentiments deeply. So also the Act of 1816 which required the
new recruits to travel overseas, if needed. The Hindu sepoys resented this as according to the popular
Hindu belief, travel across the sea led to a loss of caste. Another cause of sepoy discontent was the
withdrawal of the Foreign Service allowance (‘batta’), which the sepoys were getting for fighting
outside the country.
6. Immediate Cause:
Discontent and resentment against British rule had been growing among the Indians for a long time.
By AD 1857, the stage was set for a massive revolt. Only a spark was needed to set the country ablaze.
That spark was provided by as small a thing as a rifle cartridge.
At this time, the Enfield rifle was introduced in the army. Its cartridges were covered with a greased
paper cover. This greased cover had to be bitten off before the cartridge could be loaded into the rifle.
The news spread that the grease was made of cow and pig fat. As the Hindus consider the cow sacred
and the Muslims do not eat pit’s meat, both these communities were enraged at such a blatant
attempt to harm their religion. This incident, popularly known as the Greased Cartridges Incident,
became the immediate cause of the revolt.
The first soldier to protest against using the greased cartridges was Mangal Pandey. He belonged to
the 34th Infantry stationed at Barrackpore. He refused to use the cartridges and was subsequently
hanged. On 24 April 1857, some soldiers stationed at Meerut also refused to use the cartridges. On 9
May 1857, they were severely punished for this. This incident sparked off a general mutiny among
the sepoys of Meerut. On 10 May 1857, these rebel soldiers killed their British officers, released their
imprisoned comrades and hoisted the flag of revolt. This was the official beginning of the ‘Great
Revolt’. The soldiers then set off for Delhi. On 11 May 1857, they reached Delhi. Here, they were
joined by the local infantry. The rebels seized Delhi and declared the Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah
Zafar as the emperor of India.